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Batiha GES, Al-Snafi AE, Thuwaini MM, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Akomolafe AP, Teibo TKA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Garbeeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4. [PMID: 36877269 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba's traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Mahdi M Thuwaini
- College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technique University, Basra, Iraq
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão, Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt
| | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoRibeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Garbeeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.,AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Evaluation of Ulcer Protective Activity of Morus alba L. Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres in Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4907585. [PMID: 36212972 PMCID: PMC9546716 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4907585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, gastric ulcers have become a very common disease these days. Moreover, the side effects linked with the prolonged use of conventional treatments have shifted the paradigm towards herbal therapies. The leaves of Morus alba L. (Family-Moraceae) have been traditionally used for a large number of metabolic diseases. In the present research, we focused on the development of chitosan microspheres using extracts of leaves of Morus alba L. and their evaluation for gastroprotective efficacy against ethanol-induced ulcers in experimental rats. The process of development of M. alba extract microsphere (MEM) is also optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The formulation was prepared at optimized conditions (chitosan concentration (1.66% w/w), volume of glutaraldehyde (4.69 mL), and stirrer rotation per minute, RPM, 854.8), and the percentage yield (Y 1) of the resulted microspheres is ∼95% with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of (Y 2(rutin)) ∼86%, Y 2(quercetin)) ∼85%, and particle size (Y 3) of ∼40 µm. The MEM prepared at optimized conditions can also be characterized for various parameters to ensure the uniformity of parameters. Also, the drug release studies indicated that the percentage release of rutin and quercetin from MEM was enhanced as compared to M. alba extract (ME) alone. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of the antiulcer potential of pretreatment with ME and MEM (500 mg/kg p.o.) in rats indicated that mucosal lesions, gastric juice volume, and total acidity were significantly altered as compared to ethanol-treated animals. Histopathology of tissue sections also confirmed the protection of gastric mucosa on pretreatment with MEM at 500 mg/kg p.o. On the basis of these findings, we can conclude that prepared microspheres can be used to develop a sustained release formulation of extract for the management of gastric ulcers. However, additional research is needed to establish the specific mechanisms of M. alba's antiulcer efficacy.
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Wattanathorn J, Somboonporn W, Thukham-Mee W, Sungkamnee S. Memory-Enhancing Effect of 8-Week Consumption of the Quercetin-Enriched Culinary Herbs-Derived Functional Ingredients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172678. [PMID: 36076862 PMCID: PMC9455773 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to great demand for memory enhancers, the memory-enhancing effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of the functional ingredients derived from the combined extract of Polygonum odoratum and Morus alba were investigated. A total of 45 participants randomly received either a placebo or the developed herbal supplement at a dose of 50 or 1500 mg/day. The consumption was done once daily for 8 weeks. Working memory was assessed via both an event-related potential and computerized battery tests at baseline and at the end of the 8-week study period. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase type A and type B (MAO-A, MAO-B) levels were also measured at the end of the study. The subjects who consumed the supplement containing a developed functional ingredient at a dose of 1500 mg/day showed reduced latencies but increased amplitudes of N100 and P300. An improvement in working memory and the suppression of AChE, MAO-A, and MAO-B activities were also observed. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates the cognitive enhancing effect of the developed herbal congee, which may be associated with the suppressions of AChE and both types of MAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-8721809
