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Erbeli F, Peng P, Rice M. No Evidence of Creative Benefit Accompanying Dyslexia: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2022; 55:242-253. [PMID: 33899570 DOI: 10.1177/00222194211010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on the question of creative benefit accompanying dyslexia has produced conflicting findings. In this meta-analysis, we determined summary effects of mean and variance differences in creativity between groups with and without dyslexia. Twenty studies were included (n = 770 individuals with dyslexia, n = 1,671 controls). A random-effects robust variance estimation (RVE) analysis indicated no mean (g = -0.02, p = .84) or variance (g = -0.0004, p = .99) differences in creativity between groups. The mean summary effect was moderated by age, gender, and creativity domain. Compared with adolescents, adults with dyslexia showed an advantage over nondyslexic adults in creativity. In addition, a higher proportion of males in the dyslexia group was associated with poorer performance compared with the controls. Finally, the dyslexia group showed a significant performance disadvantage in verbal versus figural creativity. Regarding variance differences, they varied across age and creativity domains. Compared with adults, adolescents showed smaller variability in the dyslexia group. If the creativity task measured verbal versus figural or combined creativity, the dyslexia group exhibited smaller variability. Altogether, our results suggest that individuals with dyslexia as a group are no more creative or show greater variability in creativity than peers without dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Peng
- The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Liu LY, Lu Y, Shen L, Li CB, Yu JT, Yuan CR, Ye KX, Chao YX, Shen QF, Mahendran R, Kua EH, Yu DH, Feng L. Prevalence, risk and protective factors for mild cognitive impairment in a population-based study of Singaporean elderly. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:111-117. [PMID: 34894520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia has been widely reported, and its potential risk and protective factors are well-characterized. However, there is a scarcity of related information regarding mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus this population-based study aimed to determine the prevalences of MCI and its subtypes, as well as to identify the risk and protective factors for MCI in the Chinese elderly population of Singapore. Results showed that the overall prevalence of MCI was 12.5%, while the gender-adjusted prevalence of MCI was 12.3%. Gender was found to be significantly associated with the subtypes of MCI, with males more likely to have amnestic MCI and females more likely to have non-amnestic MCI. Older age, lower educational levels, lower social activity levels, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and stroke were found to be risk factors for MCI in univariate analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed that only hypertension and stroke were the significant risk factors for MCI. Higher educational levels and active social engagements were significant protective factors for MCI in multivariable analysis. Age and depression had boundary significant associations with the prevalence of MCI. After adjusting for gender, the influence of hypertension, stroke, social engagement, age and depression on MCI remained unchanged, except that education became a boundary significant lower risk factor of MCI development. In conclusion, this study presented the prevalence, risk and protective factors for MCI among Singaporean Chinese older adults, which facilitates the screening of vulnerable groups for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Bo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chua Ru Yuan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Xia Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Academic Development Department, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Feng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Xuzhou Oriental People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Hua Yu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Academic Department of General Practice, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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