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Yarns BC, Molaie AM, Lumley MA, Zhu TA, Jazi AN, Ganz DA, Melrose RJ. Video telehealth emotional awareness and expression therapy for older U.S. military veterans with chronic pain: A pilot study. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:136-148. [PMID: 36541672 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2159909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET) targets trauma and emotional conflict to reduce or eliminate chronic pain, but video telehealth administration is untested. This uncontrolled pilot assessed acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of group-based video telehealth EAET (vEAET) for older veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Twenty veterans were screened, and 16 initiated vEAET, delivered as one 60-minute individual session and eight 90-minute group sessions. Veterans completed posttreatment satisfaction ratings and pain severity (primary outcome), pain interference, anxiety, depression, functioning, social connectedness, shame, and anger questionnaires at baseline, posttreatment, and 2-month follow-up. RESULTS Satisfaction was high, and veterans attended 7.4 (SD = 0.6) of 8 group sessions; none discontinued treatment. Veterans attained significant, large reductions in pain severity from baseline to posttreatment (p < .001, Hedges' g = -1.54) and follow-up (p < .001, g = -1.20); 14 of 16 achieved clinically significant (≥ 30%) pain reduction, and 3 achieved 90-100% pain reduction. Secondary outcomes demonstrated significant, medium-to-large improvements. CONCLUSIONS In this small sample, vEAET produced better attendance, similar benefits, and fewer dropouts than in-person EAET in prior studies. Larger, controlled trials are needed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Group vEAET appears feasible and highly effective for older veterans with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Yarns
- Department of Psychiatry/Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali M Molaie
- Department of Psychiatry/Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tongtong A Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry/Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Najafian Jazi
- Department of Psychiatry/Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David A Ganz
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, & Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Melrose
- Department of Psychiatry/Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Foulk M, Montagnini M, Fitzgerald J, Ingersoll-Dayton B. Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy for Chronic Pain Management in Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37378667 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2229307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There were two quality improvement goals for this project: (1) to evaluate the outcomes of an 8-week geriatric-focused mindfulness-based group therapy program for chronic pain management called "Mindfulness-based Chronic Pain Care" offered at a senior community center affiliated with a geriatric primary care clinic, and (2) to obtain feedback from participants to make relevant modifications for future groups. METHODS The program consisted of eight 150-minute weekly sessions. Thirteen community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and older participated in the program. The study utilized a non-randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. Participants completed pre- and post-program evaluations measuring pain and related psychosocial outcomes and were also asked to evaluate the importance of the group. Intervention and control groups were compared by t-test, chi-square likelihood ratio, Fischer's exact test, and multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS There were statistically significant improvements in three areas: 1) increased activity level, 2) increased "pain willingness," and 3) decreased generalized anxiety symptoms. Qualitative analysis highlighted how this intervention was important to participants. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot program indicate promising outcomes for older adults suffering from chronic pain. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The Mindfulness-based Chronic Pain Care program was a practical, feasible, and acceptable approach for pain management among program participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Foulk
- Department of Social Work /Geriatrics Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbo, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcos Montagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbo, Michigan, USA
| | - James Fitzgerald
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Danhauer SC, Miller ME, Divers J, Anderson A, Hargis G, Brenes GA. A Randomized Preference Trial Comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Yoga for the Treatment of Late-Life Worry: Examination of Impact on Depression, Generalized Anxiety, Fatigue, Pain, Social Participation, and Physical Function. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:2164957X221100405. [PMID: 35601466 PMCID: PMC9118438 DOI: 10.1177/2164957x221100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, generalized anxiety, fatigue, diminished physical function, reduced social participation, and pain are common for many older adults and negatively impact quality of life. The purpose of the overall trial was to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and yoga on late-life worry, anxiety, and sleep; and examine preference and selection effects on these outcomes. Objective The present analyses compared effects of the 2 interventions on additional outcomes (depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, fatigue, pain interference/intensity, physical function, social participation); and examined whether there are preference and selection effects for these treatments. Methods A randomized preference trial of CBT and yoga was conducted in adults ≥60 years who scored ≥26 on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A), recruited