| | - Woraluck Somboonporn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Sungkamnee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Bhat BA, Almilaibary A, Mir RA, Aljarallah BM, Mir WR, Ahmad F, Mir MA. Natural Therapeutics in Aid of Treating Alzheimer's Disease: A Green Gateway Toward Ending Quest for Treating Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884345. [PMID: 35651632 PMCID: PMC9149276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scientific community is facing a daunting challenge to unravel reliable natural compounds with realistic potential to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reported compounds/drugs mostly synthetic deemed the reliability and therapeutic potential largely due to their complexity and off-target issues. The natural products from nutraceutical compounds emerge as viable preventive therapeutics to fill the huge gap in treating neurological disorders. Considering that Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease, natural compounds offer the advantage of a multitarget approach, tagging different molecular sites in the human brain, as compared with the single-target activity of most of the drugs so far used to treat Alzheimer's disease. A wide range of plant extracts and phytochemicals reported to possess the therapeutic potential to Alzheimer's disease includes curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, oleocanthal, and other phytochemicals such as huperzine A, limonoids, and azaphilones. Reported targets of these natural compounds include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, amyloid senile plaques, oxidation products, inflammatory pathways, specific brain receptors, etc. We tenaciously aimed to review the in-depth potential of natural products and their therapeutic applications against Alzheimer's disease, with a special focus on a diversity of medicinal plants and phytocompounds and their mechanism of action against Alzheimer's disease pathologies. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against Alzheimer's disease with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University Alaqiq, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Badr M. Aljarallah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajahat R. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Shreelakshmi SV, Nazareth MS, Matam P, Dorairaj D, Shetty NP. Chemometric evaluation of functional components and anti-quorum sensing activity of mulberry leaves from Indian cultivars: a potential contribution to the food industry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:567-574. [PMID: 34148238 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential use of many native, easily available vegetal materials for human consumption and value addition is not well recognized. Mulberry, being a traditional industrial crop rich in nutrients and nutraceuticals can be of great importance for the food industry. However, mulberry leaves are mainly being utilized in sericulture and are not exploited for their functional components. Thus, the selection of promising mulberry cultivars, rich in bioactive compounds, like resveratrol and 1-deoxynojirimycin, increase their potential use in functional foods. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, myricetin and kaempferol were the major polyphenols present in the nine selected cultivars, in the range 0.001-0.086, 0.003-0.079 and 0.003-0.163 g kg-1 fresh weight (FW), respectively. Protocatechuic acid, epicatechin and rutin were predominantly present in cultivars V-1, G-2 and ML (0.103, 0.080 and 0.121 g kg-1 FW, respectively). Similarly, resveratrol and 1-deoxynojirimycin were highest in cultivars ML and K-2 (0.078 and 0.079 g kg-1 FW, respectively). Leaf extracts of cultivars G-2 and ML were able to effectively inhibit the violacein production with 64.08% and 70.04%, respectively at the concentration of 6 mg mL-1 presumably due to a higher content of polyphenols. Chemometric evaluation of chromatographic data showed the intraspecific variability and secondary metabolite co-existence in different cultivars. CONCLUSIONS Considering phytoconstituents, cultivars G-2, ML, K-2 and V-1 could contribute efficiently to the rational utilization of mulberry in agro-food industries. Furthermore, cultivars G-2 and ML leaves can be a new source of quorum sensing inhibitory agents. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saligrama Viswanath Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Pradeep Matam
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Darshan Dorairaj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
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Effect of Morus alba leaf extract dose on lipid oxidation, microbiological stability, and sensory evaluation of functional liver pâtés during refrigerated storage. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260030. [PMID: 34941877 PMCID: PMC8699953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.), and above all the extract from the leaves of this plant, is a natural medicine that has been used in traditional medicine for hundreds of years. Mulberry leaves contains polyphenol compounds: flavonoids, coumarins, numerous phenolic acids, as well as terpenes and steroids. The antioxidant effect of these compounds may be beneficial to the fat fraction of meat products, thereby increasing their functional qualities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of mulberry water leaf extract, as an additive limiting adverse fat changes and affecting the functionality in model liver pâtés. Pork pâtés were prepared by replacing 20% of animal fat with rapeseed oil (RO), and water extract of mulberry leaves was added in the proportion of 0.2%, 0.6% and 1.0%. It has been shown that the addition of mulberry leaf extract delayed the appearance of primary and secondary fat oxidation products. The most effective antioxidant effect during 15-day storage was observed in the sample with the addition of 0.6% and 1.0% water mulberry leaf extract. These samples also showed inhibiting activity against angiotensin-converting enzymes and cholinesterase's. During storage, the tested pâtés had a high sensory quality with unchanged microbiological quality. Mulberry leaf extract can be an interesting addition to the production of fat meat products, delaying adverse changes in the lipid fraction and increasing the functionality of products.
