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Malaník M, Čulenová M, Sychrová A, Skiba A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Šmejkal K. Treating Epilepsy with Natural Products: Nonsense or Possibility? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1061. [PMID: 37630977 PMCID: PMC10459181 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to uncontrollable muscle twitching, changes in sensitivity to sensory perceptions, and disorders of consciousness. Although modern medicine has effective antiepileptic drugs, the need for accessible and cost-effective medication is urgent, and products derived from plants could offer a solution. For this review, we have focused on natural compounds that have shown anticonvulsant activity in in vivo models of epilepsy at relevant doses. In some cases, the effects have been confirmed by clinical data. The results of our search are summarized in tables according to their molecular targets. We have critically evaluated the data we present, identified the most promising therapeutic candidates, and discussed these in the text. Their perspectives are supported by both pharmacokinetic properties and potential interactions. This review is intended to serve as a basis for future research into epilepsy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Marie Čulenová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
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Lü J, Jiang C, Schell TD, Joshi M, Raman JD, Xing C. Angelica gigas: Signature Compounds, In Vivo Anticancer, Analgesic, Neuroprotective and Other Activities, and the Clinical Translation Challenges. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1475-1527. [PMID: 35876033 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2250063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root is a medicinal herbal widely used in traditional medicine in Korea. AGN root ethanolic extract dietary supplements are marketed in the United States for memory health and pain management. We comprehensively reviewed the anticancer, analgesic, pro-memory and other bio-activities of AGN extract and its signature phytochemicals decursin, decursinol angelate, and decursinol a decade ago in 2012 and updated their anticancer activities in 2015. In the last decade, significant progress has been made for understanding the pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolism of these compounds in animal models and single dose human PK studies have been published by us and others. In addition to increased knowledge of the known bioactivities, new bioactivities with potential novel health benefits have been reported in animal models of cerebral ischemia/stroke, anxiety, sleep disorder, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and even male infertility. Herein, we will update PK and metabolism of pyranocoumarins, review in vivo bioactivities from animal models and human studies, and critically appraise the relevant active compounds, the cellular and molecular pharmacodynamic targets, and pertinent mechanisms of action. Knowledge gaps include whether human pyranocoumarin PK metrics are AGN dose dependent and subjected to metabolic ceiling, or metabolic adaptation after repeated use. Critical clinical translation challenges include sourcing of AGN extracts, product consistency and quality control, and AGN dose optimization for different health conditions and disease indications. Future research directions are articulated to fill knowledge gaps and address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Lü
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd D Schell
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jay D Raman
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Feng J, Hao Z, Zhang X, Li M, zhong W, Zhang C, Gharawi A, Alrashood ST, Khan HA. Effect of thiamazole on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1840-1846. [PMID: 33732070 PMCID: PMC7938111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) induced epileptic seizures in mice is a commonly used experimental model of epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested the roles of various neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in KA-induced seizures. An important role of hypothyroidism has also been suggested in epilepsy. Thiamazole (TZ) is an anti-hyperthyroid drug with antioxidant property. This study reports the effect of TZ on KA-induced epileptic seizures in mice, produced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of KA (18 mg/kg). Prior to KA injection, the animals were treated with TZ (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg IP). Our results showed that in KA alone group, about half of the animals developed seizures. Pre-treatment of mice with TZ significantly increased the frequency of seizures in dose-dependent manner. Administration of TZ significantly reduced the latency time and aggravated the severity of seizures. TZ also increased the mortality in KA-treated mice. Striatal dopamine and serotonin levels were markedly increased in KA alone treated mice, which were not significantly affected by TZ treatment. Among the indices of oxidative stress, we observed a significant reduction in cerebral vitamin E whereas the levels of cerebral malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes were significantly increased in animals with high severity of seizures. In conclusion, TZ potentiated the frequency and severity of experimental seizure in mice. There is a possibility of altered metabolism of KA in presence of TZ that might have potentiated the toxicity of KA. These findings suggest a caution while administering anti-hyperthyroid drugs in epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of ICU, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Wuzhao zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchang 334 Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330024, China
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China.