from outpatient medical clinics, mailings, and advertisements. Cognitive-behavioral therapy consisted of 10 weekly telephone sessions. Yoga consisted of 20 bi-weekly group yoga classes. Participants were randomized to(1): a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of CBT or yoga (n = 250); or (2) a preference trial in which they selected their treatment (CBT or yoga; n = 250). Outcomes were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Results Within the RCT, there were significant between-group differences for both pain interference and intensity. The pain interference score improved more for the CBT group compared with the yoga group [intervention effect of (mean (95% CI) = 2.5 (.5, 4.6), P = .02]. For the pain intensity score, the intervention effect also favored CBT over yoga [.7 (.2, 1.3), P < .01]. Depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and fatigue showed clinically meaningful within-group changes in both groups. There were no changes in or difference between physical function or social participation for either group. No preference or selection effects were found. Conclusion Both CBT and yoga may be useful for older adults for improving psychological symptoms and fatigue. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may offer even greater benefit than yoga for decreasing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Danhauer
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Division of Health Services Research, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gena Hargis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gretchen A Brenes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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O’Reilly PM, Harney OM, Hogan MJ, Mitchell C, McGuire BE, Slattery B. Chronic pain self-management in middle-aged and older adults: A collective intelligence approach to identifying barriers and user needs in eHealth interventions. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221105484. [PMID: 35694121 PMCID: PMC9185015 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives eHealth refers to health services and health information delivered or
enhanced through the internet and related technologies. The number of
eHealth interventions for chronic pain self-management is increasing.
However, little evidence has been found for the overall efficacy of these
interventions for older adults. The aim of the current study was to use a
Collective Intelligence approach to identify the barriers and specific user
needs of middle-aged and older adults using eHealth for chronic pain
self-management. Methods A Collective Intelligence workshop was conducted with middle-aged and older
adults to generate, clarify, select, and structure ideas in relation to
barriers to eHealth use and specific design requirements for the purposes of
chronic pain self-management. Prior to attending the workshop, participants
received a trigger question requesting the identification of five barriers
to eHealth use for chronic pain self-management. These barriers were
categorised and presented to the group along with barrier-related scenarios
and user need prompts, resulting in the generation of a set of ranked
barriers and a set of user needs. Results A total of 78 barriers were identified, from which six categories emerged:
Content, Support, Technological, Personal, Computer Literacy and
Accessibility. Additional idea-writing and group reflection in response to
these barriers revealed 97 user needs. Conclusion This is the first study to use Collective Intelligence methods to investigate
barriers to eHealth technology use and the specific user needs of
middle-aged and older adults in the context of chronic pain self-management.
The results of the current study provide a platform for the design and
development of enhanced eHealth interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M O’Reilly
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Owen M Harney
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caroline Mitchell
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Slattery
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Ledermann K, Abou Khaled O, Caon M, Berger T, Chabwine JN, Wicht J, Martin-Soelch C. An Ecological Monitoring and Management App (EMMA) for Older Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Design and Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e26930. [PMID: 34435969 PMCID: PMC8430865 DOI: 10.2196/26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a complex problem for many older adults that affects both physical functioning and psychological well-being. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have shown promise in supporting older persons in managing chronic conditions. Cognitive behavior therapy is recommended for older people with chronic pain. However, web-based treatment programs for chronic pain are not aimed at the needs of older people and offer standard therapies without providing tailored treatment for this population. Objective To address this problem, we aim to develop a psychological web-based intervention for ecological monitoring of daily life experiences with chronic pain called EMMA to support self-management of chronic pain in older adults. Methods The key clinical and engagement features of the intervention were established through the integration of evidence-based material from cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of chronic pain in older adults. The development process uses a co-design approach and actively involves end-users in the design process by incorporating feedback from focus groups with older adults in order to inform a user-centered intervention design. For the co-design process, we will include 10 older adults with chronic pain, who will discuss the requirements for the app in workshops in order to ensure suitability of the app for older adults with chronic pain. In order to test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, we will include a sample of 30 older adults with chronic pain who will test all features of the intervention for a period of 