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Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111520. [PMID: 34768950 PMCID: PMC8583788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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Identification of two novel prenylated flavonoids in mulberry leaf and their bioactivities. Food Chem 2020; 315:126236. [PMID: 32000079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf is a vegetable used in daily diet. It can bring delicious taste and multiple health benefits. However, the chemicals responsible for these health benefits remain unveiled. In this work, two novel prenylated flavonoids were isolated from mulberry leaf. Their structures were identified and named as morachalcone D and morachalcone E. The protective effects of these two compounds were investigated, against endogenous oxidative damage (oxytosis/ferroptosis) induced by glutamate and erastin in HT22 cells. The results revealed that morachalcone D was much more potent in preventing from glutamate- and erastin-induced cell death than morachalcone E. The neuroprotective effect of morachalcone D was related to the prevention of ROS production, glutathione depletion, and iron accumulation. Morachalcone D upregulated the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, including GPx4, CAT, SOD2, Nrf2, HMOX1 and SLC7A11. These findings indicated that morachalcone D was responsible for the health benefits of mulberry leaf, and could be a potent neuroprotective agent for use in dietary supplements and functional foods.
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Li D, Ma B, Xu X, Chen G, Li T, He N. MMHub, a database for the mulberry metabolome. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2020:5798906. [PMID: 32159764 PMCID: PMC7065671 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry is an important economic crop plant and traditional medicine. It contains a huge array of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, amino acids, alkaloids and vitamins. Consequently, mulberry has received increasing attention in recent years. MMHub (version 1.0) is the first open public repository of mass spectra of small chemical compounds (<1000 Da) in mulberry leaves. The database contains 936 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS2) data and lists the specific distribution of compounds in 91 mulberry resources with two biological duplicates. ESI-MS2 data were obtained under non-standardized and independent experimental conditions. In total, 124 metabolites were identified or tentatively annotated and details of 90 metabolites with associated chemical structures have been deposited in the database. Supporting information such as PubChem compound information, molecular formula and metabolite classification are also provided in the MS2 spectral tag library. The MMHub provides important and comprehensive metabolome data for scientists working with mulberry. This information will be useful for the screening of quality resources and specific metabolites of mulberry. Database URL: https://biodb.swu.edu.cn/mmdb/
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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A Comparative Study on the Phenolic Composition and Biological Activities of Morus alba L. Commercial Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173082. [PMID: 31450672 PMCID: PMC6749595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. (white mulberry) has been commonly used as a functional food and for medicinal purposes. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the phenolic profile of white mulberry commercial samples in relation to their antioxidant potential and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. It is of interest to determine whether herbal products originating from different commercial sources differ in their phenolic profiles. For this purpose, a simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the separation and determination of ten major phenolic compounds. Total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), and total phenolic acid contents (TPAC), as well as l(+)-ascorbic acid (ASA) contents, were determined. The antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, while the AChE inhibitory activity was determined by the Ellman assay for water extracts. The study revealed that excluding two herbal products containing fruits and a sample containing leaves of white mulberry, yerba mate and lemon, the remaining samples were generally consistent in terms of phenolic composition as well as antioxidant potential and AChE inhibitory activity. This reflects the health-promoting properties of the samples under study. Moreover, the results showed that the water extracts of white mulberry were richer in phenolic compounds and presented higher antioxidant activity than the hydromethanolic extracts. However, the water extracts showed low inhibitory activity against AChE. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated a high positive relationship between phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in extracts of white mulberry. Overall, the obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary supplements and food products. The water extracts of white mulberry could be used for antioxidant purposes, while the hydromethanolic extracts could be incorporated in antioxidant formulations.