| | - Ali Gharawi
- Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lee TK, Kim B, Kim DW, Ahn JH, Sim H, Lee JC, Yang GE, Her Y, Park JH, Kim HS, Sim TH, Lee HS, Won MH. Effects of Decursin and Angelica gigas Nakai Root Extract on Hair Growth in Mouse Dorsal Skin via Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines. Molecules 2020; 25:E3697. [PMID: 32823713 PMCID: PMC7464339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This current study investigates the facilitative effects and mechanisms of decursin, a major component of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), and AGN root extract on hair growth in mice. We perform high-performance liquid chromatography on AGN extract to show it contains 7.3% decursin. Hairs in mouse dorsal skin are shaved distilled in water, 0.15% decursin, and 2% AGN root extract (0.15% decursin in the diluted extract) and topically applied twice a day for 17 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining are done to examine the morphological changes in the hair follicles. To compare the effects of decursin and AGN extract on inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal skin, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-4 and IL-13 as anti-inflammatory cytokines are conducted. The results show that the application of decursin and AGN extract confer effects on hair growth. Hair growth is significantly facilitated from seven days after the treatments compared to that in the control group, and completely grown hair was found 17 days after the treatments. The protein levels and immunoreactivity of TNF-α and IL-1β in this case are significantly decreased, whereas the IL-4 and IL-13 levels and immunoreactivity are significantly increased compared to those in the control group. Additionally, high-mobility group box 1, an inflammatory mediator, is elevated by the topical application of decursin and AGN extract. Taken together, the treatment of mouse dorsal skin with AGE root extract containing decursin promotes hair growth by regulating pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines. We, therefore, suggest that AGN root extract as well as decursin can be utilized as materials for developing hair growth-facilitating treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea;
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (J.H.A.)
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Go Eun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Korea;
| | - Young Her
- Department of Dermatology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Korea;
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea;
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Leefarm Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Gangwon 25117, Korea; (H.S.K.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Tae Heung Sim
- Leefarm Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Gangwon 25117, Korea; (H.S.K.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Hyun Sam Lee
- Leefarm Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Gangwon 25117, Korea; (H.S.K.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Oh ST, Lee S, Hua C, Koo BS, Pak SC, Kim DI, Jeon S, Shin BA. Decursin induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, but not in glial cells via a mitochondria-related caspase pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 23:29-35. [PMID: 30627007 PMCID: PMC6315092 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Decursin is a major biological active component of Angelica gigas Nakai and is known to induce apoptosis of metastatic prostatic cancer cells. Recently, other reports have been commissioned to examine the anticancer activities of this plant. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity and related mechanism of action of decursin against glioblastoma cell line. Decursin demonstrated cytotoxic effects on U87 and C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner but not in primary glial cells. Additionally, decursin increased apoptotic bodies and phosphorylated JNK and p38 in U87 cells. Decursin also down-regulated Bcl-2 as well as cell cycle dependent proteins, CDK-4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, decursin-induced apoptosis was dependent on the caspase activation in U87 cells. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that decursin induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, making it a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug against brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tack Oh
- Research Institute, Dongkwang Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Seoul 04535, Korea
| | - Seongmi Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul 04933, Korea
| | - Cai Hua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795 Australia
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Boo Ahn Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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Zhao Z, He X, Ma C, Wu S, Cuan Y, Sun Y, Bai Y, Huang L, Chen X, Gao T, Zheng X. Excavating Anticonvulsant Compounds from Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:707-737. [PMID: 29737210 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and been widely used in prevention and treatment of epilepsy in China. This paper is intended to review the advances in the active anticonvulsant compounds isolated from herbs in the prescription of TCM in the treatment of epilepsy. These compounds were introduced with the details including classification, CAS number specific structure and druggability data. Meanwhile, much of the research in these compounds in the last two decades has shown that they exhibited favorable pharmacological properties in treatment of epilepsy both in in vivo and in vitro models. In addition, in this present review, the evaluation of the effects of the anticonvulsant classical TCM prescriptions is discussed. According to these rewarding pharmacological effects and chemical substances, the prescription of TCM herbs could be an effective therapeutic strategy for epilepsy patients, and also could be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xirui He
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.,‡ Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Ma
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ye Cuan
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Bai
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.,† College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Huang
- ‡ Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Xufei Chen
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Tian Gao
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
