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Marchal V, Sellers J, Pélégrini-Issac M, Galléa C, Bertasi E, Valabrègue R, Lau B, Leboucher P, Bardinet E, Welter ML, Karachi C. Deep brain activation patterns involved in virtual gait without and with a doorway: An fMRI study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223494. [PMID: 31634356 PMCID: PMC6802850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gait program involves many brain areas such as motor cortices, cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), which contains the pedunculopontine (PPN) and cuneiform (CN) nuclei, is thought to be one of the key supraspinal gait generators. In daily life activities, gait primarily occurs in complex conditions, such as through narrow spaces, or while changing direction or performing motor or cognitive tasks. Here, we aim to explore the activity of these subcortical brain areas while walking through narrow spaces, using functional MRI in healthy volunteers and designing a virtual reality task mimicking walking down a hallway, without and with an open doorway to walk through. As a control, we used a virtual moving walkway in the same environment. Twenty healthy volunteers were scanned. Fifteen subjects were selected for second level analysis based on their ability to activate motor cortices. Using the contrast Gait versus Walkway, we found activated clusters in motor cortices, cerebellum, red nucleus, thalamus, and the left MLR including the CN and PPN. Using the contrast Gait with Doorway versus Walkway with Doorway, we found activated clusters in motor cortices, left putamen, left internal pallidum, left substantia nigra, right subthalamic area, and bilateral MLR involving the CN and PPN. Our results suggest that unobstructed gait involves a motor network including the PPN whereas gait through a narrow space requires the additional participation of basal ganglia and bilateral MLR, which may encode environmental cues to adapt locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Marchal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Jason Sellers
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Galléa
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Eric Bertasi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de recherche (CENIR), ICM, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de recherche (CENIR), ICM, Paris, France
| | - Brian Lau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Leboucher
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Plateforme PRISME, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de recherche (CENIR), ICM, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie-Laure Welter
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Service de Neurophysiologie, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, CNRS, INSERM, AP HP GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Fuchigami T, Morioka S. Differences between the Influence of Observing One's Own Movements and Those of Others in Patients with Stroke. Stroke Res Treat 2019; 2019:3083248. [PMID: 31354933 PMCID: PMC6633964 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3083248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate differences between the influence of observing one's own actions and those of others in patients with stroke with hemiplegia. Thirty-four patients with stroke who had experienced a right or left hemispheric lesion (RHL: n = 17; LHL: n = 17) participated in this study. Participants viewed video clips (0.5× speed) of their own stepping movements (SO) as well as those of others (OO). After viewing the video clips, participants were asked to evaluate the vividness of the mental image of the observed stepping movement using a five-point scale, in accordance with that utilized in the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). We also examined changes in imagery and execution times following action observation. When all patients were considered, there were no significant differences between SO and OO conditions. However, in the RHL subgroup, KVIQ kinesthetic subscore and changes in imagery and execution times were greater in the OO condition than in the SO condition. In the LHL subgroup, changes in imagery times were greater in the SO condition than in the OO condition. These findings indicated that viewing the movements of others led to more vivid imagery and alteration in performance in patients with right-sided stroke, when compared to viewing one's own movements. Therefore, the present study suggests that clinicians should consider the side of the damaged hemisphere when implementing action observation therapy for patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kishiwada Rehabilitation Hospital, Kishiwada 596-0827, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara 635-0832, Japan
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