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Du Y, Guo T, Hao Y, Li C, Tang L, Li X, Zhang X, Li L, Yao D, Xu X, Si H, Zhang J, Zhao N, Yu T, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Xu H. PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5511-5527. [PMID: 38938161 PMCID: PMC11350009 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the role of a novel type of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) in the neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We analyzed PKCδ and inflammatory cytokines levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD and normal controls, as well as their correlations. The cellular expression pattern of PKCδ and the effects of PKCδ modulation on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS PKCδ levels were increased dramatically in the CSF of AD patients and positively correlated with cytokines. PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increased PKCδ expression and secretion, which led to upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuated Aβ-induced microglial responses and improved cognitive function in an AD mouse model. DISCUSSION Our study identifies PKCδ as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and positively correlate with elevated inflammatory cytokines in human subjects. PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in vivo, whereas amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increases PKCδ expression and secretion, causing upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and production of inflammatory cytokines. Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuates Aβ-enhanced NF-κB signaling and cytokine production in microglia and improves cognitive function in AD mice. PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Center for Brain Sciencesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yunfeng Hao
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Linghui Tang
- Center for Brain Sciencesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xia Li
- Department of AnatomyHistology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research CentreFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lin Li
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xia Xu
- Center for Brain Sciencesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Huaxing Si
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Nana Zhao
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Neurologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxiChina
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciencesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyTangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciencesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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Su L, Guo P, Guo X, He Z, Zhao Y, Zong Y, Li J, Chen W, DU R. Paeoniflorin alleviates depression by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via promoting mitochondrial autophagy. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:515-529. [PMID: 38906599 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Depression ranks among the most common neuropsychiatric disorders globally. Current studies examining the roles of inflammation and mitochondrial autophagy in the antidepressant efficacy of paeoniflorin (PF) are sparse. This study aimed to elucidate PF's antidepressant mechanism by promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation using chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS)-induced C57BL/6 mouse models in vivo and corticosterone (CORT)-induced HT22 cell models in vitro. Results demonstrated that PF enhanced the viability of HT22 cells following CORT exposure, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, increased LC3 fluorescence intensity, and suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion and inflammation activation. Additionally, PF ameliorated depressive behaviors induced by CUMS and improved damage in hippocampal neurons. It also reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, PF upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the hippocampus, facilitating the clearance of damaged mitochondria and enhancing autophagy. The role of autophagy in PF's antidepressant effects was further confirmed through the use of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), which reduced the efficacy of PF. In conclusion, PF effectively improved depressive behaviors in CUMS-induced mice and reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, likely via the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Pengli Guo
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiangjuan Guo
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui DU
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China.
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Lyu S, Zhang CS, Mao Z, Guo X, Li Z, Luo X, Sun J, Su Q. Real-world Chinese herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease: a hospital-based retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1362948. [PMID: 38756536 PMCID: PMC11096516 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1362948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition. Chinese medicine therapies have demonstrated effectiveness for PD in controlled settings. However, the utilization of Chinese medicine therapies for PD in real-world clinical practice and the characteristics of patients seeking these therapies have not been thoroughly summarized. Method The study retrospectively analyzed initial patient encounters (PEs) with a first-listed diagnosis of PD, based on electronic medical records from Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between July 2018 and July 2023. Results A total of 3,206 PEs, each corresponding to an individual patient, were eligible for analyses. Approximately 60% of patients made initial visits to the Chinese medicine hospital after receiving a PD diagnosis, around 4.59 years after the onset of motor symptoms. Over 75% of the patients visited the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic at their initial visits, while a mere 13.85% visited PD Chronic Care Clinic. Rest tremor (61.98%) and bradykinesia (52.34%) are the most commonly reported motor symptoms, followed by rigidity (40.70%). The most commonly recorded non-motor symptoms included constipation (31.88%) and sleep disturbance (25.27%). Integration of Chinese medicine and conventional medicine therapies was the most common treatment method (39.15%), followed