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Husain AM, Towne AR, Chen DK, Whitmire LE, Voyles SR, Cardenas DP. Differentiation of Epileptic and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Using Single-Channel Surface Electromyography. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:432-438. [PMID: 32501944 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are difficult to differentiate when based on a patient's self-reported symptoms. This study proposes review of objective data captured by a surface electromyography (sEMG) wearable device for classification of events as ES or PNES. This may help clinicians accurately identify ES and PNES. METHODS Seventy-one subjects were prospectively enrolled across epilepsy monitoring units at VA Epilepsy Centers of Excellence. Subjects were concomitantly monitored using video EEG and a wearable sEMG epilepsy monitor, the Sensing Portable sEmg Analysis Characterization (SPEAC) System. Three epileptologists independently classified ES and PNES that contained upper extremity motor activity based on video EEG. The sEMG data from those events were automatically processed to provide a seizure score for event classification. After brief training (60 minutes), the sEMG data were reviewed by a separate group of four epileptologists to independently classify events as ES or PNES. RESULTS According to video EEG review, 17 subjects experienced 34 events (15 ES and 19 PNES with upper extremity motor activity). The automated process correctly classified 87% of ES (positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 76%) and 79% of PNES, and the expert reviewers correctly classified 77% of ES (positive predictive value = 94%, negative predictive value = 84%) and 96% of PNES. The automated process and the expert reviewers correctly classified 100% of tonic-clonic seizures as ES, and 71 and 50%, respectively, of non-tonic-clonic ES. CONCLUSIONS Automated and expert review, particularly in combination, of sEMG captured by a wearable seizure monitor (SPEAC System) may be able to differentiate ES (especially tonic-clonic) and PNES with upper extremity motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatif M Husain
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
- Neurosciences Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
- Neurodiagnostic Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Neuroscience Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Alan R Towne
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northeast Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - David K Chen
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Southwest Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; and
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Beniczky S, Arbune AA, Jeppesen J, Ryvlin P. Biomarkers of seizure severity derived from wearable devices. Epilepsia 2020; 61 Suppl 1:S61-S66. [PMID: 32519759 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Besides triggering alarms, wearable seizure detection devices record a variety of biosignals that represent biomarkers of seizure severity. There is a need for automated seizure characterization, to identify high-risk seizures. Wearable devices can automatically identify seizure types with the highest associated morbidity and mortality (generalized tonic-clonic seizures), quantify their duration and frequency, and provide data on postictal position and immobility, autonomic changes derived from electrocardiography/heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, respiration, and oxygen saturation. In this review, we summarize how these biosignals reflect seizure severity, and how they can be monitored in the ambulatory outpatient setting using wearable devices. Multimodal recording of these biosignals will provide valuable information for individual risk assessment, as well as insights into the mechanisms and prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Beniczky
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anca A Arbune
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jesper Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Arbune AA, Conradsen I, Cardenas DP, Whitmire LE, Voyles SR, Wolf P, Lhatoo S, Ryvlin P, Beniczky S. Ictal quantitative surface electromyography correlates with postictal EEG suppression. Neurology 2020; 94:e2567-e2576. [PMID: 32398358 PMCID: PMC7455333 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that neurophysiologic biomarkers of muscle activation during convulsive seizures reveal seizure severity and to determine whether automatically computed surface EMG parameters during seizures can predict postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES), indicating increased risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Wearable EMG devices have been clinically validated for automated detection of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Our goal was to use quantitative EMG measurements for seizure characterization and risk assessment. METHODS Quantitative parameters were computed from surface EMGs recorded during convulsive seizures from deltoid and brachial biceps muscles in patients admitted to long-term video-EEG monitoring. Parameters evaluated were the durations of the seizure phases (tonic, clonic), durations of the clonic bursts and silent periods, and the dynamics of their evolution (slope). We compared them with the duration of the PGES. RESULTS We found significant correlations between quantitative surface EMG parameters and the duration of PGES (p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified as independent predictors in deltoid muscle the duration of the clonic phase and in biceps muscle the duration of the tonic-clonic phases, the average silent period, and the slopes of the silent period and clonic bursts. The surface EMG-based algorithm identified seizures at increased risk (PGES ≥20 seconds) with an accuracy of 85%. CONCLUSIONS Ictal quantitative surface EMG parameters correlate with PGES and may identify seizures at high risk. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that during convulsive seizures, surface EMG parameters are associated with prolonged postictal generalized EEG suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca A Arbune
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Isa Conradsen
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Damon P Cardenas
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Luke E Whitmire
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Shannon R Voyles
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Peter Wolf
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Samden Lhatoo
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sándor Beniczky
- From the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.A.A., P.W., S.B.), Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.A.A.), "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; FORCE Technology (I.C.), Hørsholm, Denmark; Brain Sentinel (D.P.C., L.E.W., S.R.V.), San Antonio, TX; Department of Clinical Medicine (P.W.), Neurological Service, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Center for SUDEP Research (S.L.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (S.L.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (S.B.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Schulze-Bonhage A, Böttcher S, Glasstetter M, Epitashvili N, Bruno E, Richardson M, V Laerhoven K, Dümpelmann M. [Mobile seizure monitoring in epilepsy patients]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:1221-1231. [PMID: 31673723 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-00822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearables are receiving much attention from both epilepsy patients and treating physicians, for monitoring of seizure frequency and warning of seizures. They are also of interest for the detection of seizure-associated risks of patients, for differential diagnosis of rare seizure types and prediction of seizure-prone periods. Accelerometry, electromyography (EMG), heart rate and further autonomic parameters are recorded to capture clinical seizure manifestations. Currently, a clinical use to document nocturnal motor seizures is feasible. In this review the available devices, data on the performance in the documentation of seizures, current options for clinical use and developments in data analysis are presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - S Böttcher
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - M Glasstetter
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - N Epitashvili
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - E Bruno
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College, London, Großbritannien
| | - M Richardson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College, London, Großbritannien
| | - K V Laerhoven
- Department Elektrotechnik und Informatik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Deutschland
| | - M Dümpelmann
- Epilepsiezentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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