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Thakur K, Zhang YY, Mocan A, Zhang F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. 1-Deoxynojirimycin, its potential for management of non-communicable metabolic diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using S1 genotype of Morus alba leaf extract: characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential assessment. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Shal B, Ding W, Ali H, Kim YS, Khan S. Anti-neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in Attenuation of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29896105 PMCID: PMC5986949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment most common in elderly population. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed by numerous researcher, although, exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Several studies have been indicated that neuroinflammation associated with deposition of amyloid- beta (Aβ) in brain is a major hallmark toward the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. So, there is a need to unravel the link of inflammatory process in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, expression of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) participate in inflammatory process of AD. This review mainly concentrates on involvement of neuroinflammation and the molecular mechanisms adapted by various natural compounds, phytochemicals and herbal formulations in various signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Currently, pharmacologically active natural products, having anti-neuroinflammatory potential are being focused which makes them potential candidate to cure AD. A number of preclinical and clinical trials have been done on nutritional and botanical agents. Analysis of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroidal saponins displays therapeutic potential toward amelioration and prevention of devastating neurodegeneration observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yeong S Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gramza-Michałowska A, Kmiecik D, Kobus-Cisowska J, Żywica A, Dziedzic K, Brzozowska A. Phytonutrients in Oat (Avena Sativa) Drink: Effect of Plant Extract on Antiradical Capacity, Nutritional Value and Sensory Characteristics. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kuk EB, Jo AR, Oh SI, Sohn HS, Seong SH, Roy A, Choi JS, Jung HA. Anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity of compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:338-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gao K, Zheng C, Wang T, Zhao H, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhai X, Jia Z, Chen J, Zhou Y, Wang W. 1-Deoxynojirimycin: Occurrence, Extraction, Chemistry, Oral Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and In Silico Target Fishing. Molecules 2016; 21:E1600. [PMID: 27886092 PMCID: PMC6273535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ, C₆H13NO₄, 163.17 g/mol), an alkaloid azasugar or iminosugar, is a biologically active natural compound that exists in mulberry leaves and Commelina communis (dayflower) as well as from several bacterial strains such as Bacillus and Streptomyces species. Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features. Therefore, the aim of this detailed review article is to summarize the existing knowledge on occurrence, extraction, purification, determination, chemistry, and bioactivities of DNJ, so that researchers may use it to explore future perspectives of research on DNJ. Moreover, possible molecular targets of DNJ will also be investigated using suitable in silico approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chenglong Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13 DouFuChi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100009, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Beijing Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13 DouFuChi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100009, China.