by single use of Chinese herbal medicine (27.14%). The most frequently prescribed herbs for PD included Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (gan cao), Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (huang qi), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (bai zhu), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (dang gui), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (di huang), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (bai shao), Bupleurum chinense DC. (chai hu), Citrus aurantium L. (zhi qiao/zhi shi/chen pi), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (ren shen), and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (fu ling). These herbs contribute to formulation of Bu zhong yi qi tang (BZYQT). Conclusion Patients typically initiated Chinese medical care after the establishment of PD diagnosis, ~4.59 years post-onset of motor symptoms. The prevalent utilization of CHM decoctions and patented Chinese herbal medicine products, underscores its potential in addressing both motor and non-motor symptoms. Despite available evidence, rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate and optimize the integration of CHM, particularly BZYQT, into therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Lyu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claire Shuiqing Zhang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhenhui Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xu SY, Cao HY, Yang RH, Xu RX, Zhu XY, Ma W, Liu XB, Yan XY, Fu P. Genus Paeonia monoterpene glycosides: A systematic review on their pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155483. [PMID: 38432036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Paeonia, which is the main source of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao in Chinese), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao in Chinese) and Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi in Chinese), is rich in active pharmaceutical ingredient such as monoterpenoid glycosides (MPGs). MPGs from Paeonia have extensive pharmacological effects, but the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of MPGs has not been comprehensively reviewed. PURPOSE MPGs compounds are one of the main chemical components of the genus Paeonia, with a wide variety of compounds and strong pharmacological activities, and the structure of the mother nucleus-pinane skeleton is similar to that of a cage. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of MPGs from 2012 to 2023, providing reference direction for the development and utilization of Paeonia resources and preclinical research. METHODS Keywords and phrases are widely used in database searches, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and X-Mol to search for citations related to the new compounds, extensive pharmacological research and molecular mechanisms of MPGs compounds of genus Paeonia. RESULTS Modern research confirms that MPGs are the main compounds in Paeonia that exert pharmacological effects. MPGs with extensive pharmacological characteristics are mainly concentrated in two categories: paeoniflorin derivatives and albiflflorin derivatives among MPGs, which contains 32 compounds. Among them, 5 components including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, 6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin and paeoniflorigenone have been extensively studied, while the other 28 components have only been confirmed to have a certain degree of anti-inflammatory and anticomplementary effects. Studies of pharmacological effects are widely involved in nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, immune system, etc., and some studies have identified clear mechanisms. MPGs exert pharmacological activity through multilateral mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of cell apoptosis, regulation of brain gut axis, regulation of gut microbiota and downregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, etc. CONCLUSION: This systematic review delved into the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of MPGs. However, there are still some compounds in MPGs whose pharmacological effects and pharmacological mechanisms have not been clarified. In addition, extensive clinical randomized trials are needed to verify the efficacy and dosage of MPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui-Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui-Hong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rong-Xue Xu
- The Health Center of Longjiang Airlines, Harbin 150000, China; Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161003, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Peng Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Liang H, Ma Z, Zhong W, Liu J, Sugimoto K, Chen H. Regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function: Natural compounds as potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1838-1862. [PMID: 38356178 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that mitochondrial-targeted treatments could hold promise as disease-modifying approaches for PD. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate mitochondrial-related processes. In this review article, we discussed the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of natural compounds against PD in modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function. A comprehensive literature search on natural compounds related to the treatment of PD by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception until April 2023. We summarize recent advancements in mitophagy's molecular mechanisms, including upstream and downstream processes, and its relationship with PD-related genes or proteins. Importantly, we highlight how natural compounds can therapeutically regulate various mitochondrial processes through multiple targets and pathways to alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Lewy's body aggregation and apoptosis, which are key contributors to PD pathogenesis. Unlike the single-target strategy of modern medicine, natural compounds provide neuroprotection against PD by modulating various mitochondrial-related processes, including ameliorating mitophagy by targeting the PINK1/parkin pathway, the NIX/BNIP3 pathway, and autophagosome formation (i.e., LC3 and p62). Given the prevalence of mitochondrial damage in various neurodegenerative diseases, exploring the exact mechanism of natural compounds on mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction could shed light on the development