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Sultana R, Butterfield DA. Protein Oxidation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:574. [PMID: 38790679 PMCID: PMC11117785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are essential molecules that play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and carrying out biological functions such as catalyzing biochemical reactions, structural proteins, immune response, etc. However, proteins also are highly susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In this review, we summarize the role of protein oxidation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major emphasis of this review article is on the carbonylation and nitration of proteins in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The oxidatively modified proteins showed a strong correlation with the reported changes in brain structure, carbohydrate metabolism, synaptic transmission, cellular energetics, etc., of both MCI and AD brains compared to the controls. Some proteins were found to be common targets of oxidation and were observed during the early stages of AD, suggesting that those changes might be critical in the onset of symptoms and/or formation of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the role of protein oxidation and nitration in the progression and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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2
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Du Z, Nam E, Lin Y, Hong M, Molnár T, Kondo I, Ishimori K, Baik MH, Lee YH, Lim MH. Unveiling the impact of oxidation-driven endogenous protein interactions on the dynamics of amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5340-5349. [PMID: 37234895 PMCID: PMC10208028 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a multifunctional protein with a crucial role in controlling cell fate, has been implicated in the amyloid pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the interaction between Cyt c and amyloid-β (Aβ) with the consequent impact on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ is not known. Here we report that Cyt c can directly bind to Aβ and alter the aggregation and toxicity profiles of Aβ in a manner that is dependent on the presence of a peroxide. When combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Cyt c redirects Aβ peptides into less toxic, off-pathway amorphous aggregates, whereas without H2O2, it promotes Aβ fibrillization. The mechanisms behind these effects may involve a combination of the complexation between Cyt c and Aβ, the oxidation of Aβ by Cyt c and H2O2, and the modification of Cyt c by H2O2. Our findings demonstrate a new function of Cyt c as a modulator against Aβ amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Du
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 PR China
| | - Eunju Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ikufumi Kondo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu 41068 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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3
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Zakharova NV, Kononikhin AS, Indeykina MI, Bugrova AE, Strelnikova P, Pekov S, Kozin SA, Popov IA, Mitkevich V, Makarov AA, Nikolaev EN. Mass spectrometric studies of the variety of beta-amyloid proteoforms in Alzheimer's disease. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21775. [PMID: 35347731 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the results of the application of mass spectrometric (MS) techniques to study the diversity of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in human samples. Since Aβ is an important hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a socially significant neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly worldwide, analysis of its endogenous variations is of particular importance for elucidating the pathogenesis of AD, predicting increased risks of the disease onset, and developing effective therapy. MS approaches have no alternative for the study of complex samples, including a wide variety of Aβ proteoforms, differing in length and modifications. Approaches based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem MS are most common in Aβ studies. However, Aβ forms with isomerized and/or racemized Asp and Ser residues require the use of special methods for separation and extra sensitive and selective methods for detection. Overall, this review summarizes current knowledge of Aβ species found in human brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood plasma; focuses on application of different MS approaches for Aβ studies; and considers the potential of MS techniques for further studies of Aβ-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zakharova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kononikhin
- CMCB, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I Indeykina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Bugrova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- CMCB, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Strelnikova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav Pekov
- CMCB, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physics, V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Ikeda T, Hori Y, Sohma Y, Kanai M, Tomita T. Photo-Oxygenation: An Innovative New Therapeutic Approach Against Amyloidoses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1339:415-422. [PMID: 35023134 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many types of amyloidoses are pathologically characterized by the deposition of amyloid, which is comprised of fibrils formed by abnormally aggregated proteins, in various peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are well-known CNS amyloidoses that are characterized by amyloid deposition both inside and outside of cells. The amyloidogenic proteins of each disease have distinct primary sequences, and they normally function as soluble proteins. However, these proteins all aggregate and form amyloid with a common intermolecular tertiary structure, namely, a cross-β-sheet structure, finally leading to the onset of each disease. Therefore, inhibition of the aggregation of amyloid proteins or efficient clearance of the already formed amyloids are thought to be promising therapeutic strategies against amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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The Dynamics of β-Amyloid Proteoforms Accumulation in the Brain of a 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010027. [PMID: 35008451 PMCID: PMC8745018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the deposition of a 39- to 42-amino acid long β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the form of senile plaques. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the N-terminal domain have been shown to increase the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ, and specific Aβ proteoforms (e.g., Aβ with isomerized D7 (isoD7-Aβ)) are abundant in the senile plaques of AD patients. Animal models are indispensable tools for the study of disease pathogenesis, as well as preclinical testing. In the presented work, the accumulation dynamics of Aβ proteoforms in the brain of one of the most widely used amyloid-based mouse models (the 5xFAD line) was monitored. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, based on ion mobility separation and the characteristic fragment ion formation, were applied. The results indicated a gradual increase in the Aβ fraction of isoD7-Aβ, starting from approximately 8% at 7 months to approximately 30% by 23 months of age. Other specific PTMs, in particular, pyroglutamylation, deamidation, and oxidation, as well as phosphorylation, were also monitored. The results for mice of different ages demonstrated that the accumulation of Aβ proteoforms correlate with the formation of Aβ deposits. Although the mouse model cannot be a complete analogue of the processes occurring in the human brain in AD, and several of the observed parameters differ significantly from human values supposedly due to the limited lifespan of the model animals, this dynamic study provides evidence on at least one of the possible mechanisms that can trigger amyloidosis in AD, i.e., the hypothesis on the relationship between the accumulation of isoD7-Aβ and the progression of AD-like pathology.