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xing Zhai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zijun Jia
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yingwu Zhou
- Beijing Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13 DouFuChi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100009, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
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Akhlaq A, Mehmood MH, Rehman A, Ashraf Z, Syed S, Bawany SA, Gilani AH, Ilyas M, Siddiqui BS. The Prokinetic, Laxative, and Antidiarrheal Effects of Morus nigra: Possible Muscarinic, Ca(2+) Channel Blocking, and Antimuscarinic Mechanisms. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1362-76. [PMID: 27230535 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Morus nigra Linn. (black mulberry) is used in gastrointestinal ailments. This study demonstrates gut modulatory properties of M. nigra. The prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal activities of M. nigra were assessed in mice, while isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum were used to explore insight into mechanism(s). At 30 and 70 mg/kg, the crude extract of M. nigra (Mn.Cr) exhibited atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative effects, similar to carbachol (CCh). While at higher doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg), Mn.Cr offered protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea. In rabbit jejunum, Mn.Cr and its chloroform fraction inhibited CCh-induced contractions more potently compared with high K(+) (80 mm). Conversely, petroleum fraction was more potent against high-K(+) -induced contractions. At 0.01 mg/mL, Mn.Cr caused a parallel shift in acetylcholine concentration-response curves (CRCs) followed by a non-parallel shift at 0.03 mg/mL, similar to dicyclomine. At further tested concentrations, Mn.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL) and petroleum fraction suppressed Ca(2+) CRCs, similar to verapamil. In guinea-pig ileum, Mn.Cr, its aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited atropine-sensitive gut stimulant activity along with additional uncharacterized excitatory response in the aqueous fraction only. These results suggest that black mulberry possesses prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal effects, putatively mediated through cholinomimetic, antimuscarinic, and Ca(2+) antagonist mechanisms, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Akhlaq
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan.,Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zohaib Ashraf
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Syed
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Samira Ahmed Bawany
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Sindh, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Ilyas
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bina Shaheen Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan
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Lee NK, Jeong JH, Oh J, Kim Y, Ha YS, Jeong YS. Conversion of Flavonols Kaempferol and Quercetin in Mulberry (M
orus Alba
L.) Leaf Using Plant-Fermenting L
actobacillus Plantarum. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Keun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program; Department of Animal Science; Institute Agricultural Science & Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Young Sik Ha
- R&D Center; Seoul Dairy Cooperative; Ansan Korea
| | - Yong-Seob Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
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Rivière C, Krisa S, Péchamat L, Nassra M, Delaunay JC, Marchal A, Badoc A, Waffo-Téguo P, Mérillon JM. Polyphenols from the stems of Morus alba and their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. Fitoterapia 2014; 97:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Jiang YG, Wang CY, Jin C, Jia JQ, Guo X, Zhang GZ, Gui ZZ. Improved 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) production in mulberry leaves fermented by microorganism. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:721-9. [PMID: 25242964 PMCID: PMC4166305 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNJ, an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, is used to suppress the elevation of postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we focus on screening an appropriate microorganism for performing fermentation to improve DNJ content in mulberry leaf. Results showed that Ganoderma lucidum was selected from 8 species and shown to be the most effective in improvement of DNJ production from mulberry leaves through fermentation. Based on single factor and three factor influence level tests by following the Plackett-Burman design, the optimum extraction yield was analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The extracted DNJ was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FD). The results of RSM showed that the optimal condition for mulberry fermentation was defined as pH 6.97, potassium nitrate content 0.81% and inoculums volume 2 mL. The extraction efficiency reached to 0.548% in maximum which is 2.74 fold of those in mulberry leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gang Jiang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chu-Yan Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China. ; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Hefei University Hefei China Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Jia
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China. ; Sericultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhenjiang China Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China. ; Sericultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhenjiang China Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Zhang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China. ; Sericultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhenjiang China Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Gui
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China. ; Sericultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhenjiang China Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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Syad AN, Devi KP. Assessment of anti-amyloidogenic activity of marine red alga G. acerosa against Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide 25-35. Neurol Res 2014; 37:14-22. [PMID: 25016970 DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amyloid hypothesis stimulates the discovery of compounds, which promotes beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) clearance, thereby altering the underlying pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, the present study aims at the evaluation of anti-amyloidogenic potential of Gelidiella acerosa. METHODS Prevention of Aβ 25-35 aggregate formation and disaggregation of pre-formed fibrils by G. acerosa was evaluated in three phases by thioflavin T spectrophotometric assay. The results were further validated by confocal microscopic analysis. The conformational changes in the aggregated and non-aggregated Aβ in the presence of G. acerosa were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS Phase-I study shows that G. acerosa reverts (4.56 ± 0.35 AU at 96 hours) the increase in fluorescence intensity of aggregated Aβ (18.76 ± 0.99 AU) significantly (P < 0.05) as that of non-aggregated peptides, which suggests that G. acerosa prevents the formation of oligomers from monomers. The seaweed also prevents the fibril formation even after the aggregation process was initiated at 20 hours, which was verified by the significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the fluorescence intensity (2.94 ± 0.0721 AU) at 36 hours (Phase II). In addition, G. acerosa promotes fibrillar destabilization (Phase III), which was further substantiated by confocal microscopic analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that alteration in amide I and amide II band spectrum, which occurs due to Aβ 25-35 aggregation was restored upon co-treatment with G. acerosa benzene extract. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that G. acerosa might have direct interaction with the aggregated peptide, thereby preventing oligomerization and fibrillation of Aβ 25-35.
