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Ajibo DN, Orish CN, Ruggieri F, Bocca B, Battistini B, Frazzoli C, Orish FC, Orisakwe OE. An Update Overview on Mechanistic Data and Biomarker Levels in Cobalt and Chromium-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3538-3564. [PMID: 38017235 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the imbalance of metals as cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) may increase the risk of development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The human exposure to Co and Cr is derived mostly from industry, orthopedic implants, and polluted environments. Neurological effects of Co and Cr include memory deficit, olfactory dysfunction, spatial disorientation, motor neuron disease, and brain cancer. Mechanisms of Co and Cr neurotoxicity included DNA damage and genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial disturbance, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This paper seeks to overview the Co and Cr sources, the mechanisms by which these metals induce NDDs, and their levels in fluids of the general population and patients affected by NDDs. To this end, evidence of Co and Cr unbalance in the human body, mechanistic data, and neurological symptoms were collected using in vivo mammalian studies and human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Nnena Ajibo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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2
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Hasimuna OJ, Chibesa M, Mumbula I, Mphande J, Jere WWL, Phiri D, Nawanzi K, Siavwapa S, Maseko AF, Munganga BP, Nchima G, Khalil HS, Maulu S. Contamination of selected heavy metals in Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger, 1906) in the four strata of Lake Kariba Zambia: are the consumers at risk? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:521-529. [PMID: 37458264 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2235262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the major challenges affecting many countries of the world. Heavy metal pollutants, in particular, threaten the life of aquatic organisms (fauna and flora) and, more importantly, humans who consume aquatic products as a critical source of proteins. In the present study, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (cobalt- Co, Chromium-Cr, nickel- Ni and manganese- Mn) in Limnothrissa miodon, locally known as 'Kapenta' were assessed using the Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP AES) 4200 at the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI). The fish was collected from Lake Kariba, Zambia, which is divided into four fisheries management strata (I, II, III, and IV). The health risks to consumers were evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the difference in the means of heavy metal concentration across the four strata for each element. The concentrations of all the heavy metal elements were within the permissible limits considered to be safe for human consumption based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standards. However, the concentration of individual heavy metal elements varied significantly across the strata with stratum I and II showing higher levels in general except for Mn which was highest in stratum II and III compared with the other strata. Furthermore, Mn concentration was the highest in all the strata and the highest concentration was observed in the fish from stratum II. The EDIs, THQs and HIs of each heavy metal element did not show any threat to consumers of the fish from the lake. Further studies are required to better understand the potential sources of heavy metals and to regularly monitor existing activities that may elevate the concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hasimuna
- National Aquaculture Research and Development Centre, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Kitwe, Zambia
- Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Moses Chibesa
- Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Inyambo Mumbula
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Mphande
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Ndola, Zambia
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Wilson W L Jere
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Darius Phiri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Kundananji Nawanzi
- Department of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kapasa Makasa University Campus, Chinsali, Zambia
| | - Sillah Siavwapa
- Department of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kapasa Makasa University Campus, Chinsali, Zambia
| | - Alex F Maseko
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian P Munganga
- Research and Development, Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gilbert Nchima
- Biochemistry and Toxicology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Hala S Khalil
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (NIOF), Hurghada, Egypt
| | - Sahya Maulu
- Research and Development, Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ), Lusaka, Zambia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Crutsen JRW, Koper MC, Jelsma J, Heymans M, Heyligers IC, Grimm B, Mathijssen NMC, Schotanus MGM. Prosthetic hip-associated cobalt toxicity: a systematic review of case series and case reports. EFORT Open Rev 2022; 7:188-199. [PMID: 35298414 PMCID: PMC8965198 DOI: 10.1530/eor-21-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic hip-associated cobalt toxicity (PHACT) is caused by elevated blood cobalt concentrations after hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study is to determine which symptoms are reported most frequently and in what type of bearing. We also try to determine the blood level of cobalt concentrations associated with toxicological symptoms. A systematic review was conducted on the 10th of July according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A methodological quality assessment (risk of bias (RoB)) was performed. Primary outcomes were the reported symptoms of cobalt toxicity and the level of cobalt concentrations in blood. These levels were associated with toxicological symptoms. A total of 7645 references were found of which 67 relevant reports describing 79 patients. The two most used bearings in which PHACT was described were metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings (38 cases) and revised (fractured) ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings where the former ceramic head was replaced by a metal head (32 cases). Of all reported symptoms, most were seen in the neurological system, of which 24% were in the sensory system and 19.3% were in central/peripheral system, followed by the cardiovascular (22.1%) system. The mean cobalt concentration for MoM-bearings was 123.7 ± 96.8 ppb and 1078.2 ± 1267.5 ppb for the revised fractured CoC-bearings. We recommend not to use a metal-based articulation in the revision of a fractured CoC bearing and suggest close follow-up with yearly blood cobalt concentration controls in patients with a MoM bearing or a revised fractured CoC bearing. Level of Evidence: Level V, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R W Crutsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M C Koper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Reinier HAGA Orthopaedic Center, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - J Jelsma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - M Heymans