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6
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Dasmeh P, Wagner A. Yeast Proteins may Reversibly Aggregate like Amphiphilic Molecules. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167352. [PMID: 34774567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than a hundred proteins in yeast reversibly aggregate and phase-separate in response to various stressors, such as nutrient depletion and heat shock. We know little about the protein sequence and structural features behind this ability, which has not been characterized on a proteome-wide level. To identify the distinctive features of aggregation-prone protein regions, we apply machine learning algorithms to genome-scale limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) data from yeast proteins. LiP-MS data reveals that 96 proteins show significant structural changes upon heat shock. We find that in these proteins the propensity to phase separate cannot be solely driven by disordered regions, because their aggregation-prone regions (APRs) are not significantly disordered. Instead, the phase separation of these proteins requires contributions from both disordered and structured regions. APRs are significantly enriched in aliphatic residues and depleted in positively charged amino acids. Aggregator proteins with longer APRs show a greater propensity to aggregate, a relationship that can be explained by equilibrium statistical thermodynamics. Altogether, our observations suggest that proteome-wide reversible protein aggregation is mediated by sequence-encoded properties. We propose that aggregating proteins resemble supra-molecular amphiphiles, where APRs are the hydrophobic parts, and non-APRs are the hydrophilic parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Dasmeh
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Switzerland; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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7
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Sundaria N, Upadhyay A, Prasad A, Prajapati VK, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Neurodegeneration & imperfect ageing: Technological limitations and challenges? Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111574. [PMID: 34562507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is regulated by the protein quality control (PQC) machinery, comprising multiple chaperones and enzymes. Studies suggest that the loss of the PQC mechanisms in neurons may lead to the formation of abnormal inclusions that may lead to neurological disorders and defective aging. The questions could be raised how protein aggregate formation precisely engenders multifactorial molecular pathomechanism in neuronal cells and affects different brain regions? Such questions await thorough investigation that may help us understand how aberrant proteinaceous bodies lead to neurodegeneration and imperfect aging. However, these studies face multiple technological challenges in utilizing available tools for detailed characterizations of the protein aggregates or amyloids and developing new techniques to understand the biology and pathology of proteopathies. The lack of detection and analysis methods has decelerated the pace of the research in amyloid biology. Here, we address the significance of aggregation and inclusion formation, followed by exploring the evolutionary contribution of these structures. We also provide a detailed overview of current state-of-the-art techniques and advances in studying amyloids in the diseased brain. A comprehensive understanding of the structural, pathological, and clinical characteristics of different types of aggregates (inclusions, fibrils, plaques, etc.) will aid in developing future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sundaria
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH‑8 Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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8
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Chiki A, Zhang Z, Rajasekhar K, Abriata LA, Rostami I, Krapp LF, Boudeffa D, Dal Peraro M, Lashuel HA. Investigating Crosstalk Among PTMs Provides Novel Insight Into the Structural Basis Underlying the Differential Effects of Nt17 PTMs on Mutant Httex1 Aggregation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:686086. [PMID: 34381813 PMCID: PMC8352439 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.686086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the first 17 amino acids (Nt17) of the Huntingtin protein (Htt) have been shown to inhibit the aggregation and attenuate the toxicity of mutant Htt proteins in vitro and in various models of Huntington’s disease. Here, we expand on these studies by investigating the effect of methionine eight oxidation (oxM8) and its crosstalk with lysine 6 acetylation (AcK6) or threonine 3 phosphorylation (pT3) on the aggregation of mutant Httex1 (mHttex1). We show that M8 oxidation delays but does not inhibit the aggregation and has no effect on the final morphologies of mHttex1aggregates. The presence of both oxM8 and AcK6 resulted in dramatic inhibition of Httex1 fibrillization. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that PTMs that lower the mHttex1 aggregation rate (oxM8, AcK6/oxM8, pT3, pT3/oxM8, and pS13) result in increased population of a short N-terminal helix (first eight residues) in Nt17 or decreased abundance of other helical forms, including long helix and short C-terminal helix. PTMs that did not alter the aggregation rate (AcK6) of mHttex1 exhibit a similar distribution of helical conformation as the unmodified peptides. These results show that the relative abundance of N- vs. C-terminal helical conformations and long helices, rather than the overall helicity of Nt17, better explains the effect of different Nt17 PTMs on mHttex1; thus, explaining the lack of correlation between the effect of PTMs on the overall helicity of Nt17 and mHttex1 aggregation in vitro. Taken together, our results provide novel structural insight into the differential effects of single PTMs and crosstalk between different PTMs in regulating mHttex1 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Chiki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhidian Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kolla Rajasekhar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iman Rostami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lucien F Krapp
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Driss Boudeffa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Cold Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Amyloid β. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063116. [PMID: 33803786 PMCID: PMC8003251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has attracted much attention in the fields of biotechnology and medicine owing to its potential utility in clinical applications. Recently accumulating evidence has demonstrated that CAP influences protein structures. However, there remain open questions regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the CAP-induced structural perturbations of biomacromolecules. Here, we investigated the potential effects of CAP irradiation of amyloid β (Aβ), an amyloidogenic protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we observed gradual spectral changes in Aβ after a 10 s CAP pretreatment, which also suppressed its fibril formation, as revealed by thioflavin T assay. As per mass spectrometric analyses, these effects were attributed to selective oxidation of the methionine residue (Met) at position 35. Interestingly, this modification occurred when Aβ was dissolved into a pre-irradiated buffer, indicating that some reactive species oxidize the Met residue. Our results strongly suggest that the H2O2 generated in the solution by CAP irradiation is responsible for Met oxidation, which inhibits Aβ amyloid formation. The findings of the present study provide fundamental insights into plasma biology, giving clues for developing novel applications of CAP.