of highly effective disease-modifying or adjuvant therapies targeting PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwang Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of TCM Geriatric, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Sun C, Zhang J, Hu L, Yu Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Chen J, Wu M, Liu L. Protective effects of paeoniflorin on cardiovascular diseases: A pharmacological and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122969. [PMID: 37324475 PMCID: PMC10267833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and ethnopharmacological relevance: The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the highest of all diseases, necessitating the search for effective drugs and the improvement of prognosis for CVD patients. Paeoniflorin (5beta-[(Benzoyloxy)methyl] tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,5-methano-1H-3,4-dioxacyclobuta [cd] pentalen-1alpha (2H)-yl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, C23H28O11) is mostly derived from the plants of the family Paeoniaceae (a single genus family) and is known to possess multiple pharmacological properties in the treatment of CVDs, making it a promising agent for the protection of the cardiovascular system. Aim of the study: This review evaluates the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of paeoniflorin in the treatment of CVDs, with the aim of advancing its further development and application. Methods: Various relevant literatures were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science. All eligible studies were analyzed and summarized in this review. Results: Paeoniflorin is a natural drug with great potential for development, which can protect the cardiovascular system by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-arteriosclerotic activities, improving cardiac function, and inhibiting cardiac remodeling. However, paeoniflorin was found to have low bioavailability, and its toxicology and safety must be further studied and analyzed, and clinical studies related to it must be carried out. Conclusion: Before paeoniflorin can be used as an effective therapeutic drug for CVDs, further in-depth experimental research, clinical trials, and structural modifications or development of new preparations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lanqing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Paeoniflorin protects 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2023; 34:255-266. [PMID: 36881748 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. METHODS The effects of paeoniflorin on motor function in mice were evaluated by behavioral test. Then substantia nigra of mice were collected and neuronal damage was assessed using Nissl staining. Positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione were measured by biochemical method. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to detect apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bax and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS Paeoniflorin treatment significantly ameliorated the motor performance impairment in MPTP-induced PD mice. Moreover, it notably increased the positive expression rate of TH and reduced the damage and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, paeoniflorin increased the levels of SOD and glutathione and decreased the malondialdehyde content. It also promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased the protein and mRNA expressions of HO-1 and Bcl-2 and reduced the protein and mRNA expressions of BCL2-Associated X2 (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3. Treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385, notably reduced the effects of paeoniflorin in MPTP-induced PD mice. CONCLUSIONS Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin in MPTP-induced PD mice may be mediated via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Liu J, Liu S, Hao L, Liu F, Mu S, Wang T. Uncovering the mechanism of Radix Paeoniae Alba in the treatment of restless legs syndrome based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31791. [PMID: 36401463 PMCID: PMC9678500 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological motor disorder with a high prevalence. The treatment efficacy of RLS is unsatisfactory. Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) can effectively treat RLS symptoms such as the discomfort of the legs. RPA has great potential for the development of new medications for RLS. Hence, we explored the mechanism of RPA in the treatment of RLS using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components and targets of RPA were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database and analysis platform and PharmMapper platform. The RLS-related targets were found in GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and DisGeNET databases. The overlapping targets of RPA and RLS were then collected. The "active components-overlapping targets" network was built, and network topology analysis was performed. Furthermore, Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to screen the key components of RPA in the treatment of RLS. Protein-protein interaction was performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The gene ontology functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways were analyzed using ClusterProfiler, PathView, and other R packages to reveal the main mechanism of RPA in treating RLS. Component and protein structures were downloaded from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology and Protein Data Bank databases, respectively. The AutoDock 4.2.6 software was used for molecular docking. A total of 12 active components and 109 targets of RPA, as well as 2387 RLS-related targets, were collected. Following that, 47 overlapping targets were obtained. Furthermore, 5 key components and 12 core targets were screened. The results of gene ontology functions were as follows: 2368 biological processes, 264 molecular functions, and 164 cellular components. A total of 207 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways were obtained, including the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, the endocrine resistance pathway, the prolactin signaling pathway, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. The components and the core targets completed molecular docking stably. RPA has multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics in treating RLS, which could provide a basis for future research and improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liansheng Hao
