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Yuan H, Yang S, Han P, Sun M, Zhou C. Drug target genes and molecular mechanism investigation in isoflurane-induced anesthesia based on WGCNA and machine learning methods. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:319-333. [PMID: 38054380 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2286619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to identify drug target genes and their associated molecular mechanisms during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in clinical applications. METHODS Microarray data (ID: GSE64617; isoflurane-treated vs. normal samples) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and hub genes were investigated using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were constructed among the co-DEGs (common genes between DEGs and hub genes), followed by functional enrichment analyses. Then, three machine learning methods were used to reveal drug targets, followed by validation, nomogram analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Finally, an miRNA-target network was constructed. RESULTS A total of 686 DEGs were identified between the two groups-of which, 183 DEGs integrated with genes revealed by WCGNA were identified as co-genes. These genes, including contactin-associated protein 1 (CNTNAP1), are mainly involved in functions such as action potentials. PPI network analysis revealed three models, with the machine learning analysis exploring four drug target genes: A2H, FAM155B, SCARF2, and SDR16C5. ROC and nomogram analyses demonstrated the ideal diagnostic value of these target genes. Finally, miRNA-mRNA pairs were constructed based on the four mRNAs and associated 174 miRNAs. CONCLUSION FA2H, FAM155B, SCARF2, and SDR16C5 may be novel drug target genes for isoflurane-induced anesthesia. CNTNAP1 may participate in the progression of isoflurane-induced anesthesia via its action potential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shengqiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mingya Sun
- Taian City Taishan District Dai Temple Community Health Service Center, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
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Zhang MM, Zhang MZ, Wei Y, Lu YC, Wang J, Yang SM, Zhu Z, Chen Q, Zhao M, Dong J, Yang X, Yang K. Postsynaptic glutamate response downregulates within presynaptic exaggerated glutamate release by activating TRPV1 in the spinal dorsal horn. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 625:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao M, Shao C, Dong J, Chen Q, Ma R, Jiang P, Zhang WN, Yang K. GABA B receptors constrain glutamate presynaptic release and postsynaptic actions in substantia gelatinosa of rat spinal cord. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1893-1905. [PMID: 35318502 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG, lamina II of spinal cord gray matter) is pivotal for modulating nociceptive information from the peripheral to the central nervous system. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B receptors (GABABRs), the metabotropic GABA receptor subtype, are widely expressed in pre- and postsynaptic structures of the SG. Activation of GABABRs by exogenous agonists induces both pre- and postsynaptic inhibition. However, the actions of endogenous GABA via presynaptic GABABRs on glutamatergic synapses, and the postsynaptic GABABRs interaction with glutamate, remain elusive. In the present study, first, using in vitro whole-cell recordings and taking minimal stimulation strategies, we found that in rat spinal cord glutamatergic synapses, blockade of presynaptic GABABRs switched "silent" synapses into active ones and increased the probability of glutamate release onto SG neurons; increasing ambient GABA concentration mimicked GABABRs activation on glutamatergic terminals. Next, using holographic photostimulation to uncage glutamate on postsynaptic SG neurons, we found that postsynaptic GABABRs modified glutamate-induced postsynaptic potentials. Taken together, our data identify that endogenous GABA heterosynaptically constrains glutamate release via persistently activating presynaptic GABABRs; and postsynaptically, GABABRs modulate glutamate responses. The results give new clues for endogenous GABA in modulating the nociception circuit of the spinal dorsal horn and shed fresh light on the postsynaptic interaction of glutamate and GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caifeng Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxue Dong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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