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10
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Enlargement of early endosomes and traffic jam in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:207-218. [PMID: 34225963 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While a handful of neurotransmitter systems including cholinergic, norepinephrinergic, and serotonergic undergo significant degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, the cholinergic system has been the prime target for research and therapy. The cholinergic system in the basal forebrain is strategically located to impose significant modulatory effects on vast cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. Numerous studies have established a strong link between neurotrophin signaling and basal forebrain cholinergic neuron degeneration in several neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence presented during the last few years points to the effects of endosomal pathology and primarily unidirectional traffic jam. Hence, formulating new therapies, e.g., to reduce local production of β C-terminal fragments and preventing changes in endosomal morphology have become attractive potential therapeutic strategies to restore cholinergic neurons and their neuromodulatory function. While it is not expected that restoring the cholinergic system function will fully mitigate cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, pivotal aspects of cognition including attention-deficit during the prodromal stages might well be at disposal for corrective measures.
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11
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Montanari S, Mahmoud AM, Pruccoli L, Rabbito A, Naldi M, Petralla S, Moraleda I, Bartolini M, Monti B, Iriepa I, Belluti F, Gobbi S, Di Marzo V, Bisi A, Tarozzi A, Ligresti A, Rampa A. Discovery of novel benzofuran-based compounds with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:243-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Kato M, Yang YS, Sutter BM, Wang Y, McKnight SL, Tu BP. Redox State Controls Phase Separation of the Yeast Ataxin-2 Protein via Reversible Oxidation of Its Methionine-Rich Low-Complexity Domain. Cell 2019; 177:711-721.e8. [PMID: 30982603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yeast ataxin-2, also known as Pbp1, senses the activity state of mitochondria in order to regulate TORC1. A domain of Pbp1 required to adapt cells to mitochondrial activity is of low sequence complexity. The low-complexity (LC) domain of Pbp1 forms labile, cross-β polymers that facilitate phase transition of the protein into liquid-like or gel-like states. Phase transition for other LC domains is reliant upon widely distributed aromatic amino acids. In place of tyrosine or phenylalanine residues prototypically used for phase separation, Pbp1 contains 24 similarly disposed methionine residues. Here, we show that the Pbp1 methionine residues are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidation in vitro and in living cells. Methionine oxidation melts Pbp1 liquid-like droplets in a manner reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes. These observations explain how reversible formation of labile polymers by the Pbp1 LC domain enables the protein to function as a sensor of cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Yu-San Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Benjamin M Sutter
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Steven L McKnight
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| | - Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
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13
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Razzokov J, Yusupov M, Bogaerts A. Oxidation destabilizes toxic amyloid beta peptide aggregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5476. [PMID: 30940901 PMCID: PMC6445117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of insoluble amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain is known to trigger the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. In spite of the massive number of investigations, the underlying mechanisms to destabilize the Aβ aggregates are still poorly understood. Some studies indicate the importance of oxidation to destabilize the Aβ aggregates. In particular, oxidation induced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has demonstrated promising results in eliminating these toxic aggregates. In this paper, we investigate the effect of oxidation on the stability of an Aβ pentamer. By means of molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling, we elucidate the conformational changes of Aβ pentamer in the presence of oxidized residues, and we estimate the dissociation free energy of the terminal peptide out of the pentamer form. The calculated dissociation free energy of the terminal peptide is also found to decrease with increasing oxidation. This indicates that Aβ pentamer aggregation becomes less favorable upon oxidation. Our study contributes to a better insight in one of the potential mechanisms for inhibition of toxic Aβ peptide aggregation, which is considered to be the main culprit to Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Razzokov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - M Yusupov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Suh JM, Kim G, Kang J, Lim MH. Strategies Employing Transition Metal Complexes To Modulate Amyloid-β Aggregation. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:8-17. [PMID: 30556393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Thus, numerous efforts to identify chemical tactics to control the aggregation pathways of Aβ peptides have been made. Among them, transition metal complexes as a class of chemical modulators against Aβ aggregation have been designed and utilized. Transition metal complexes are able to carry out a variety of chemistry with Aβ peptides (e.g., coordination chemistry and oxidative and proteolytic reactions for peptide modifications) based on their tunable characteristics, including the oxidation state of and coordination geometry around the metal center. This Viewpoint illustrates three strategies employing transition metal complexes toward modulation of Aβ aggregation pathways (i.e., oxidation and hydrolysis of Aβ as well as coordination to Aβ), along with some examples of such transition metal complexes. In addition, proposed mechanisms for three reactivities of transition metal complexes with Aβ peptides are discussed. Our greater understanding of how transition metal complexes have been engineered and used for alteration of Aβ aggregation could provide insight into the new discovery of chemical reagents against Aβ peptides found in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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Roher AE, Kokjohn TA, Clarke SG, Sierks MR, Maarouf CL, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MS, Beach TG. APP/Aβ structural diversity and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2017; 110:1-13. [PMID: 28811267 PMCID: PMC5688956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposes amyloid- β (Aβ) is a chief pathological element of dementia. AD therapies have targeted monomeric and oligomeric Aβ 1-40 and 1-42 peptides. However, alternative APP proteolytic processing produces a complex roster of Aβ species. In addition, Aβ peptides are subject to extensive posttranslational modification (PTM). We propose that amplified production of some APP/Aβ species, perhaps exacerbated by differential gene expression and reduced peptide degradation, creates a diverse spectrum of modified species which disrupt brain homeostasis and accelerate AD neurodegeneration. We surveyed the literature to catalog Aβ PTM including species with isoAsp at positions 7 and 23 which may phenocopy the Tottori and Iowa Aβ mutations that result in early onset AD. We speculate that accumulation of these alterations induce changes in secondary and tertiary structure of Aβ that favor increased toxicity, and seeding and propagation in sporadic AD. Additionally, amyloid-β peptides with a pyroglutamate modification at position 3 and oxidation of Met35 make up a substantial portion of sporadic AD amyloid deposits. The intrinsic physical properties of these species, including resistance to degradation, an enhanced aggregation rate, increased neurotoxicity, and association with behavioral deficits, suggest their emergence is linked to dementia. The generation of specific 3D-molecular conformations of Aβ impart unique biophysical properties and a capacity to seed the prion-like global transmission of amyloid through the brain. The accumulation of rogue Aβ ultimately contributes to the destruction of vascular walls, neurons and glial cells culminating in dementia. A systematic examination of Aβ PTM and the analysis of the toxicity that they induced may help create essential biomarkers to more precisely stage AD pathology, design countermeasures and gauge the impacts of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Roher
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Division of Clinical Education, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tyler A Kokjohn
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Michael R Sierks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Chera L Maarouf
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Marwan S Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
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Carelli-Alinovi C, Misiti F. Methionine 35 sulphoxide reduces toxicity of Aβ in red blood cell. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:314-321. [PMID: 28177519 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidation of methionine residue in position 35 of Ab to sulphoxide (Ab-sulphoxide) has the ability to deeply modify wild-type Ab 1-42 (Ab) neurotoxic action. Our previous studies suggest that in nucleated cells, lower toxicity of Ab-sulphoxide might result not from structural alteration, but from elevation of methionine sulphoxide reductase A (MsrA) activity and mRNA levels. DESIGN On this basis, we hypothesised that red blood cell (RBC), a cell devoid almost completely of MsrA activity, shares with nucleated cells an antioxidant system induced by methionine 35 sulphoxide, responsible for the lower toxicity of Ab-sulphoxide in RBC. (Results) Supporting this hypothesis, we found that the low toxicity of Ab-sulphoxide in RBC correlated with pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux increase, and this event was associated with a low level of methionine oxidation in total proteins. None of these effects were observed when cells were exposed to Ab native. DISCUSSION These results outline the importance of the redox state of methionine 35 in the modulation of Ab-mediated events and suggest an important protective role for PPP in RBC of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Carelli-Alinovi
- School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Human Sciences, Society and Health Department, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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Breydo L, Redington JM, Uversky VN. Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Aggregation of Physiologically Important Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 329:145-185. [PMID: 28109327 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins and peptides play an important role in a number of diseases as well as in many physiological processes. Many of the proteins that misfold and aggregate in vivo are intrinsically disordered. Protein aggregation is a complex multistep process, and aggregates can significantly differ in morphology, structure, stability, cytotoxicity, and self-propagation ability. The aggregation process is influenced by both intrinsic (e.g., mutations and expression levels) and extrinsic (e.g., polypeptide chain truncation, macromolecular crowding, posttranslational modifications, as well as interaction with metal ions, other small molecules, lipid membranes, and chaperons) factors. This review examines the effect of a variety of these factors on aggregation of physiologically important intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Breydo
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - J M Redington
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - V N Uversky
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Roles of methionine oxidation in E200K prion protein misfolding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:346-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Minniti AN, Arrazola MS, Bravo-Zehnder M, Ramos F, Inestrosa NC, Aldunate R. The protein oxidation repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase a modulates Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:48-62. [PMID: 24988428 PMCID: PMC4270145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the role of the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A-1 (MSRA-1) in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-peptide aggregation and toxicity in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model of the human amyloidogenic disease inclusion body myositis. RESULTS MSRA-1 specifically reduces oxidized methionines in proteins. Therefore, a deletion of the msra-1 gene was introduced into transgenic C. elegans worms that express the Aβ-peptide in muscle cells to prevent the reduction of oxidized methionines in proteins. In a constitutive transgenic Aβ strain that lacks MSRA-1, the number of amyloid aggregates decreases while the number of oligomeric Aβ species increases. These results correlate with enhanced synaptic dysfunction and mislocalization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ACR-16 at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). INNOVATION This approach aims at modulating the oxidation of Aβ in vivo indirectly by dismantling the methionine sulfoxide repair system. The evidence presented here shows that the absence of MSRA-1 influences Aβ aggregation and aggravates locomotor behavior and NMJ dysfunction. The results suggest that therapies which boost the activity of the Msr system could have a beneficial effect in managing amyloidogenic pathologies. CONCLUSION The absence of MSRA-1 modulates Aβ-peptide aggregation and increments its deleterious effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Minniti
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Butterfield DA, Swomley AM, Sultana R. Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: importance in disease pathogenesis and progression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:823-35. [PMID: 23249141 PMCID: PMC3749710 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD brain is the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and another is elevated oxidative stress. The main component of SPs is amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) that is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies are consistent with the notion that methionine present at 35 position of Aβ is critical to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Further, we also discuss the signatures of oxidatively modified brain proteins, identified using redox proteomics approaches, during the progression of AD. CRITICAL ISSUES The exact relationships of the specifically oxidatively modified proteins in AD pathogenesis require additional investigation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are needed to address whether the therapies directed toward brain oxidative stress and oxidatively modified key brain proteins might help delay or prevent the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
