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Kneist W, Ghadimi M, Runkel N, Moesta T, Coerper S, Benecke C, Kauff DW, Gretschel S, Gockel I, Jansen-Winkeln B, Lang H, Gorbulev S, Ruckes C, Kronfeld K. Pelvic Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Prevents Dysfunction in Patients With Rectal Cancer: Results From a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of a NEUROmonitoring System (NEUROS). Ann Surg 2023; 277:e737-e744. [PMID: 36177851 PMCID: PMC9994806 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This NEUROmonitoring System (NEUROS) trial assessed whether pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring (pIONM) could improve urogenital and ano-(neo-)rectal functional outcomes in patients who underwent total mesorectal excisions (TMEs) for rectal cancer. BACKGROUND High-level evidence from clinical trials is required to clarify the benefits of pIONM. METHODS NEUROS was a 2-arm, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial that included 189 patients with rectal cancer who underwent TMEs at 8 centers, from February 2013 to January 2017. TMEs were performed with pIONM (n=90) or without it (control, n=99). The groups were stratified according to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and sex, with blocks of variable length. Data were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat protocol. The primary endpoint was a urinary function at 12 months after surgery, assessed with the International Prostate Symptom Score, a patient-reported outcome measure. Deterioration was defined as an increase of at least 5 points from the preoperative score. Secondary endpoints were sexual and anorectal functional outcomes, safety, and TME quality. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis included 171 patients. Marked urinary deterioration occurred in 22/171 (13%) patients, with significantly different incidence between groups (pIONM: n=6/82, 8%; control: n=16/89, 19%; 95% confidence interval, 12.4-94.4; P =0.0382). pIONM was associated with better sexual and ano-(neo)rectal function. At least 1 serious adverse event occurred in 36/88 (41%) in the pIONM group and 53/99 (54%) in the control group, none associated with the study treatment. The groups had similar TME quality, surgery times, intraoperative complication incidence, and postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION pIONM is safe and has the potential to improve functional outcomes in rectal cancer patients undergoing TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kneist
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Georg Hospital Eisenach GmbH, Eisenach, Germany
- Department of General, Abdominal, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Runkel
- Department of Surgery, AMEOS Spital Einsiedeln, Einsiedeln, Switzerland
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Schwarzwald-Baar Hospital Villingen-Schwenningen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Thomas Moesta
- University Medical Center Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Hospital Region Hannover (KRH) Hospital Siloah, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Coerper
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Martha-Maria, Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Benecke
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel W. Kauff
- Department of General, Abdominal, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Nagold, Nagold, Germany
| | - Stephan Gretschel
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Neuruppin, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Abdominal, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorbulev
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Kronfeld
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Crocoli A, Martucci C, Randi F, Ponzo V, Trucchi A, De Pasquale MD, Marras CE, Inserra A. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Pediatric Pelvic Tumors. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:949037. [PMID: 36110110 PMCID: PMC9468478 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.949037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors of the pre-sacral and sacral spaces are a rare occurrence in children. Total tumor excision is required due to the significant risk of relapse in the event of partial surgery, but the surgical procedure may lead to postoperative problems such as urinary, sexual, and anorectal dysfunctions. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has gained popularity in recent years as a strategy for preventing the onset of neurologic impairments by combining several neurophysiological techniques. The aim of our study is to describe the experience of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in the use of IONM in pediatric pelvic surgery. Materials and Methods The data of patients treated for pelvic malignancies at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively collected. All patients were assessed from a neurologic and neuro-urologic point of view at different time-points (before and immediately after surgery, after 6 months, and 1-year follow-up). They were all monitored during a surgical procedure using multimodal IONM including transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEP), triggered-EMG (t-EMG), pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials (PSSEP), and bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR). Results During the study period, ten children underwent pelvic tumor removal at our Institution. In all cases, intraoperative neurophysiological recordings were stable and feasible. The preservation of neurophysiological response at the same intensity during surgical procedures correlated with no new deficits for all neurophysiological techniques. Discussion Although the impact of the IONM on surgical strategies and clinical follow-up is unknown, this preliminary experience suggests that the appropriate use of several neurophysiological techniques can influence both the radicality of pelvic tumor removal and the neurological and urological outcome at clinical follow-up. Finally, because of the highly complex anatomy and inter-individual variances, this is especially useful in this type of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Crocoli
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Martucci
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Randi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trucchi
- Surgical Andrology Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Debora De Pasquale
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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A new method of intraoperative pelvic neuromonitoring: a preclinical feasibility study in a porcine model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3696. [PMID: 35256643 PMCID: PMC8901737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low anterior resections (LAR) are frequently associated with complications such as urinary and fecal incontinence as well as sexual disorders. Typical risk factors are rectal cancer with low tumor location, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgery-related damage of pelvic autonomic nerves. As preserving the pelvic autonomic nerves without any technical assistance is challenging, the objective of this preclinical study was to investigate the technical feasibility of a new method for intraoperative pelvic neuromonitoring. Twelve female pigs undergoing low anterior resections were involved in a prospective preclinical study. Intraoperative pelvic neuromonitoring included direct pelvic nerve stimulation and tissue impedance measurement on the urinary bladder and the rectum for the identification of efferent pelvic nerves in the surgical area. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the results. Smooth muscle contraction of the urinary bladder and/or the rectum in response to direct stimulation of the innervating nerves was detectable with impedance measurement. The macroscopic contraction of both the urinary bladder and the rectum correlated with a change in tissue impedance compared to the status before contraction. Thus, it was possible to identify pelvic nerves in the surgical area, which allows the nerves to be preserved. The results indicate a reliable identification of pelvic autonomic nerves, which allows nerve damage to be prevented in the future.