8 consecutive weeks. After the trial period, validated instruments will be used to assess usability and acceptability, as well as influence on pain levels and associated physical and psychological symptoms. Participants will be invited to take part in a semistructured telephone interviews after the trial period to explore their experiences using the app. Results Digitalization of the pain diary and psychotherapeutic content has started. Recruitment of participants for the co-design workshops will start as soon as we have a functioning prototype of the electronic pain diary and EMMA intervention, which is expected to be in September 2021. The feasibility study will start as soon as the co-design process is finished and required changes have been implemented into the pain diary and the EMMA intervention. We expect to start the feasibility study early in 2022. Conclusions Required changes to assure usability and acceptability will be directly implemented in the app. EMMA brings together a strong body of evidence using cognitive behavioral and self-management theory with contemporary mHealth principles, allowing for a cost-effective intervention that can be used to target chronic pain anywhere and anytime by older adults. Given the ubiquity of mHealth interventions for chronic conditions, the results of this study may serve to inform the development of tailored self-management interventions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/26930
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ledermann
- Department of Consiliar and Liaison Psychiary, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Omar Abou Khaled
- Human Tech Institute, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Caon
- Digital Business Center, School of Management, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Joelle N Chabwine
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Wicht
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Shalev A, Henderson CR, Gutierrez I, Mullen E, Reid MC. The Prevalence and Potential Role of Pain Beliefs When Managing Later-Life Pain. Clin J Pain 2021; 37:251-258. [PMID: 33323790 PMCID: PMC8686205 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study of 154 community-dwelling older adults with chronic noncancer pain, we sought to assess participants' beliefs about pain as well as pain management treatments and to determine the influence of those beliefs on participants' willingness to undertake 3 physician-recommended pain treatments, that is, a pharmacologic, physical, and psychological therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 16-item questionnaire was employed to ascertain participants' pain beliefs, divided into 4 subscales representing: (1) negative beliefs about pharmacological treatments, (2) positive beliefs about physical treatment approaches, for example, exercise, (3) positive beliefs about psychological treatments, and (4) fatalistic beliefs about pain. Participants were asked to rate their willingness to undertake a pharmacologic, physical, or psychological therapy if their physician recommended that they do so. Agreement with each belief was measured, and we examined willingness to undertake each treatment as a function of pain belief subscale scores after controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Positive beliefs about physical treatments (eg, benefits of exercise) were the most strongly endorsed items on the pain beliefs questionnaire. All 3 treatment-focused pain beliefs subscales were significantly associated with willingness to undertake that form of treatment (eg, negative beliefs about pain medication use were associated with decreased willingness to take pain medication). Fatalistic attitudes were significantly associated with a decreased willingness to undertake physical treatments. DISCUSSION These results support the notion that patients' beliefs about pain and pain treatments can have important effects on treatment engagement and, if assessed, can help guide clinical management of chronic pain in older adults.
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Hardman R, Lawn S, Tsourtos G. Pain Self-Management: Easier Said than Done? Factors Associated with Early Dropout from Pain Self-Management in a Rural Primary Care Population. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:267-277. [PMID: 30203053 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether psychosocial or demographic factors are associated with early dropout from pain self-management in a rural, low-socioeconomic status population. DESIGN Secondary analysis of retrospective data. SETTING Multidisciplinary pain clinic located in an outer regional area of Australia. SUBJECTS One hundred eighty-six people attending a public community health center with chronic noncancer pain (mean age 54.9 years; 58.1% women; 81.7% in receipt of government benefit as their primary source of income). METHODS Bivariate analysis and logistic regression, with early dropout as the dependent variable and a range of demographic and psychological independent variables. RESULTS Following bivariate analysis, early dropout was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with male gender, younger age, history of substance use, being a past victim of assault/abuse, receiving unemployment or disability benefit, having literacy difficulties, higher pain catastrophizing score, higher daily opioid dose, and not holding a multifactorial belief about the cause of pain. Logistic regression analysis resulted in three significant predictors of dropout: substance use history (P = 0.002), past victim of assault or abuse (P = 0.029), high pain catastrophising score (P = 0.048); and one of engagement: holding a multifactorial belief about pain cause (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In a rural, low-socioeconomic status population, addressing social stressors related to lifetime adversity may be important to increasing engagement in pain self-management. Lack of attention to these factors may increase health inequity among those most disabled by chronic pain. Further research into dropout and engagement, especially among disadvantaged populations, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hardman