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Rizzo S, Tarozzi A, Bartolini M, Da Costa G, Bisi A, Gobbi S, Belluti F, Ligresti A, Allarà M, Monti JP, Andrisano V, Di Marzo V, Hrelia P, Rampa A. 2-Arylbenzofuran-based molecules as multipotent Alzheimer's disease modifying agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:519-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khanna R, Wilson SM, Brittain JM, Weimer J, Sultana R, Butterfield A, Hensley K. Opening Pandora's jar: a primer on the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012; 7:749-771. [PMID: 23308041 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CRMP2, also known as DPYSL2/DRP2, Unc-33, Ulip or TUC2, is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that mediates axon/dendrite specification and axonal growth. Mapping the CRMP2 interactome has revealed previously unappreciated functions subserved by this protein. Together with its canonical roles in neurite growth and retraction and kinesin-dependent axonal transport, it is now known that CRMP2 interacts with numerous binding partners to affect microtubule dynamics; protein endocytosis and vesicular cycling, synaptic assembly, calcium channel regulation and neurotransmitter release. CRMP2 signaling is regulated by post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, oxidation, proteolysis and phosphorylation; the latter being a fulcrum of CRMP2 functions. Here, the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders are discussed and evidence is presented for therapeutic strategies targeting CRMP2 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khanna
- Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul & Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Sophia Therapeutics LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Bibl M, Gallus M, Welge V, Lehmann S, Sparbier K, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J. Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid aminoterminally truncated and oxidized amyloid-β peptides. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:163-9. [PMID: 22532452 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carboxyterminally elongated and aminoterminally truncated Aβ peptides as well as their pyroglutamate and oxidized derivates are major constituents of human amyloid plaques. The objective of the present study was to characterize aminoterminally truncated or oxidized Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 peptide species in immunoprecipitated human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We invented a novel sequential aminoterminally and carboxyterminally specific immunoprecipitation protocol and used the Aβ-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot for subsequent analysis of CSF Aβ peptide patterns. RESULTS In the present study, we identified the aminoterminally truncated Aβ peptides 2-40 and 2-42 as well as oxidized forms of Aβ1-38 and Aβ1-42 in CSF. Our protocol allowed the quantification of a pattern of Aβ peptides 1-38(ox), 2-40, and 2-42 in addition to the well known panel of Aβ 1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-40(ox), and 1-42 in a group of seven patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the present approach, we could broaden the range of quantifiable Aβ peptides described in previous studies (i.e., 1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-40(ox), and 1-42) by Aβ 1-38(ox), 2-40, and 2-42. An exact analysis of CSF Aβ peptides regarding their carboxy- and aminoterminus as well as posttranslational modification seems promising with respect to diagnostic and pathogenic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Bibl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Addiction Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Cui ZJ, Han ZQ, Li ZY. Modulating protein activity and cellular function by methionine residue oxidation. Amino Acids 2012; 43:505-17. [PMID: 22146868 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing amino acid residue methionine (Met) in a peptide/protein is readily oxidized to methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] by reactive oxygen species both in vitro and in vivo. Methionine residue oxidation by oxidants is found in an accumulating number of important proteins. Met sulfoxidation activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, delays inactivation of the Shaker potassium channel ShC/B and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels. Sulfoxidation at critical Met residues inhibits fibrillation of atherosclerosis-related apolipoproteins and multiple neurodegenerative disease-related proteins, such as amyloid beta, α-synuclein, prion, and others. Methionine residue oxidation is also correlated with marked changes in cellular activities. Controlled key methionine residue oxidation may be used as an oxi-genetics tool to dissect specific protein function in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Jie Cui
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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25
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Martínez J, Lisa S, Sánchez R, Kowalczyk W, Zurita E, Teixidó M, Giralt E, Andreu D, Avila J, Gasset M. Selenomethionine incorporation into amyloid sequences regulates fibrillogenesis and toxicity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27999. [PMID: 22132190 PMCID: PMC3222675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The capacity of a polypeptide chain to engage in an amyloid formation process and cause a conformational disease is contained in its sequence. Some of the sequences undergoing fibrillation contain critical methionine (Met) residues which in vivo can be synthetically substituted by selenomethionine (SeM) and alter their properties. Methodology/Principal Findings Using peptide synthesis, biophysical techniques and cell viability determinations we have studied the effect of the substitution of methionine (Met) by selenomethionine (SeM) on the fibrillogenesis and toxic properties of Aβ40 and HuPrP(106–140). We have found that the effects display site-specificity and vary from inhibition of fibrillation and decreased toxicity ([SeM35]Aβ40, [SeM129]HuPrP(106–140) and [SeM134]HuPrP(106–140)), retarded assembly, modulation of polymer shape and retention of toxicity ([SeM112]HuPrP(106–140) to absence of effects ([SeM109]HuPrP(106–140)). Conclusions/Significance This work provides direct evidence that the substitution of Met by SeM in proamyloid sequences has a major impact on their self-assembly and toxic properties, suggesting that the SeM pool can play a major role in dictating the allowance and efficiency of a polypeptide chain to undergo toxic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Lisa
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Sánchez
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wioleta Kowalczyk
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zurita
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gasset