- Zuyderland Academy, Centre of Knowledge and Information (KIC), Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - I C Heyligers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B Grimm
- Luxembourg Institute Health, Human Motion, Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine, Digital Methods (HOSD), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - N M C Mathijssen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Reinier HAGA Orthopaedic Center, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - M G M Schotanus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
- School of Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Marmoy OR, Viswanathan S. Clinical electrophysiology of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:2386-2405. [PMID: 34117382 PMCID: PMC8377055 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical electrophysiological assessment of optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell function can be performed using the Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) and the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) amongst other more specialised techniques. In this review, we describe these electrophysiological techniques and their application in diseases affecting the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells with the exception of glaucoma. The disease groups discussed include hereditary, compressive, toxic/nutritional, traumatic, vascular, inflammatory and intracranial causes for optic nerve or retinal ganglion cell dysfunction. The benefits of objective, electrophysiological measurement of the retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve are discussed, as are their applications in clinical diagnosis of disease, determining prognosis, monitoring progression and response to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Marmoy
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
- UCL-GOS Institute for Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Badhe RV, Akinfosile O, Bijukumar D, Barba M, Mathew MT. Systemic toxicity eliciting metal ion levels from metallic implants and orthopedic devices - A mini review. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:213-224. [PMID: 34252509 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The metal/metal alloy-based implants and prostheses are in use for over a century, and the rejections, revisions, and metal particle-based toxicities were reported concurrently. Complications developed due to metal ions, metal debris, and organo-metallic particles in orthopedic patients have been a growing concern in recent years. It was reported that local and systemic toxicity caused by such released products from the implants is one of the major reasons for implant rejection and revision. Even though the description of environmental metal toxicants and safety limits for their exposure to humans were well established in the literature, an effort was not adequately performed in the case of implant-based metal toxicology. Since the metal ion concentration in serum acts as a possible indicator of the systemic toxicity, this review summarizes the reported human serum safe limits, toxic limits, and concentration range (μg/L, ppb, etc.) for mild to severe symptoms of six (cardiac, hepatic, neuro, nephron, dermal and endocrine) systemic toxicities for twelve most commonly used metallic implants. It also covers the widely used metal ion quantification techniques and systemic toxicity treatments reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra V Badhe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Obakanyin Akinfosile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bijukumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | | | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA.
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Garcia MD, Hur M, Chen JJ, Bhatti MT. Cobalt toxic optic neuropathy and retinopathy: Case report and review of the literature. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 17:100606. [PMID: 32025592 PMCID: PMC6997813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We detail a case of cobalt toxicity with visual and systemic complications, review the pathogenic process for the optic neuropathy and retinopathy, and discuss the controversy of metallic hip prosthesis. Observations A 59-year-old female with a history of multiple left hip arthroplasties presented to our clinic with bilateral visual loss. The year prior, she had failure of the hip implant necessitating revision surgery with placement of a chrome-cobalt head. A few months after surgery, she began experiencing blurred and “white, spotty” vision in both eyes in addition to hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. The possibility of the patient's symptoms being due to cobalt toxicity from her hip prosthesis was proposed and she was found to have a serum cobalt level >1000 μg/L (normal 0–0.9 ng/mL). Visual acuity was 20/600 in the right and 20/800 in the left eye. There was bilateral temporal optic disc pallor. Goldmann visual field testing demonstrated bilateral central scotomas, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed severe ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL) thinning and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) demonstrated decreased amplitudes in both eyes. She underwent a total hip revision arthroplasty with extensive debridement of “black sludge” found within a pseudocapsule. Four days after surgery, cobalt serum levels had significantly decreased to 378 ng/mL. One month after surgery, she had significant improvement in visual acuity (20/150 right eye, 20/250 left eye), Goldmann visual field testing, and mfERG. OCT showed retinal nerve fiber thinning and persistent GCLIPL thinning in both eyes. Conclusions and Importance Excessive cobalt levels can result in systemic toxicity leading to visual changes, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, cognitive deficits, cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. In recent years it has become apparent that cobalt toxicity can be associated with metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty, or the grinding effects of retained ceramic particles from a fractured ceramic head on a cobalt-chromium femoral head prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Minjun Hur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Tariq Bhatti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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