- Sunraysia Community Health Services, Mildura, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Lawn
- Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Tsourtos
- Department of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hanssen DJC, Lucassen PLBJ, Naarding P, de Waal MWM, Oude Voshaar RC. Pain characteristics of older persons with medically unexplained symptoms, older persons with medically explained symptoms and older persons with depression. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1642-1649. [PMID: 29019415 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1387762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of the current study is to compare chronic pain characteristics of older patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS), to those of patients with Medically Explained Symptoms (MES), and to those of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHOD By combining data from the OPUS and NESDO study, we compared pain characteristics of 102 older (>60 years) MUS-patients to 145 older MES-patients and 275 older MDD-patients in a case-control study design. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA, adjusted for demographic and physical characteristics. Linear regression was applied to examine the association between pain characteristics and somatization (BSI-53 somatization scale) and health anxiety (Whitely Index). RESULTS Older MUS-patients have approximately two times more chance of having chronic pain when compared to older MES-patients (OR = 2.01; p = .013) but equal chances as opposed to MDD-patients. After adjustments, MUS-patients report higher pain intensity and disability scores and more pain locations when compared to MES-patients, but equal values as MDD-patients. Health anxiety and somatization levels were positively associated with the number of pain sites in MUS-patients, but not with pain severity or disability. CONCLUSION Older MUS-patients did not differ from MDD-patients with respect to any of the chronic pain characteristics, but had more intense and disabling pain, and more pain locations when compared to older MES-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J C Hanssen
- a University Center for Psychiatry and Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter L B J Lucassen
- b Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute For Health Sciences , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Paul Naarding
- c Department of Old-Age psychiatry , GGNet , Apeldoorn , The Netherlands
| | - Margot W M de Waal
- d Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- a University Center for Psychiatry and Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Gatchel RJ, Reuben DB, Dagenais S, Turk DC, Chou R, Hershey AD, Hicks GE, Licciardone JC, Horn SD. Research Agenda for the Prevention of Pain and Its Impact: Report of the Work Group on the Prevention of Acute and Chronic Pain of the Federal Pain Research Strategy. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:837-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Niknejad B, Bolier R, Henderson CR, Delgado D, Kozlov E, Löckenhoff CE, Reid MC. Association Between Psychological Interventions and Chronic Pain Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2018; 178:830-839. [PMID: 29801109 PMCID: PMC6145761 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic noncancer pain (hereafter referred to as chronic pain) is common among older adults and managed frequently with pharmacotherapies that produce suboptimal outcomes. Psychological treatments are recommended, but little information is available regarding their efficacy in older adults. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of psychological interventions in older adults with chronic pain and whether treatment effects vary by participant, intervention, and study characteristics. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 29, 2017. STUDY SELECTION Analysis included studies that (1) used a randomized trial design, (2) evaluated a psychological intervention that used cognitive behavioral modalities alone or in combination with another strategy, (3) enrolled individuals with chronic pain (pain ≥3 months) with a sample mean age of 60 years or older, and (4) reported preintervention and postintervention quantitative data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two of the authors independently extracted data. A mixed-model meta-analysis tested the effects of treatment on outcomes. Analyses were performed to investigate the association between participant (eg, age), intervention (eg, treatment mode delivery), and study (eg, methodologic quality) characteristics with outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pain intensity was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, catastrophizing beliefs, self-efficacy for managing pain, physical function, and physical health. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with 2608 participants (1799 [69.0%] women) were analyzed. Participants' mean (SD) age was 71.9 (7.1) years. Differences of standardized mean differences (dD) at posttreatment were pain intensity (dD = -0.181, P = .006), pain interference (dD = -0.133, P = .12), depressive symptoms (dD = -0.128, P = .14), anxiety (dD = -0.205, P = .09), catastrophizing beliefs (dD = -0.184, P = .046), self-efficacy (dD = 0.193, P = .02), physical function (dD = 0.006, P = .96), and physical health (dD = 0.160, P = .24). There was evidence of effects persisting beyond the posttreatment assessment only for pain (dD = -0.251, P = .002). In moderator analyses, only mode of therapy (group vs individual) demonstrated a consistent effect in favor of group-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Psychological interventions for the treatment of chronic pain in older adults have small benefits, including reducing pain and catastrophizing beliefs and improving pain self-efficacy for managing pain. These results were strongest when delivered using group-based approaches. Research is needed to develop and test strategies that enhance the efficacy of psychological approaches and sustainability of treatment effects among older adults with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Niknejad
