Multimodal Evoked Potential Profiles in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome: A review

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a rare and inherited spectrum of movement disorders caused by mutations affecting the function of proteins that participate in the homeostasis of tissue metals such as iron or copper and other metabolic pathways, although the precise function of the proteins encoded are not always known. Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome (WSS) is one of the rarest NBIAs. Patients with WSS are characterized by endocrinological and neurological manifestations and neuroradiological findings. However, diagnostic criteria have not been published yet. This article reviews updates on the genetic, clinical, biological and imaging findings of WSS and provides a practical guide to recognize this extremely rare disorder.

Whole exome sequencing and transcript analysis discover a novel pathogenic splice site mutation in DCAF17 gene underlying Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is an extremely rare multisystemic disorder with neuroendocrine dysfunctions. It is characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual disability and progressive extrapyramidal syndrome along with radiological features of small pituitary gland, progressive frontoparietal white matter changes and abnormal accumulation of iron on globus pallidus. WSS is caused by mutations in DCAF17 gene that encodes for DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17. In this study, we report a 17-year-old boy with clinical and radiological features of WSS including mild global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, progressive extrapyramidal syndrome, alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and dysmorphic features. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel potentially pathogenic splice donor site variant (c.458+1G>T) on the intron 4 of DCAF17 gene. Transcript analysis revealed splicing ablation resulting in aberrant splicing of exons 3 and 5 and skipping of exon 4 (c.322_458del). This results in a frameshift and is predicted to cause premature termination of protein synthesis resulting in a protein product of length 120 amino acids (p.[Gly108Ilefs*14]). Our study identified a novel pathogenic variant causing WSS in a patient and expands the spectrum of clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with WSS.