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Computational insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2011; 1:119-35. [PMID: 21426072 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-amyloidosis and oxidative stress have been implicated as root causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD include inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) production, stimulation of Aβ degradation and prevention of Aβ oligomerization. However, efforts in this direction are hindered by the lack of understanding of the biochemical processes occurring at the atomic level in AD. DISCUSSION A radically different approach to achieve this goal would be the application of comprehensive theoretical and computational techniques such as molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, bioinformatics and rotational spectroscopy to investigate complex chemical and physical processes in β-amyloidosis and the oxidative stress mechanism. CONCLUSION Results obtained from these studies will provide an atomic level understanding of biochemical processes occurring in AD and advance efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Butterfield DA, Sultana R. Methionine-35 of aβ(1-42): importance for oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2011; 2011:198430. [PMID: 22312456 PMCID: PMC3268025 DOI: 10.4061/2011/198430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. This devastating disease is characterized by the presence of senile plaques (SP), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and loss of synapses. Amyloid beta-peptide 1-42 (Aβ(1-42)) is the main component of SP and is pivotal to AD pathogenesis. Brain of subjects with AD and arguably its earliest manifestation, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), demonstrate increased levels of oxidative stress markers. Our laboratory combined these two aspects of AD and MCI and proposed the Aβ(1-42)-associated free radical oxidative stress hypothesis to explain oxidative stress under which the MCI and AD brain exist and the loss of synapses in both disorders. A large number of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that Aβ causes protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell death in neuronal and synaptosomal systems. Methionine located at residue 35 of Aβ(1-42) is an important contributor to the oxidative stress associated with this neurotoxic peptide. In this paper, we summarize studies involving Met-35 of Aβ(1-42). Understanding the role of the single methionine residue of Aβ(1-42) may help in understanding underlying disease mechanisms in AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
- Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
- Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Rational development of a strategy for modifying the aggregatibility of proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4297-302. [PMID: 21368182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100195108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of peptide and proteins from their soluble state into well-organized aggregates, together with the accompanied oxidation of methionine residue, presents a significant challenge to human health, to the manufacture of protein therapeutics, and to the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. Despite their fundamental importance, little is known about the molecular basis of these two side reactions and their control. Here, using chemical peptide synthesis, we further confirmed the importance of the balance between hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic repulsive forces in inducing and inhibiting aggregation and methionine oxidation. Most importantly, through extending the established principle, we are able to effectively stabilize the problematic peptide fragment through the attachment of cleavable arginine tags. Future applications of our approach are expected to facilitate the synthesis and study of difficult peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins and will provide more opportunities for the optimization of protein biopharmaceuticals and for the development of cell-permeable biomolecules.
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Morshedi D, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Nemat-Gorgani M. Chemical modification of lysine residues in lysozyme may dramatically influence its amyloid fibrillation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:714-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hawkes CA, Deng LH, Shaw JE, Nitz M, McLaurin J. Small molecule beta-amyloid inhibitors that stabilize protofibrillar structures in vitro improve cognition and pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:203-13. [PMID: 20074226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.07052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds that disrupt the kinetic pathways of Abeta aggregation may be useful in elucidating the role of oligomeric, protofibrillar and fibrillar Abeta in the etiology of the disease. We have previously reported that scyllo-inositol inhibits Abeta(42) fibril formation but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs has not been investigated in detail. Using a series of scyllo-inositol derivatives in which one or two hydroxyl groups were replaced with hydrogen, chlorine or methoxy substituents, we examined the role of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity in the structure-function relationship of scyllo-inositol-Abeta binding. We report here that all scyllo-inositol derivatives demonstrated reduced effectiveness in preventing Abeta(42) fibrillization compared with scyllo-inositol, suggesting that scyllo-inositol interacts with Abeta(42) via key hydrogen bonds that are formed by all hydroxyl groups. Increasing the hydrophobicity of scyllo-inositol by the addition of two methoxy groups (1,4-di-O-methyl-scyllo-inositol) produced a derivative that stabilized Abeta(42) protofibrils in vitro. Prophylactic administration of 1,4-di-O-methyl-scyllo-inositol to TgCRND8 mice attenuated spatial memory impairments and significantly decreased cerebral amyloid pathology. These results suggest that Abeta aggregation can be targeted at multiple points along the kinetic pathway for the improvement of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Hawkes
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Misiti F, Clementi ME, Giardina B. Oxidation of methionine 35 reduces toxicity of the amyloid beta-peptide(1-42) in neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) via enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A expression and function. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:597-602. [PMID: 20060866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta amyloid peptide (Abeta), the major protein component of brain senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is known to be directly responsible for the production of free radicals that may lead to neurodegeneration. Our recent evidence suggest that the redox state of methionine residue in position 35 (Met-35) of Abeta has the ability to deeply modify peptide's neurotoxic actions. Reversible oxidation of methionine in proteins involving the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase type A (MsrA) is postulated to serve a general antioxidant role and a decrease in MsrA has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In rat neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), we used Abeta(1-42), in which the Met-35 is present in the reduced state, with a modified peptide with oxidized Met-35 (Abeta(1-42)Met35(OX)), as well as an Abeta-derivative in which Met-35 is substituted with norleucine (Abeta(1-42)Nle35) to investigate the relationship between Met-35 redox state, expression and function of MsrA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The obtained results shown that MsrA activity, as well as mRNA levels, increase in IMR-32 cells treated with Abeta(1-42)Met35(OX), differently to that shown by the reduced derivative. The increase in MsrA function and expression was associated with a decline of ROS levels. None of these effects were observed when cells were exposed to Abeta containing oxidized Met35 (Abeta1-42)Met35(OX). Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that the differential toxicity of Abeta peptides containing reduced or oxidised Met-35 depends on the ability of the latter form to reduce ROS generation by enhancing MsrA gene expression and function and suggests the therapeutic potential of MsrA in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Misiti
- Department of Health and Motor Sciences, University of Cassino, V.S. Angelo, Polo didattico della Folcara, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy.