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Gupta G, Verma R, David SR, Chellappan DK, Anwar F, Dua K. Hepatoprotective activity of moralbosteroid, a steroidal glycoside isolated from Morus alba. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Anticonvulsant activity of Morusin isolated from Morus alba: Modulation of GABA receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Kurzeja E, Stec M, Ramos P, Pilawa B, Pawłowska-Góral K. Antioxidant Properties of Water Extracts of Sterilized and Unsterilized Morus alba L. Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.565901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kurzeja
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stec
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Paweł Ramos
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
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25
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Antiulcer and antioxidant activities of a new steroid from Morus alba. Life Sci 2012; 92:202-10. [PMID: 23270943 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Morus alba is a plant that is well known for its medicinal properties. In Asian countries, it is traditionally used for anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiulcer and antioxidant activity of a new steroid from M. alba. MAIN METHODS Column chromatography was employed to isolate different compounds from M. alba. The molecular structures of the compounds were characterized via IR, UV, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. A newly isolated compound was tested for antiulcer activity in pylorus-ligation- and ethanol-induced ulcer models and biochemically estimated for SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GSH and LPO levels. KEY FINDINGS Five new compounds were isolated; one of these was a new steroid named albosteroid. This new compound exhibits significant (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001) antiulcer activity in pylorus-ligation- and ethanol-induced ulcer models. Furthermore, this compound showed significant dose-dependent reversal of ethanol-diminished activity in antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH, and reduced the ethanol-elevated levels of GR and LPO. SIGNIFICANCE The present study clearly demonstrates the anti-ulcer and antioxidant potential of compound 1, which was supported by macroscopic and histopathological studies of stomach wall tissues of differently treated groups of rats.
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26
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Yang TP, Lee HJ, Ou TT, Chang YJ, Wang CJ. Mulberry leaf polyphenol extract induced apoptosis involving regulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/fatty acid synthase in a p53-negative hepatocellular carcinoma cell. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6891-6898. [PMID: 22676643 DOI: 10.1021/jf302183x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenols in mulberry leaf possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. It was reported that the p53 status plays an important role in switching apoptosis and the cell cycle following adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In this study, we aimed to detect the effect of the mulberry leaf polyphenol extract (MLPE) on inducing cell death in p53-negative (Hep3B) and p53-positive (Hep3B with transfected p53) hepatocellular carcinoma cells and also to clarify the role of p53 in MLPE-treated cells. After treatment of the Hep3B cells with MLPE, apoptosis was induced via the AMPK/PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 family pathways. Transient transfection of p53 into Hep3B cells led to switching autophagy instead of apoptosis by MLPE treatment. We demonstrated that acridine orange staining and protein expressions of LC-3 and beclin-1 were increased in p53-transfected cells. These results implied induction of apoptosis or autophagy in MLPE-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells can be due to the p53 status. We also found MLPE can not only activate AMPK but also diminish fatty acid synthase, a molecular target for cancer inhibition. At present, our results indicate MLPE can play an active role in mediating the cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the p53 might play an important role in regulating the death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi-Peng Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology and ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Kumar S, Okello EJ, Harris JR. Experimental inhibition of fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other disease-related peptides/proteins by plant extracts and herbal compounds. Subcell Biochem 2012; 65:295-326. [PMID: 23225009 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and associated cyto/neurotoxicity are major pathological events and hallmarks in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The understanding of Aβ molecular pathogenesis is currently a pharmacological target for rational drug design and discovery based on reduction of Aβ generation, inhibition of Aβ fibrillogenesis and aggregation, enhancement of Aβ clearance and amelioration of associated cytotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms for other amyloidoses, such as transthyretin amyloidosis, AL-amyloidosis, as well as α-synuclein and prion protein are also pharmacological targets for current drug therapy, design and discovery. We report on natural herbal compounds and extracts that are capable binding to and inhibiting different targets associated with AD and other amyloid-associated diseases, providing a basis for future therapeutic strategies. Many herbal compounds, including curcumin, galantamine, quercetin and other polyphenols, are under active investigation and hold considerable potential for future prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as systemic amyloid diseases. A common emerging theme throughout many studies is the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the compounds or herbal extracts under investigation, within the context of the inhibition of cyto/neurotoxicity and anti-amyloid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, 10075, Dwarka, Delhi, India,
