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Jo HS, Hsieh TH, Chien WC, Shaw FZ, Liang SF, Kung CC. Probing the neural dynamics of musicians' and non-musicians' consonant/dissonant perception: Joint analyses of electrical encephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neuroimage 2024; 298:120784. [PMID: 39147290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of two (or more) simultaneous musical notes, depending on their pitch interval(s), could be broadly categorized as consonant or dissonant. Previous literature has suggested that musicians and non-musicians adopt different strategies when discerning music intervals: while musicians rely on the frequency ratios between the two fundamental frequencies, such as "perfect fifth" (3:2) as consonant and "tritone" (45:32) as dissonant intervals; non-musicians may rely on the presence of 'roughness' or 'beats', generated by the difference of fundamental frequencies, as the key elements of 'dissonance'. The separate Event-Related Potential (ERP) differences in N1 and P2 along the midline electrodes provided evidence congruent with such 'separate reliances'. To replicate and to extend, in this study we reran the previous experiment, and separately collected fMRI data of the same protocol (with sparse sampling modifications). The behavioral and EEG results largely corresponded to our previous finding. The fMRI results, with the joint analyses by univariate, psycho-physiological interaction, and representational similarity analysis (RSA) approaches, further reinforce the involvement of central midline-related brain regions, such as ventromedial prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, in consonant/dissonance judgments. The final spatiotemporal searchlight RSA provided convincing evidence that the medial prefrontal cortex, along with the bilateral superior temporal cortex, is the joint locus of midline N1 and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for the P2 effect (for musicians). Together, these analyses reaffirm that musicians rely more on experience-driven knowledge for consonance/dissonance perception; but also demonstrate the advantages of multiple analyses in constraining the findings from both EEG and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shin Jo
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hao Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407224, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chien
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Mind Research and Imaging Center, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Kung
- Department of Psychology, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Mind Research and Imaging Center, NCKU, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Guo S, Peng K, Ding R, Zhou J, Liu Y, He Y, Liu Y, Li K, Liu P, Luo C, Lu J, Yao D. Chinese and Western Musical Training Impacts the Circuit in Auditory and Reward Systems. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663015. [PMID: 34366771 PMCID: PMC8334552 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have provided evidence about the brain plasticity effects of musical training, however, the issue of how expertise in music styles induced by Chinese or Western musical training affects neuroplasticity and reward responses has been less considered, especially for subjects of Chinese origin. In this work, 16 musicians who trained in the Western music style (Western-trained musicians) and 18 musicians who trained in the Chinese music style (Chinese-trained musicians) were recruited as the musician group for the experiment, while 15 non-musicians were recruited as the control group. Using a paradigm that consisted of listening to Chinese and Western music and measurements using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, we found that Chinese-trained musicians activated the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) when listening to music, while Western-trained musicians activated the left STG. In addition, under the condition of listening to music with Chinese style, Chinese-trained musicians have a stronger functional connection in the circuit of the auditory and reward system than Western-trained musicians. The finding is opposite under the condition of listening to music with Western style. Interestingly, it seems that the circuit of Chinese-trained musicians is partial to the right STG, while Western-trained musicians show the opposite, i.e., a tendency toward the left STG. The influence of different music styles on experienced musicians is reflected by the functional activities and connections between the auditory system and the reward system. This outcome indicates that training in Chinese music style or Western music style affects the strategies of musicians when listening to music. Musical characteristics such as rhythm, melody and cultural attributes play an important role in this process. These findings, which provide evidence for functional neuroplasticity based on musical training, can enrich our insights into the musical brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Music Education, Xinghai Conservatory of Music, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao He
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Imaging, The 306th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Music Education, China Conservatory of Music, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ono K, Altmann CF, Matsuhashi M, Mima T, Fukuyama H. Neural correlates of perceptual grouping effects in the processing of sound omission by musicians and nonmusicians. Hear Res 2014; 319:25-31. [PMID: 25446245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual grouping is the process of organizing sounds into perceptually meaningful elements. Psychological studies have found that tones presented as a regular frequency or temporal pattern are grouped according to gestalt principles, such as similarity, proximity, and good continuity. Predictive coding theory suggests that this process helps create an internal model for the prediction of sounds in a tone sequence and that an omission-related brain response reflects the violation of this prediction. However, it remains unclear which brain areas are related to this process, especially in paying attention to the stimuli. To clarify this uncertainty, the present study investigated the neural correlates of perceptual grouping effects. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we recorded the evoked response fields (ERFs) of amateur musicians and nonmusicians to sound omissions in tone sequences with a regular or random pattern of three different frequencies during an omission detection task. Omissions in the regular sequences were detected faster and evoked greater activity in the left Heschl's gyrus (HG), right postcentral gyrus, and bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) than did omissions in the irregular sequences. Additionally, an interaction between musical experience and regularity was found in the left HG/STG. Tone-evoked responses did not show this difference, indicating that the expertise effect did not reflect the superior tone processing acquired by amateur musicians due to musical training. These results suggest that perceptual grouping based on repetition of a pattern of frequencies affects the processing of omissions in tone sequences and induces more activation of the bilateral auditory cortex by violating internal models. The interaction in the left HG/STG may suggest different styles of processing for musicians and nonmusicians, although this difference was not reflected at the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ono
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Christian F Altmann
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mima
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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