- Department 2 of Bone Trauma, Liaocheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkai Mu
- Department 2 of Bone Trauma, Liaocheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * Correspondence: Tengteng Wang, Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China (e-mail: )
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Jo HG, Seo J, Lee D. Clinical evidence construction of East Asian herbal medicine for inflammatory pain in rheumatoid arthritis based on integrative data mining approach. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106460. [PMID: 36152738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to a significant social burden. East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) has long been used to treat RA. Therefore, a systematic study of how EAHM treatments can be developed into new drugs using specific materials is needed. METHODS Eleven databases containing literature in English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing EAHM with conventional medicine (CM). A meta-analysis was performed on the variable data to assess their effects on inflammatory pain. Subsequently, we searched for core materials and combinations of core material-based data mining methods. RESULTS A total of 186 trials involving 19,716 patients with RA met the inclusion criteria. According to the meta-analysis, EAHM had a significantly superior effect on continuous pain intensity, tender joint count, and response rate. Patients treated with EAHM had a significantly reduced incidence of adverse events compared with those treated with CM. Based on additional analysis of the EAHM formula data included in this meta-analysis, 21 core materials and five core herbal combinations were identified. CONCLUSION EAHM remedies for RA have the adequate potential for use as candidate materials for treating inflammatory pain in RA. The candidate core herbs evaluated in this study act on multiple pathways and are expected to provide pain relief, sustained inflammation suppression, immune regulation, and prevention of joint destruction. It seems worthwhile to conduct follow-up research on drug development using the core materials derived from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Geun Jo
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihye Seo
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- BS Healthcare Co., Ltd., 11 Teheran-ro 33-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06141, Republic of Korea; Allbarun Kyunghee Korean Medicine Clinic, 18, Pungmu-ro 146-gil, Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chen J, Xu J, Huang P, Luo Y, Shi Y, Ma P. The potential applications of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease: A new opportunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112866. [PMID: 35367767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) presents a common challenge for people all over the world and has become a major research hotspot due to the large population affected by the illness and the difficulty of clinical treatment. The prevalence of PD is increasing every year, the pathogenesis is complex, and the current treatment is ineffective. Therefore, it has become imperative to find effective drugs for PD. With the advantages of low cost, high safety and high biological activity, Chinese medicine has great advantages in the prevention and treatment of PD. This review systematically summarizes the potential of Chinese medicine for the treatment of PD, showing that Chinese medicine can exert anti-PD effects through various pathways, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron death, and regulating intestinal flora. These mainly involve HMGB1/TLR4, PI3K/Akt, NLRP3/ caspase-1/IL-1β, Nrf2/HO-1, SIRT1/Akt1, PINK1/parkin, Bcl-2/Bax, BDNF-TrkB and other signaling pathways. In sum, based on modern phytochemistry, pharmacology and genomic proteomics, Chinese medicine is likely to be a potential candidate for PD treatment, which requires more clinical trials to further elucidate its importance in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jingke Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yining Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuanshu Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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11
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Wang D, Zhao L, Hao Z, Huang Y, Liao Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Cao S, Liu L. High-Throughput and Untargeted Metabolic Profiling Revealed the Potential Effect and Mechanisms of Paeoniflorin in Young Asthmatic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829780. [PMID: 35211022 PMCID: PMC8861441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is a multi-target monoterpenoid glycoside and possesses broad pharmacological functions, e.g., anti-inflammation, anti-depression, antitumor, abirritation, neuroprotection, antioxidant, and enhancing cognitive and learning ability. PF has gained a large amount of attention for its effect on asthma disease as the growth rate of asthma has increased in recent years. However, its mechanism of action on asthma is still unclear. In this study, we have explored the action mechanism of PF on asthma disease. Furthermore, high-throughput untargeted metabolic profiling was performed through ultraperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (QA) UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with pattern recognition approaches and pathway analysis. A total of 20 potential biomarkers were discovered by UPLC/MS and urine metabolic profiling. The key pathways including the citrate cycle (the TCA cycle), pyrimidine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, tyrosine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were affected by PF. In conclusion, we have discovered metabolite biomarkers and revealed the therapeutic mechanism of PF based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomics. The untargeted metabolomics combined with UPLC-MS is a useful tool for exploring the therapeutic mechanism and targets of PF in the treatment of asthma. Metabolomics combined with UPLC-MS is an integrated method to explore the metabolic mechanism of PF in the treatment of asthma rats and to reveal the potential targets, providing theoretical support for the study of the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Sanya, China
| | - Zhiyan Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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