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32
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Legge FS, Binger KJ, Griffin MDW, Howlett GJ, Scanlon D, Treutlein H, Yarovsky I. Effect of Oxidation and Mutation on the Conformational Dynamics and Fibril Assembly of Amyloidogenic Peptides Derived from Apolipoprotein C-II. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14006-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903842u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. S. Legge
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. J. Binger
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M. D. W. Griffin
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G. J. Howlett
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D. Scanlon
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H. Treutlein
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - I. Yarovsky
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Barman A, Taves W, Prabhakar R. Insights into the mechanism of methionine oxidation catalyzed by metal (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(3+)) - amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide complexes: A computational study. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:1405-13. [PMID: 19037857 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this DFT study, a mechanism of the oxidation of methionine (Met) amino acid residue catalyzed by the metal (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(3+)) bound amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide has been proposed. Based on experimental information, two different mechanisms: (1) stepwise and (2) concerted mechanisms for this important process have been investigated. The B3LYP calculations suggest that in the stepwise mechanism, the two separate pathways leading to the same sulfoxide product [Met(O)] go through prohibitively high barriers of 27.3 and 35.1 kcal/mol, therefore it is ruled out. In the concerted mechanism, the Cu(2+)-Abeta complex has been found to be the most efficient catalyst with the computed barrier of 14.3 kcal/mol. The substitutions of Cu(2+) by Zn(2+) and Fe(3+) increase barriers to 19.6 and 16.9 kcal/mol, respectively and make the reaction thermodynamically less favorable. It was also found that, in comparison with the cysteine (Cys) residue, Met is more susceptible toward oxidation. Its substitution with Cys slightly increased the barrier to 15.8 kcal/mol for the Cu(2+)-Abeta complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
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34
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Ho CC, Lee LYL, Huang KT, Lin CC, Ku MY, Yang CC, Chan SI, Hsu RL, Chen RPY. Tuning the conformational properties of the prion peptide. Proteins 2009; 76:213-25. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Leone L, Misiti F, Clementi ME, D'Ascenzo M, Giardina B, Azzena GB, Grassi C. Role of methionine 35 in the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation and Ca2+-dependent apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. J Neurochem 2009; 107:1070-82. [PMID: 18990116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We recently reported that the redox state of the methionine residue in position 35 of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) 1-42 (Met35) strongly affects the peptide's ability to trigger apoptosis and is thus a major determinant of its neurotoxicity. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways has been proposed as a mechanism underlying Abeta toxicity. Therefore, we investigated correlations between the Met35 redox state, Abeta toxicity, and altered intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. Cells incubated for 6-24 h with 10 microM Abeta1-42 exhibited significantly increased KCl-induced Ca(2+) transient amplitudes and resting free Ca(2+) concentrations. Nifedipine-sensitive Ca(2+) current densities and Ca(v)1 channel expression were markedly enhanced by Abeta1-42. None of these effects were observed when cells were exposed to Abeta containing oxidized Met35 (Abeta1-42(Met35-Ox)). Cell pre-treatment with the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (1 microM) or the Ca(v)1 channel blocker nifedipine (5 microM) significantly attenuated Abeta1-42-induced apoptosis but had no effect on Abeta1-42(Met35-Ox) toxicity. Collectively, these data suggest that reduced Met35 plays a critical role in Abeta1-42 toxicity by rendering the peptide capable of disrupting intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and thereby provoking apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University S Cuore, Rome, Italy
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36
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Chang ESH, Liao TY, Lim TS, Fann W, Chen RPY. A new amyloid-like beta-aggregate with amyloid characteristics, except fibril morphology. J Mol Biol 2008; 385:1257-65. [PMID: 19041877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, formed from amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides (mainly Abeta40 or Abeta42), are one of the most important pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. Here, a single D-form proline substitution in the 40-amino-acid Abeta40 peptide can totally change the aggregation behavior of this peptide. The residue immediately preceding each glycine in Abeta40 (S8, V24, I32, and V36) was individually replaced by D-form proline ((D)Pro). The resulting (D)P-G sequence (the (D)Pro residue and the following Gly residue) was designed as a "structural clip" to force the formation of a bend in the peptide, as this sequence has been reported to be a strong promoter of beta-hairpin formation. The mutant peptide with Val24-to-(D)Pro substitution, named V24P, formed a new amyloid-like beta-aggregate at high peptide concentration. The aggregate has most of the characteristics of amyloid fibrils, except fibril morphology. Moreover, the mutant peptide V24P, when mixed with Abeta40, can attenuate the cytotoxicity of Abeta40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S-H Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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37
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The structure of the amyloid-beta peptide high-affinity copper II binding site in Alzheimer disease. Biophys J 2008; 95:3447-56. [PMID: 18599641 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) is believed to be related to the toxicity from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the brain by the amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein bound primarily to copper ions. The evidence for an oxidative stress role of Abeta-Cu redox chemistry is still incomplete. Details of the copper binding site in Abeta may be critical to the etiology of AD. Here we present the structure determined by combining x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory analysis of Abeta peptides complexed with Cu(2+) in solution under a range of buffer conditions. Phosphate-buffered saline buffer salt (NaCl) concentration does not affect the high-affinity copper binding mode but alters the second coordination sphere. The XAS spectra for truncated and full-length Abeta-Cu(2+) peptides are similar. The novel distorted six-coordinated (3N3O) geometry around copper in the Abeta-Cu(2+) complexes include three histidines: glutamic, or/and aspartic acid, and axial water. The structure of the high-affinity Cu(2+) binding site is consistent with the hypothesis that the redox activity of the metal ion bound to Abeta can lead to the formation of dityrosine-linked dimers found in AD.
