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Protective Effect of CP690550 in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Like Behavioural, Biochemical and Histological Alterations in Mice. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:564-572. [PMID: 35366203 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Janus-activated kinases (JAKs) are well known to play a physiological as well as pathological role in several disease conditions such as autoimmune disorders. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of CP690550 (pan-JAK inhibitor) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tertahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease. Intrastriatal administration of MPTP (30 micromol in 2 microl) produced a significant alteration in behavioural (bar test and block test). Biochemical investigations in serum and brain homogenate revealed a significant alteration in the JAK-mediated cytokine levels. MPTP administration also showed significant imbalance of inflammatory (increased TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κb) versus anti-inflammatory cytokines (decreased IL-10 levels). MPTP-treated brain sections revealed alteration in the tissue architecture as well as undifferentiated bodies of varying contour and lesions. Chronic administration of CP690550 (3 and 10 mg/kg, po) for 7 days significantly reversed the behavioural, biochemical and histological alterations induced by MPTP. In conclusion, the findings of the present study govern the possible therapeutic potential of CP690550 in MPTP-treated mice and thus highlight the therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors in treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Mudò G, Mäkelä J, Liberto VD, Tselykh TV, Olivieri M, Piepponen P, Eriksson O, Mälkiä A, Bonomo A, Kairisalo M, Aguirre JA, Korhonen L, Belluardo N, Lindholm D. Transgenic expression and activation of PGC-1α protect dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1153-65. [PMID: 21984601 PMCID: PMC11114858 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress occur in Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling these events. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that is a master regulator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism. We show here that transgenic mice overexpressing PGC-1α in dopaminergic neurons are resistant against cell degeneration induced by the neurotoxin MPTP. The increase in neuronal viability was accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial antioxidants SOD2 and Trx2 in the substantia nigra of transgenic mice. PGC-1α overexpression also protected against MPTP-induced striatal loss of dopamine, and mitochondria from PGC-1α transgenic mice showed an increased respiratory control ratio compared with wild-type animals. To modulate PGC-1α, we employed the small molecular compound, resveratrol (RSV) that protected dopaminergic neurons against the MPTP-induced cell degeneration almost to the same extent as after PGC-1α overexpression. As studied in vitro, RSV activated PGC-1α in dopaminergic SN4741 cells via the deacetylase SIRT1, and enhanced PGC-1α gene transcription with increases in SOD2 and Trx2. Taken together, the results reveal an important function of PGC-1α in dopaminergic neurons to combat oxidative stress and increase neuronal viability. RSV and other compounds acting via SIRT1/PGC-1α may prove useful as neuroprotective agents in PD and possibly in other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Johanna Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Timofey V. Tselykh
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Melania Olivieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Petteri Piepponen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Mälkiä
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandra Bonomo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Minna Kairisalo
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose A. Aguirre
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 27071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Gupta A, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK. Targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory signaling by selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors mitigates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:974-81. [PMID: 21291942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have pointed towards the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study was focused on the possible neuroprotective effect of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-inhibitors: valdecoxib and NS-398 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tertahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. MPTP administration in dose of 40 mg/kg, i.p (four injections of 10mg/kg, i.p. at an interval of 1h each) significantly induced the Parkinson-like symptoms in mice as indicated by change in locomotor activity, inability to correct posture (bar test), and oxidative stress (increased levels of lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and depletion of antioxidant enzyme). MPTP administration significantly impaired mitochondrial complex-I activity and redox activity, upregulated the caspase-3 and NF-κB levels as compared to vehicle group. Treatment with valdecoxib (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or NS-398 (5 or 10mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days significantly reversed behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial complex alterations as well as attenuated the induction of proinflammatory mediators in MPTP-treated groups. The findings of the present study substantiate the neuroprotective role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in ameliorating MPTP-induced neurodegeneration in mice and suggest the possible therapeutic potential of these drugs in the management of PD.
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Gupta A, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK. Licofelone attenuates MPTP-induced neuronal toxicity: behavioral, biochemical and cellular evidence. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 18:223-32. [PMID: 20697819 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play critical role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent reports indicate the beneficial effect of anti-inflammatory drugs in attenuating the progression of PD. Therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate the possible role of licofelone, a dual COX/LOX-inhibitor against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Administration of MPTP (40 mg/kg in divided doses of four injections of 10 mg/kg, i.p. each at 1 h interval) significantly impaired locomotor activity and induced catatonia, oxidative damage (elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion and nitrite, and decreased levels of non-protein thiols) as compared with vehicle-treated animals. Biochemical studies revealed significant alterations in mitochondrial enzyme complex activities (decreased complex-I activity and mitochondrial viability) and increased levels of caspase-3 and NF-κB/p65 as compared to vehicle treated group. Licofelone (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) treatment for 7 days significantly improved locomotor activity, attenuated the severity of catatonia, oxidative damage and restored mitochondrial enzyme complex activity as compared to MPTP-treated group. Licofelone treatment also attenuated the expression of apoptotic factor (caspase-3) and transcription factor (NF-κB/p65) as compared to MPTP-treated group. The findings of the present study suggest that licofelone (dual inhibitor of COX and LOX) represents a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which may provide a novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Marcellino D, Suárez-Boomgaard D, Sánchez-Reina MD, Aguirre JA, Yoshitake T, Yoshitake S, Hagman B, Kehr J, Agnati LF, Fuxe K, Rivera A. On the role of P2X7 receptors in dopamine nerve cell degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: studies with the P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:681-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Swarbrick ME, Beswick PJ, Gleave RJ, Green RH, Bingham S, Bountra C, Carter MC, Chambers LJ, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Collins SD, Corfield JA, Hartley CD, Kleanthous S, Lambeth PF, Lucas FS, Mathews N, Naylor A, Page LW, Payne JJ, Pegg NA, Price HS, Skidmore J, Stevens AJ, Stocker R, Stratton SC, Stuart AJ, Wiseman JO. Identification of [4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidinyl] amines and ethers as potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4504-8. [PMID: 19520573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of [4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidine-based cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, which have a different arrangement of substituents compared to the more common 1,2-diarylheterocycle based molecules, have been discovered. For example, 2-(butyloxy)-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (47), a member of the 2-pyrimidinyl ether series, has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor with a favourable pharmacokinetic profile, high brain penetration and good efficacy in rat models of hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Swarbrick
- Pain and Neuroexcitability Discovery Performance Unit, Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
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