1
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Yang S, Fan Z, Lu X, Liu H, Zhou Z, Qi H, Zeng J, Zheng M, Zou X, Fang S, Zhang G. Response of Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells to Influenza A (H1N1) Infection and the Underlying Molecular Mechanism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38252524 PMCID: PMC10810132 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Whether H1N1 infection-associated ocular manifestations result from direct viral infections or systemic complications remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the underlying causes and mechanism. Method TCID50 assays was performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours to verify the infection of H1N1 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). The changes in gene expression profiles of HRMECs at 24, 48, and 72 hours were characterized using RNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. CCK-8 assay and scratch assay were performed to evaluate whether there was a potential improvement of proliferation and migration in H1N1-infected cells after oseltamivir intervention. Results H1N1 can infect and replicate within HRMECs, leading to cell rounding and detachment. After H1N1 infection of HRMECs, 2562 DEGs were identified, including 1748 upregulated ones and 814 downregulated ones. These DEGs primarily involved in processes such as inflammation and immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, signal transduction regulation, and cell adhesion. The elevated expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5, TLR3, C3, IFNB1, IFNG, STAT1, HLA, and TNFSF10 after H1N1 infection were reduced by oseltamivir intervention, reaching levels comparable to those in the uninfected group. The impaired cell proliferation and migration after H1N1 infection was improved by oseltamivir intervention. Conclusions This study confirmed that H1N1 can infect HRMECs, leading to the upregulation of chemokines, which may cause inflammation and destruction of the blood-retina barrier. Moreover, early oseltamivir administration may reduce retinal inflammation and hemorrhage in patients infected with H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixin Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Zhou
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mianying Zheng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shisong Fang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Srichawla BS, Catton RM, Lichtenberg AA, Henninger N. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for bilateral lateral geniculate body pathology: a systematic review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3481-3493. [PMID: 37086352 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case presentation of acute onset bilateral painless vision loss caused by bilateral infarction of the lateral geniculate bodies (LGB) and a systematic review of the literature. METHODS A descriptive case report is presented on a 17-year-old female diagnosed with acute pancreatitis who developed acute onset bilateral painless vision loss. A systematic literature review of cases with bilateral LGB lesions was conducted across three electronic databases (PubMed/PubMed Central/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ScienceDirect). The review was conducted in concordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022362491). RESULTS The reported 17-year-old female was found to have MRI findings consistent with bilateral hemorrhagic infarction of the LGB and Purtscher-like retinopathy. A systematic literature review of bilateral LGB infarction yielded 23 records for analysis. 19/23 (82.6%) of reported cases occurred in women. Bilateral vision loss was noted in all cases. The average reported age was 27 years old with a range from 2-50. Gastrointestinal pathology (e.g., pancreatitis, gastroenteritis) was present in 8/23 (34.7%) of cases. 8/23 (34.7%) cases had neuroimaging or pathological evidence of hemorrhagic transformation of the infarct. Most cases experienced partial recovery of visual loss; only one case (4.7%) had complete visual recovery. 9/23 (39.1%) cases were reported from the United States and 4/23 (17.3%) from India. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral LGB lesion is a rare cause of vision loss, typically caused by systemic diseases and with female preponderance. Purported pathophysiology relates to increased vulnerability of the LGB to ischemic and metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar S Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A..
