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Zhang L, Liu W, Wang HY, Qiang W, Wang R, Cui ZL, Zhang ZM. The temporal progression of retinal degeneration and early-stage idebenone treatment in the Pde6b rd1/rd1 mouse model of retinal dystrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2019. [PMID: 38263197 PMCID: PMC10805728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death, primarily through apoptosis, related to retinal disorders like retinitis pigmentosa (RP), would result in vision loss. The pathological processes and crucial mutant conditions preceding photoreceptor cell demise are not well understood. This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of early-stage changes in the widely utilized Pde6brd1/rd1 (rd1) mouse model, which has Pde6b gene mutations representing autosomal recessive RP disorder. We investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of retinal cells, including second-order neurons, during the initial phase of disease progression. Our findings revealed that mitochondrial alterations in rod photoreceptors were present as a predeath mutant state as early as postnatal day 3 (P3). The bipolar and horizontal cells from the rd1 mouse retina exhibited significant morphological changes in response to loss of photoreceptor cells, indicating that second-order neurons rely on these cells for their structures. Subsequent oral administration of idebenone, a mitochondria-protective agent, enhanced retinal function and promoted both photoreceptor cell survival and inner retinal second-order synaptogenesis in rd1 mice at P14. Our findings offer a mechanistic framework, suggesting that mitochondrial damage acts as an early driver for photoreceptor cell death in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic Imaging, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic Imaging, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Wei Qiang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic Imaging, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic Imaging, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhi-Li Cui
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic Imaging, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Wang J, Zhu H, Liu J, Li H, Han Y, Zhou R, Zhang Y. The application of computer vision to visual prosthesis. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1141-1154. [PMID: 34318520 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A visual prosthesis is an auxiliary device for patients with blinding diseases that cannot be treated with conventional surgery or drugs. It converts captured images into corresponding electrical stimulation patterns, according to which phosphenes are generated through the action of internal electrodes on the visual pathway to form visual perception. However, due to some restrictions such as the few implantable electrodes that the biological tissue can accommodate, the induced perception is far from ideal. Therefore, an important issue in visual prosthesis research is how to detect and present useful information in low-resolution prosthetic vision to improve the visual function of the wearer. In recent years, with the development and broad application of computer vision methods, researchers have investigated the possibility of their utilization in visual prostheses by simulating prosthetic visual percepts. Through the optimization of visual perception by image processing, the efficiency of visual prosthesis devices can be further improved to better meet the needs of prosthesis wearers. In this article, recent works on prosthetic vision centering on implementing computer vision methods are reviewed. Differences, strengths, and weaknesses of the mentioned methods are discussed. The development directions of optimizing prosthetic vision and improving methods of visual perception are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Fishery Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyi Zhu
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Han
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyan Zhou
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Fishery Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
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Gilhooley MJ, Hickey DG, Lindner M, Palumaa T, Hughes S, Peirson SN, MacLaren RE, Hankins MW. ON-bipolar cell gene expression during retinal degeneration: Implications for optogenetic visual restoration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108553. [PMID: 33811915 PMCID: PMC8214074 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Retinal bipolar cells survive even in the later stages of inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) and so are attractive targets for optogenetic approaches to vision restoration. However, it is not known to what extent the remodelling that these cells undergo during degeneration affects their function. Specifically, it is unclear if they are free from metabolic stress, receptive to adeno-associated viral vectors, suitable for opsin-based optogenetic tools and able to propagate signals by releasing neurotransmitter. Methods Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was performed to isolate labelled bipolar cells from dissociated retinae of litter-mates with or without the IRD mutation Pde6brd1/rd1 selectively expressing an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) as a marker in ON-bipolar cells. Subsequent mRNA extraction allowed Illumina® microarray comparison of gene expression in bipolar cells from degenerate to those of wild type retinae. Changes in four candidate genes were further investigated at the protein level using retinal immunohistochemistry over the course of degeneration. Results A total of sixty differentially expressed transcripts reached statistical significance: these did not include any genes directly associated with native primary bipolar cell signalling, nor changes consistent with metabolic stress. Four significantly altered genes (Srm2, Slf2, Anxa7 & Cntn1), implicated in synaptic remodelling, neurotransmitter release and viral vector entry had immunohistochemical staining colocalising with ON-bipolar cell markers and varying over the course of degeneration. Conclusion Our findings suggest relatively few gene expression changes in the context of degeneration: that despite remodelling, bipolar cells are likely to remain viable targets for optogenetic vision restoration. In addition, several genes where changes were seen could provide a basis for investigations to enhance the efficacy of optogenetic therapies. Bipolar cells are attractive targets for therapeutic optogenetics in IRDs. This is the first cell specific transcriptomic analysis of bipolar cells in an IRD model. Bipolar cells maintain expression of genes essential to act as targets for optogenetics. Protein staining relating to four candidate genes (Anxa7, Cntn1, Srm2, Sulf2) is confirmed using immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gilhooley
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; The Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Doron G Hickey
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 002, Australia
| | - Moritz Lindner
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; The Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Philipps University, Deutschhausstrasse 1-2, Marburg, 35037, Germany
| | - Teele Palumaa
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Hughes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; The Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Hankins
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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Handa N, Mochizuki S, Fujiwara Y, Shimokawa M, Wakao R, Arai H. Future development of artificial organs related with cutting edge emerging technology and their regulatory assessment: PMDA's perspective. J Artif Organs 2020; 23:203-206. [PMID: 32112156 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Future development of innovative artificial organs is closely related with cutting edge emerging technology. These technologies include brain machine or computer interface, organs made by three dimensional bioprinting, organs designed from induced-pluripotent stem cell for personalized tissue or organ, and xenotransplantation. To bridge the gap between scientific innovation and regulatory product review, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) started the science board to discuss about the new scientific topics regarding medical products including medical device and regenerative products with external experts since 2012. Topics which PMDA raised for science board included cellular and tissue-based products from iPS cells, artificial intelligence and genome editing technology. In addition, PMDA started the horizon scanning to identify a new cutting edge technology which could potentially lead to innovative health technology or product, which has a strong impact on clinical medicine. Although the effectiveness and safety of the medical products must be reasonably assured before clinical use, PMDA introduced Sakigake review assignment (a review partner of device development) and conditional approval system to balance between pre-market and post-market evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Handa
- Office of Medical Device, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan. .,Medical Device Unit, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, 3-3-2, Shin-Kasumigaseki Building 11F, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0013, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Mochizuki
- Office of Medical Device, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Office of Regenerative Medicine, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimokawa
- Regulatory Science Center, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakao
- Regulatory Science Center, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Regulatory Science Center, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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