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Fletcher EV, Simon CM, Pagiazitis JG, Chalif JI, Vukojicic A, Drobac E, Wang X, Mentis GZ. Reduced sensory synaptic excitation impairs motor neuron function via Kv2.1 in spinal muscular atrophy. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:905-916. [PMID: 28504671 PMCID: PMC5487291 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral deficits in neurodegenerative diseases are often attributed to the selective dysfunction of vulnerable neurons via cell-autonomous mechanisms. Although vulnerable neurons are embedded in neuronal circuits, the contribution of their synaptic partners to the disease process is largely unknown. Here, we show that in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a reduction in proprioceptive synaptic drive leads to motor neuron dysfunction and motor behavior impairments. In SMA mice or after the blockade of proprioceptive synaptic transmission we observed a decrease in the motor neuron firing which could be explained by the reduction in the expression of the potassium channel Kv2.1 at the surface of motor neurons. Increasing neuronal activity pharmacologically by chronic exposure in vivo led to a normalization of Kv2.1 expression and an improvement in motor function. Our results demonstrate a key role of excitatory synaptic drive in shaping the function of motor neurons during development and the contribution of its disruption to a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Fletcher
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian M Simon
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John G Pagiazitis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vukojicic
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estelle Drobac
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Umpierre AD, Bennett IV, Nebeker LD, Newell TG, Tian BB, Thomson KE, White HS, White JA, Wilcox KS. Repeated low-dose kainate administration in C57BL/6J mice produces temporal lobe epilepsy pathology but infrequent spontaneous seizures. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:116-126. [PMID: 26896834 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More efficient or translationally relevant approaches are needed to model acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in genetically tractable mice. The high costs associated with breeding and maintaining transgenic, knock-in, or knock-out lines place a high value on the efficiency of induction and animal survivability. Herein, we describe our approaches to model acquired epilepsy in C57BL/6J mice using repeated, low-dose kainate (KA) administration paradigms. Four paradigms (i.p.) were tested for their ability to induce status epilepticus (SE), temporal lobe pathology, and the development of epilepsy. All four paradigms reliably induce behavioral and/or electrographic SE without mortality over a 7d period. Two of the four paradigms investigated produce features indicative of TLE pathology, including hippocampal cell death, widespread astrogliosis, and astrocyte expression of mGluR5, a feature commonly reported in TLE models. Three of the investigated paradigms were able to produce aberrant electrographic features, such as interictal spiking in cortex. However, only one paradigm, previously published by others, produces spontaneous recurrent seizures over an eight week period. Presentation of spontaneous seizures is rare (N=2/14), with epilepsy preferentially developing in animals having a high number of seizures during SE. Overall, repeated, low-dose KA administration improves the efficiency and pathological relevance of a systemic KA insult, but does not produce a robust epilepsy phenotype under the experimental paradigms described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Umpierre
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, 401 MREB, 20N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
| | - Isaiah V Bennett
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, 30N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Lismore D Nebeker
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, 30N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Thomas G Newell
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 3211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36S. Wasatch Drive, Rm. 3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Bruce B Tian
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, 30N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Kyle E Thomson
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 3211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36S. Wasatch Drive, Rm. 3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - H Steve White
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, 30N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 3211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357630, H375 Health Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - John A White
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Rm. 403, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, 401 MREB, 20N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, 30N. 1900E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 3211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
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10
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Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxicity Experimental Model: Protective Merits of Natural Products and Plant Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:972623. [PMID: 26793262 PMCID: PMC4697086 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is well recognized as a major pathological process of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases involving the central nervous system (CNS). In the animal models of neurodegeneration, excitotoxicity is commonly induced experimentally by chemical convulsants, particularly kainic acid (KA). KA-induced excitotoxicity in rodent models has been shown to result in seizures, behavioral changes, oxidative stress, glial activation, inflammatory mediator production, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and selective neurodegeneration in the brain upon KA administration. Recently, there is an emerging trend to search for natural sources to combat against excitotoxicity-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Natural products and plant extracts had attracted a considerable amount of attention because of their reported beneficial effects on the CNS, particularly their neuroprotective effect against excitotoxicity. They provide significant reduction and/or protection against the development and progression of acute and chronic neurodegeneration. This indicates that natural products and plants extracts may be useful in protecting against excitotoxicity-associated neurodegeneration. Thus, targeting of multiple pathways simultaneously may be the strategy to maximize the neuroprotection effect. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in KA-induced excitotoxicity and attempts to collate the various researches related to the protective effect of natural products and plant extracts in the KA model of neurodegeneration.
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