| | - Raymond M Catton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A
| | - Alexander A Lichtenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, U.S.A
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3
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Uppal P, Madigan WP, Murnick J, Strelzik J, Harrar D. Bilateral Retinal and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Infarction in an Adolescent With Influenza. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 145:94-96. [PMID: 37302215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a 13-year-old female with influenza complicated by bilateral vision loss due to retinal and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) infarctions. She continues to have near-total vision loss in her left eye 3.5 years later. This is the second reported case of bilateral retinal and LGN infarctions in the setting of influenza. The mechanism of infarction remains to be determined, but it is important to recognize this entity and counsel patients appropriately as visual recovery may be poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayerna Uppal
- The School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - William P Madigan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jonathan Murnick
- Department of Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey Strelzik
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Dana Harrar
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
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4
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Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Influenza: A Scoping Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122817. [PMID: 36560821 PMCID: PMC9785394 DOI: 10.3390/v14122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that usually causes a short-term and self-limiting illness. However, in high-risk populations, this can lead to several complications, with an increase in mortality. Aside from the well-known extrapulmonary complications, several studies have investigated the relationship between influenza and acute cardio and cerebrovascular events. Reviews of the thromboembolic complications associated with influenza are lacking. OBJECTIVES the study aims to conduct a scoping review to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients suffering from influenza and thromboembolic complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of historical published cases using PubMed and the terms "influenza" or "flu" and "thrombosis", "embolism", "thromboembolism", "stroke", or "infarct" for the last twenty-five years was conducted. Only articles reporting detailed data on patients with thromboembolic complications of laboratory-confirmed influenza were considered eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. RESULTS Fifty-eight cases with laboratory documented influenza A or B and a related intravascular thrombosis were retrieved. Their characteristics were analyzed along with those of a patient who motivated our search. The localizations of thromboembolic events were pulmonary embolism 21/58 (36.2%), DVT 12/58 (20.6%), DVT and pulmonary embolism 3/58 (5.1%), acute ischemic stroke 11/58 (18.9%), arterial thrombosis 4/58 (6.8%), and acute myocardial infarction 5/58 (8.6%). DISCUSSION Our findings are important in clarifying which thromboembolic complications are more frequent in adults and children with influenza. Symptoms of pulmonary embolism and influenza can be very similar, so a careful clinical evaluation is required for proper patient management, possible instrumental deepening, and appropriate pharmacological interventions, especially for patients with respiratory failure.
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5
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Scalabrin S, Becco A, Vitale A, Nuzzi R. Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:999251. [PMID: 36388944 PMCID: PMC9643669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.999251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we aimed to compare the pathological effects on the eye due to the most common viral infections [in particular varicella zoster virus (VZV), measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2] with the possible ocular adverse effects of their relative vaccines, in order to establish a risk-benefit relationship from an ophthalmological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaele Nuzzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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6
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Naguib MM, Woodland MB, Foroozan R. Characteristic Visual Field Defect From Lateral Geniculate Body Stroke. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:e756-e758. [PMID: 33870940 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 58-year-old man presented with a complaint of subjective visual field loss on the right side and hypertensive emergency. Examination revealed a right homonymous hemianopia. Computed tomography imaging revealed an acute stroke of the left lateral geniculate body. A few months later, automated perimetry revealed characteristic visual field changes associated with this lesion. In this report, the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and previously reported etiologies of lateral geniculate body lesions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Naguib
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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7
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Venkatesh A, Patel R, Goyal S, Rajaratnam T, Sharma A, Hossain P. Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:1117-1139. [PMID: 33514902 PMCID: PMC7844788 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Venkatesh
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravi Patel
- grid.439257.e0000 0000 8726 5837Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simran Goyal
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rajaratnam
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anant Sharma
- grid.439257.e0000 0000 8726 5837Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Parwez Hossain
- grid.430506.4Eye Unit, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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8
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Billa RD, Czech T, Badheka A, Chegondi M. Influenza B associated acute necrotising encephalopathy with visual impairment in a child. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e238221. [PMID: 33318255 PMCID: PMC7737065 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis (IAE) can result in serious neurological complications. We report a 4-year-old healthy female child with the diagnosis of IAE. Her clinical course was complicated by temporary visual impairment and significant motor deficits. Her unique ophthalmological findings have little precedent in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Deepthi Billa
