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Qiu J, Li Z, An K, Niu L, Huang H, Xu F. Thermo-Chemical Resistance to Combination Therapy of Glioma Depends on Cellular Energy Level. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39053-39063. [PMID: 37552210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermal therapy has been widely used in clinical tumor treatment and more recently in combination with chemotherapy, where the key challenge is the treatment resistance. The mechanism at the cellular level underlying the resistance to thermo-chemical combination therapy remains elusive. In this study, we constructed 3D culture models for glioma cells (i.e., 3D glioma spheres) as the model system to recapitulate the native tumor microenvironment and systematically investigated the thermal response of 3D glioma spheres at different hyperthermic temperatures. We found that 3D glioma spheres show high viability under hyperthermia, especially under high hyperthermic temperatures (42 °C). Further study revealed that the main mechanism lies in the high energy level of cells in 3D glioma spheres under hyperthermia, which enables the cells to respond promptly to thermal stimulation and maintain cellular viability by upregulating the chaperon protein Hsp70 and the anti-apoptotic pathway AKT. Besides, we also demonstrated that 3D glioma spheres show strong drug resistance to the thermo-chemical combination therapy. This study provides a new perspective on understanding the thermal response of combination therapy for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Qiu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Keli An
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lele Niu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haishui Huang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Kim H, Kim J, Kim J, Oh S, Choi K, Yoon J. Magnetothermal-based non-invasive focused magnetic stimulation for functional recovery in chronic stroke treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4988. [PMID: 36973390 PMCID: PMC10042827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic heat-based brain stimulation of specific lesions could promote the restoration of impaired motor function caused by chronic stroke. We delivered localized stimulation by nanoparticle-mediated heat generation within the targeted brain area via focused magnetic stimulation. The middle cerebral artery occlusion model was prepared, and functional recovery in the chronic-phase stroke rat model was demonstrated by the therapeutic application of focused magnetic stimulation. We observed a transient increase in blood-brain barrier permeability at the target site of < 4 mm and metabolic brain activation at the target lesion. After focused magnetic stimulation, the rotarod score increased by 390 ± 28% (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Standardized uptake value in the focused magnetic stimulation group increased by 2063 ± 748% (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, an increase by 24 ± 5% (p < 0.05) was observed in the sham group as well. Our results show that non-invasive focused magnetic stimulation can safely modulate BBB permeability and enhance neural activation for chronic-phase stroke treatment in the targeted deep brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohyeon Kim
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Jahae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicines, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Seungjun Oh
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Kangho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue-Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:475-494. [PMID: 34716556 PMCID: PMC8786781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord induces inflammatory pain with symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Glial activation and production of inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines) is associated with modulation of nociceptive signalling. In this context, medicinal signalling cells, e.g. obtained from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), gained attention due to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response in several diseases, e.g. spinal cord injury. We applied the recently established mixed neuroglial primary cell culture of the rat SDH to investigate effects of AdMSCs on the inflammatory response of SDH cells. Following establishment of a co-cultivation system, we performed specific bioassays for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in cytokine production and glial activation upon inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) by SDH cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of AdMSCs. Further evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of AdMSCs derived from a blunted LPS-induced TNFα/IL-10 expression ratio and suppressed nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in SDH microglial cells. Expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was detected in AdMSCs, which are putative candidates for anti-inflammatory capacities of these cells. We present a novel co-cultivation system of AdMSCs with neuroglial primary cultures of the SDH to investigate immunomodulatory effects of AdMSCs at a cellular level.
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Leisengang S, Nürnberger F, Ott D, Murgott J, Gerstberger R, Rummel C, Roth J. Primary culture of the rat spinal dorsal horn: a tool to investigate the effects of inflammatory stimulation on the afferent somatosensory system. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1769-1782. [PMID: 33098464 PMCID: PMC7691309 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One maladaptive consequence of inflammatory stimulation of the afferent somatosensory system is the manifestation of inflammatory pain. We established and characterized a neuroglial primary culture of the rat superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord to test responses of this structure to neurochemical, somatosensory, or inflammatory stimulation. Primary cultures of the rat SDH consist of neurons (43%), oligodendrocytes (35%), astrocytes (13%), and microglial cells (9%). Neurons of the SDH responded to cooling (7%), heating (18%), glutamate (80%), substance P (43%), prostaglandin E2 (8%), and KCl (100%) with transient increases in the intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Short-term stimulation of SDH primary cultures with LPS (10 μg/ml, 2 h) caused increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory transcription factors, and inducible enzymes responsible for inflammatory prostaglandin E2 synthesis. At the protein level, increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated SDH cultures and enhanced TNFα and IL-6 immunoreactivity was observed specifically in microglial cells. LPS-exposed microglial cells further showed increased nuclear immunoreactivity for the inflammatory transcription factors NFκB, NF-IL6, and pCREB, indicative of their activation. The short-term exposure to LPS further caused a reduction in the strength of substance P as opposed to glutamate-evoked Ca2+-signals in SDH neurons. However, long-term stimulation with a low dose of LPS (0.01 μg/ml, 24 h) resulted in a significant enhancement of glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients in SDH neurons, while substance P-evoked Ca2+ signals were not influenced. Our data suggest a critical role for microglial cells in the initiation of inflammatory processes within the SDH of the spinal cord, which are accompanied by a modulation of neuronal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Leisengang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franz Nürnberger
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Murgott
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Neurons and astrocytes of the chicken hypothalamus directly respond to lipopolysaccharide and chicken interleukin-6. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:75-85. [PMID: 31960172 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In 4-5-month-old chicken, intravenous injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a dose-dependent fever response and a pronounced increase of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6). To assess a possible role for IL-6 in the brain of birds, a hypothalamic neuro-glial primary culture from 1-day-old chicken was established. Each well of cultured hypothalamic cells contained some 615 neurons, 1350 astrocytes, and 580 microglial cells on average. Incubation of chicken hypothalamic primary cultures with 10 or 100 µg/ml LPS induced a dose-dependent release of bioactive IL-6 into the supernatant. Populations of hypothalamic neurons (4%) and astrocytes (12%) directly responded to superfusion with buffer containing 10 µg/ml LPS with a transient increase of intracellular calcium, a sign of direct cellular activation. Stimulation of hypothalamic cultures with buffer containing 50 ng/ml chicken IL-6 induced calcium signaling in 11% of neurons and 22% of astrocytes investigated. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is produced in the periphery and in the hypothalamus in response to LPS in chicken. The observed cellular responses of hypothalamic cells to chicken IL-6 indicate that this cytokine may readily be involved in the manifestation of fever in the avian hypothalamus.
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