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28
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Pasinetti GM, Wang J, Porter S, Ho L. Caloric intake, dietary lifestyles, macronutrient composition, and alzheimer' disease dementia. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:806293. [PMID: 21808725 PMCID: PMC3144673 DOI: 10.4061/2011/806293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative condition currently affecting over 5 million elderly individuals in the United States. There is much evidence suggesting that certain dietary lifestyles can help to prevent and possibly treat Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we discuss how certain cardiovascular and diabetic conditions can induce an increased susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms through which this occurs. We further discuss how the consumption of certain foods or food components can help to reduce one's risk for Alzheimer's disease and may possibly be developed as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shanee Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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29
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Targeting NADPH oxidase and phospholipases A2 in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 41:73-86. [PMID: 20195796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by an increase in the production of extracellular beta amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles associated with a decline in brain function. Increases in oxidative stress are regarded as an early sign of AD pathophysiology, although the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mechanism(s) whereby beta amyloid peptides (Abeta) impact oxidative stress have not been adequately investigated. Recent studies provide strong evidence for the involvement of NADPH oxidase and its downstream oxidative signaling pathways in the toxic effects elicited by Abeta. ROS produced by NADPH oxidase activate multiple signaling pathways leading to neuronal excitotoxicity and glial cell-mediated inflammation. This review describes recent studies demonstrating the neurotoxic effects of Abeta in conjunction with ROS produced by NADPH oxidase and the downstream pathways leading to activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and secretory PLA(2). In addition, this review also describes recent studies using botanical antioxidants to protect against oxidative damage associated with AD. Investigating the metabolic and signaling pathways involving Abeta NADPH oxidase and PLA(2) can help understand the mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative effects of oxidative stress in AD. This information should provide new therapeutic approaches for prevention of this debilitating disease.
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30
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Effect of salts on the rheology of hydrocolloids from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in concentrated domain. Food Hydrocoll 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Scott LE, Orvig C. Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Approaches to Passivation and Removal of Aberrant Metal Ions in Disease. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4885-910. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Scott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) has no cure or preventive treatment, an urgent need exists to find a means of preventing, delaying the onset, or reversing the course of the disease. Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, especially nutrition, may be crucial in controlling AD. Unhealthy lifestyle choices lead to an increasing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension--components of the metabolic syndrome. These disorders can also be linked to AD. Recent research supports the hypothesis that calorie intake, among other non-genetic factors, can influence the risk of clinical dementia. In animal studies, high calorie intake in the form of saturated fat promoted AD-type amyloidosis, while calorie restriction via reduced carbohydrate intake prevented it. Pending further study, it is prudent to recommend to those at risk for AD--e.g. with a family history or features of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin insensitivity, etc.--to avoid foods and beverages with added sugars; to eat whole, unrefined foods with natural fats, especially fish, nuts and seeds, olives and olive oil; and to minimize foods that disrupt insulin and blood sugar balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Center of Excellence for Research in Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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