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Theresa Czech
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Aditya Badheka
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Madhuradhar Chegondi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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9
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Ito SI, Takagi S, Takahashi M, Sugita S, Hirami Y, Fujihara M, Uzu T, Azumi A, Kurimoto Y. Bilateral retinitis after influenza virus infection in a case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 17:100584. [PMID: 31956727 PMCID: PMC6962652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report 2 years’ longitudinal retinal changes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images in a case of retinitis after influenza virus infection. Observations A 48-year-old female complained of scotoma in the central visual field after influenza virus infection. Her best visual acuity was 20/16, her fundus examination was normal, and fluorescein angiography demonstrated no evident leakage in either the retina or the optic disc. However, SD-OCT images showed a disrupted, blurred inner-segment ellipsoid zone in the macula of both eyes. Two steroid pulse therapy sessions in the first 3 months showed temporary improvement of the central scotoma. However, atrophy of the photoreceptor layer at the juxta fovea gradually progressed in OCT images during the follow-up period. In contrast, the fovea itself was mostly intact and visual acuity was maintained in the 2-year period. Conclusions and importance We experienced a unique case of retinitis after influenza infection, in whom progressive atrophy of the photoreceptor layer was observed in SD-OCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Towa Uzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kohnan Hospital, 1-5-16 Kamokogahara, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe-Shi, Hyogo, 658-006, Japan
| | - Atsushi Azumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, 3-11-15 Shinohara Kitamachi, Nada-Ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-0068, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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10
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Brydak-Godowska J, Turczyńska M, Przybyś M, Brydak LB, Kęcik D. Ocular Complications in Influenza Virus Infection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018; 27:545-550. [PMID: 29420099 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1423335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To describe a case series of ocular complications associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Methods: Four patients aged 21-61 years (three females, one male) had confirmed ocular complications connected with a general upper respiratory tract infection with myalgia and fever. Ophthalmological examination, including a visual acuity test, a slit-lamp exam, intraocular pressure measurements, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and diagnostic tests for influenza were performed in the patients (RT-PCR, HAI). Results: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) was diagnosed in three patients and serous macular detachment (SME) in one. Influenza virus infection was confirmed by molecular biological methods (RT-PCR) or the hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) in two patients. All patients were treated with systemic prednisone. Conclusion: A coincidence between APMPPE and SME epitheliopathy and influenza virus infection was observed in different months of a given epidemic season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Turczyńska
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mariusz Przybyś
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Lidia B Brydak
- b Director of the National Influenza Centre, Director of the Department of Influenza Research , National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Dariusz Kęcik
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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11
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Lee JH, Agarwal A, Mahendradas P, Lee CS, Gupta V, Pavesio CE, Agrawal R. Viral posterior uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:404-445. [PMID: 28012878 PMCID: PMC5654632 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The causes of posterior uveitis can be divided into infectious, autoimmune, or masquerade syndromes. Viral infections, a significant cause of sight-threatening ocular diseases in the posterior segment, include human herpesviruses, measles, rubella, and arboviruses such as dengue, West Nile, and chikungunya virus. Viral posterior uveitis may occur as an isolated ocular disease in congenital or acquired infections or as part of a systemic viral illness. Many viruses remain latent in the infected host with a risk of reactivation that depends on various factors, including virulence and host immunity, age, and comorbidities. Although some viral illnesses are self-limiting and have a good visual prognosis, others, such as cytomegalovirus retinitis or acute retinal necrosis, may result in serious complications and profound vision loss. Since some of these infections may respond well to antiviral therapy, it is important to work up all cases of posterior uveitis to rule out an infectious etiology. We review the clinical features, diagnostic tools, treatment regimens, and long-term outcomes for each of these viral posterior uveitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Department of Vitreoretina and Uveitis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Uveitis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Vitreoretina and Uveitis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Carlos E Pavesio
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Ong D, Harper CA, Fagan X. Clinical case of influenza A with outer retinal maculopathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45:745-747. [PMID: 28295955 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daini Ong
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Alex Harper
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Fagan
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature. Case Rep Pediatr 2017; 2017:4039358. [PMID: 28299224 PMCID: PMC5337386 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, febrile seizure, and acute cerebellar features, is discussed in this article.
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