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38
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Triguero L, Singh R, Prabhakar R. Comparative molecular dynamics studies of wild-type and oxidized forms of full-length Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptides Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42). J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7123-31. [PMID: 18476733 DOI: 10.1021/jp801168v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, all-atom 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations are performed on the full-length amyloid beta (Abeta) monomers (WT-Abeta(1-40) and WT-Abeta(1-42)) and their oxidized forms (Met35(O)-Abeta(1-40) and Met35(O)-Abeta(1-42)) in aqueous solution. The effects of the oxidation state of Met35 and the presence of dipeptide (Ile41-Ala42) on the secondary structures of the three distinct regions (the central hydrophobic core region 17-21 (LVFFA), the loop 23-28 (DVGSNK), and the second hydrophobic domain 29-35 (GAIIGLM)) of all monomers have been analyzed in detail, and results are compared with the available experimental information. Our simulations indicate that the WT-Abeta(1-40) monomer adopts an overall beta-hairpin-like structure, which is promoted by the turn region (24-27). This turn region is stabilized through salt-bridge formation between the Asp23 and Lys28 residues. In contrast, the overall structure of the oxidized (Met35(O)-Abeta(1-40)) monomer can be divided into three well-defined bend regions separated by coil segments. These structural differences may be critical for the measured decrease in the rate of aggregation of Met35(O)-Abeta(1-40) peptide. In the WT-Abeta(1-42) monomer, in comparison to the WT-Abeta(1-40), the Asp23-Lys28 salt bridge is absent, and consequently, the turn in the middle (24-27) region has a smaller curvature. The observed difference in the aggregation rates of these two peptides may be related to the opening of the turn (24-27) stabilized by the Asp23-Lys28 salt bridge. For WT-Abeta(1-42), in the absence of this salt bridge, the unfolding and aggregation events may be more favorable than for WT-Abeta(1-40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Triguero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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39
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Rizzo S, Rivière C, Piazzi L, Bisi A, Gobbi S, Bartolini M, Andrisano V, Morroni F, Tarozzi A, Monti JP, Rampa A. Benzofuran-Based Hybrid Compounds for the Inhibition of Cholinesterase Activity, β Amyloid Aggregation, and Aβ Neurotoxicity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2883-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Céline Rivière
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorna Piazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Gobbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Monti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Rampa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Biophysique, GESVAB EA3675 ISVV, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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40
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Triguero L, Singh R, Prabhakar R. Molecular Dynamics Study To Investigate the Effect of Chemical Substitutions of Methionine 35 on the Secondary Structure of the Amyloid β (Aβ(1−42)) Monomer in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0771872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Triguero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Rajiv Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M. Sayre
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - George Perry
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
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42
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Englund H, Sehlin D, Johansson AS, Nilsson LNG, Gellerfors P, Paulie S, Lannfelt L, Pettersson FE. Sensitive ELISA detection of amyloid-beta protofibrils in biological samples. J Neurochem 2007; 103:334-45. [PMID: 17623042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protofibrils are known intermediates of the in vitro Abeta aggregation process and the protofibrillogenic Arctic mutation (APPE693G) provides clinical support for a pathogenic role of Abeta protofibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To verify their in vivo relevance and to establish a quantitative Abeta protofibril immunoassay, Abeta conformation dependent monoclonal antibodies were generated. One of these antibodies, mAb158 (IgG2a), was used in a sandwich ELISA to specifically detect picomolar concentrations of Abeta protofibrils without interference from Abeta monomers or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The specificity and biological significance of this ELISA was demonstrated using cell cultures and transgenic mouse models expressing human APP containing the Swedish mutation (APPKN670/671ML), or the Swedish and Arctic mutation in combination. The mAb158 sandwich ELISA analysis revealed presence of Abeta protofibrils in both cell and animal models, proving that Abeta protofibrils are formed not only in vitro, but also in vivo. Furthermore, elevated Abeta protofibril levels in the Arctic-Swedish samples emphasize the usefulness of the Arctic mutation as a model of enhanced protofibril formation. This assay provides a novel tool for investigating the role of Abeta protofibrils in AD and has the potential of becoming an important diagnostic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillevi Englund
- Department of Public Health/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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