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Galloway G, Sala F. Mapping and monitoring of tethered cord and cauda equina surgeries. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 186:257-270. [PMID: 35772890 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819826-1.00018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgery involving the cauda equina and tethered cord can be associated with significant functional disability including pain, motor and sensory deficits, as well as bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction. Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring and mapping during these surgeries using a variety of techniques and applications contributes to lessen the risk of permanent injury. This chapter reviews the anatomy of the pelvic floor, describes the techniques involved in monitoring and mapping this area, and describes the limitations of neurophysiology applications. Additionally, this chapter details mapping and monitoring techniques as they apply to tethered cord surgical release in both children and adults with review of outcome studies, and describes complications which can arise from tethered cord repair and injury to the cauda equina despite appropriate neurophysiologic intraoperative involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Galloway
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Francesco Sala
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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Zhou MW, Huang XY, Chen ZY, Li ZY, Zhou YM, Yang Y, Wang ZH, Xiang JB, Gu XD. Intraoperative monitoring of pelvic autonomic nerves during laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:411-417. [PMID: 30643466 PMCID: PMC6317465 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients with low rectal cancer experience anorectal and urogenital dysfunctions after surgery, which can influence the long-term quality of life. In this study, we aimed to protect nerve function in such scenarios by performing intraoperative monitoring of pelvic autonomic nerves (IMPAN). Patients and methods We retrospectively investigated a series of 87 patients undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer. Nerve-sparing was evaluated both visually and electrophysiologically. IMPAN was performed by stimulating the pelvic autonomic nerves under processed electromyography of the internal anal sphincter. Urination, defecation, sexual function, and the quality of life were evaluated using validated and standardized questionnaires preoperatively and at follow-up, 12 months after surgery. Results Among a total of 87 patients (53 male and 34 female patients), IMPAN with simultaneous electromyography of the internal anal sphincter was performed in 58 (66.7%) patients. Bilateral positive IMPAN results for both measurements, indicating successfully confirmed pelvic autonomic nerve preservation, were obtained in 45 (51.7%) patients. No significant difference was found in terms of urogenital and anorectal functions between preoperative and postoperative patients with bilateral positive IMPAN (P>0.05). Compared to preoperative patients with IMPAN (unilateral) or without IMPAN, these patients exhibited higher International Prostate Symptom Score, a lower International Index of Erectile Function-5, and a lower Female Sexual Function Index score at 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). Conclusion IMPAN is an appropriate method with which to laparoscopically protect nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiao-Yun Huang
- Department of Electromyogram, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-You Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhen-Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yi-Ming Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zi-Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jian-Bin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiao-Dong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
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The 3D reconstructions of female pelvic autonomic nerves and their related organs based on MRI: a first step towards neuronavigation during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:4561-4569. [PMID: 29728818 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present in vivo female pelvic autonomous innervation and the relationship between nerves and their related organs by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty patients with cervical cancer who underwent pelvic MRI and agreed to undergo additional magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) sequences were enrolled in the present study. MRI images from the same patient were acquired using T2-weighted fat saturation (T2W FS) and 3D-STIR-SPACE sequences. Detailed two-dimensional (2D) segmentation and 3D reconstruction of pelvic autonomic nerves (PAN) were performed on the basis of the images of the two sequences using 3D reconstruction software. The 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction of pelvic organs were based on T2W FS images. The consistency of the 3D models of pelvic autonomous innervation constructed from the two sequences were analysed and compared, the pelvic autonomous innervation was presented, and the relationship between nerves and their related organs was characterised. RESULTS The 3D reconstructions of PAN were successfully obtained from 3D-STIR-SPACE and T2W FS sequences in 30 patients and showed high correspondence. T2W FS images also enabled 3D reconstructions of pelvic organs to visualise the 3D distribution of PAN and the positional relationships between nerves and their related organs. CONCLUSION The pelvic autonomic nerves and their related organs can be reconstructed on the basis of MRI to present personalised 3D anatomical information and offer individualised guidance during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH). KEY POINTS • Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy is a developing trend in cervical cancer surgery • MRI allows reconstructions of pelvic autonomic nerves and their related organs • The 3D reconstructions provide detailed 3D anatomical information on nerves.
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