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Cohen M, Zesiger P, Merlini L, de Haller R, Fluss J. Modalities of reading acquisition in three siblings with infantile-onset saccade initiation delay (Cogan congenital ocular motor apraxia): A longitudinal study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2019; 23:517-524. [PMID: 30782493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to ascertain the impact of congenital ocular motor apraxia (COMA), alternatively called infantile-onset saccade initiation delay (ISID), on reading acquisition. More specifically, the consequence of defective initiation of horizontal saccades during reading acquisition was investigated. Three siblings (A: male, 11y3m at the first time-point of testing (i.e. T1 hereafter); B: female, 7y3m at T1 and C: male, 5y9m at T1) suffering from ISID were assessed longitudinally over 3 years in various reading tests and their eye movements simultaneously registered. At each time-point, they were compared to control participants matched on reading level. Eye movements during reading tasks were markedly abnormal in children with ISID at the beginning of reading acquisition and their reading scores were poor. With time, the number of fixations, small amplitude saccades and their reading abilities became comparable to those of control children. Despite the abnormal eye movements and difficulties in specifically directing the eyes to the appropriate position, children with ISID do not seem to encounter major difficulties during reading acquisition, although mild delays might be observed during the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Cohen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 28 Bd Pont d'Arve, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Zesiger
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 28 Bd Pont d'Arve, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raoul de Haller
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, La Tour Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Subspecialties Service, Children's Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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Wente S, Schröder S, Buckard J, Büttel HM, von Deimling F, Diener W, Häussler M, Hübschle S, Kinder S, Kurlemann G, Kretzschmar C, Lingen M, Maroske W, Mundt D, Sánchez-Albisua I, Seeger J, Toelle SP, Boltshauser E, Brockmann K. Nosological delineation of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan: an observational study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:104. [PMID: 27473762 PMCID: PMC4966602 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nosological assignment of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan (COMA) is still controversial. While regarded as a distinct entity by some authorities including the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalog of genetic disorders, others consider COMA merely a clinical symptom. Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter data collection study with re-evaluation of clinical and neuroimaging data of 21 previously unreported patients (8 female, 13 male, ages ranging from 2 to 24 years) diagnosed as having COMA. Results Ocular motor apraxia (OMA) was recognized during the first year of life and confined to horizontal pursuit in all patients. OMA attenuated over the years in most cases, regressed completely in two siblings, and persisted unimproved in one individual. Accompanying clinical features included early onset ataxia in most patients and cognitive impairment with learning disability (n = 6) or intellectual disability (n = 4). Re-evaluation of MRI data sets revealed a hitherto unrecognized molar tooth sign diagnostic for Joubert syndrome in 11 patients, neuroimaging features of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome in one case and cerebral malformation suspicious of a tubulinopathy in another subject. In the remainder, MRI showed vermian hypo-/dysplasia in 4 and no abnormalities in another 4 patients. There was a strong trend to more severe cognitive impairment in patients with Joubert syndrome compared to those with inconclusive MRI, but otherwise no significant difference in clinical phenotypes between these two groups. Conclusions Systematical renewed analysis of neuroimaging data resulted in a diagnostic reappraisal in the majority of patients with early-onset OMA in the cohort reported here. This finding poses a further challenge to the notion of COMA constituting a separate entity and underlines the need for an expert assessment of neuroimaging in children with COMA, especially if they show cognitive impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0486-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wente
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Buckard
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Häussler
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Kinder
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kurlemann
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kretzschmar
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden-Neustadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Lingen
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Maroske
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Euregio-Klinik Grafschaft Bentheim Holding GmbH, Nordhorn, Germany
| | - Dirk Mundt
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, St. Marien-Hospital, Düren, Germany
| | - Iciar Sánchez-Albisua
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seeger
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Frankfurt Mitte, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Infantile-onset saccade initiation delay, also known as congenital ocular motor apraxia, typically presents in early infancy with horizontal head thrusts once head control is achieved. Defective initiation of horizontal saccades and saccade hypometria with normal saccadic velocity are characteristic findings. Isolated impairment of vertical saccades is rare. Impaired smooth ocular pursuit may be seen. Other relatively common features include developmental delay, hypotonia, ataxia, or clumsiness. Brain MRI may be normal or show a diverse range of abnormalities, most commonly involving the cerebellum. Defective slow phases of the optokinetic response are commonly associated with brain MRI abnormalities. Isolated defect of vertical saccade initiation may indicate supratentorial brain abnormalities on MRI. Joubert syndrome, a developmental midbrain-hindbrain malformation, and ataxia telangiectasia are both commonly associated with defective volitional and reflexive saccade initiation, saccade hypometria, and head thrusts. Both horizontal and vertical saccades are impaired in these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Salman
- Winnipeg Children's Hospital and Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,
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