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Ruth Bolier
- GERION, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Diana Delgado
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C. V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elissa Kozlov
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - M Carrington Reid
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Sharpe L, McDonald S, Correia H, Raue PJ, Meade T, Nicholas M, Arean P. Pain severity predicts depressive symptoms over and above individual illnesses and multimorbidity in older adults. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:166. [PMID: 28472936 PMCID: PMC5418685 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-morbidity in older adults is commonly associated with depressed mood. Similarly, subjective reports of pain are also associated with both physical illness and increased depressive symptoms. However, whether pain independently contributes to the experience of depression in older people with multi-morbidity has not been studied. METHODS In this study, participants were 1281 consecutive older adults presenting to one of 19 primary care services in Australia (recruitment rate = 75%). Participants were asked to indicate the presence of a number of common chronic illnesses, to rate their current pain severity and to complete the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Results confirmed that the number of medical illnesses reported was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Twenty-six percent of participants with multi-morbidity scored in the clinical range for depressive symptoms in comparison to 15% of participants with no illnesses or a single illness. In regression analyses, the presence of chronic pain (t = 5.969, p < 0.0005), diabetes (t = 4.309, p < 0.0005), respiratory (t = 3.720, p < 0.0005) or neurological illness (t = 2.701, p = 0.007) were all independent contributors to depressive symptoms. Even when controlling for each individual illness, and the overall number of illnesses (t = 2.207, p = 0.028), pain severity remained an independent predictor of depressed mood (F change = 28.866, p < 0.0005, t = 5.373, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Physicians should consider screening for mood problems amongst those with multi-morbidity, particularly those who experience pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Sharpe
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah McDonald
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,0000 0001 2158 5405grid.1004.5Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Correia
- 0000 0004 0436 6763grid.1025.6School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Raue
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Division of Population Health, AIMS Centre University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Tanya Meade
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Michael Nicholas
- Pain Management Research Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patricia Arean
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Division of Population Health, AIMS Centre University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Reid MC, Henderson CR, Trachtenberg MA, Beissner KL, Bach E, Barrón Y, Sridharan S, Murtaugh CM. Implementing a Pain Self-Management Protocol in Home Care: A Cluster-Randomized Pragmatic Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:1667-1675. [PMID: 28276061 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral pain self-management (CBPSM) protocol delivered by physical therapists (PTs) for use by older adults with activity-limiting pain receiving home care. DESIGN A randomized pragmatic trial comparing delivery of the intervention plus usual care with usual care alone. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 55 and older admitted with orders for physical therapy who endorsed activity-limiting pain and reported pain scores of 3 or greater on a scale from 0 to 10 (N = 588). INTERVENTION A CBPSM protocol delivered by PTs. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes were assessed at 60 days using validated measures of pain-related disability, pain intensity, gait speed, and number of activity of daily living (ADL) deficits. RESULTS Of 588 participants, 285 received care from a PT randomized to the intervention and 303 from a PT randomized to the usual care group. Both groups had significant reductions in pain-related disability, pain intensity, and ADL limitations and improved gait speed. No significant treatment differences were identified. There were no consistent treatment differences when interactions and subgroups were examined. CONCLUSION This real-world pragmatic trial found no effect of implementation of a pain self-management intervention in a home care setting. Despite the lack of positive findings, future studies are indicated to determine how similar protocols that have been found to be effective in efficacy studies can be successfully implemented in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington Reid
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Melissa A Trachtenberg
- Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York
| | - Katherine L Beissner
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Eileen Bach
- Department of Compliance, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York
| | - Yolanda Barrón
- Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York
| | - Sridevi Sridharan
- Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York
| | - Christopher M Murtaugh
- Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York
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Andruszkiewicz A, Basińska MA, Felsmann M, Banaszkiewicz M, Marzec A, Kędziora-Kornatowska K. The determinants of coping with pain in chronically ill geriatric patients - the role of a sense of coherence. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:315-323. [PMID: 28223789 PMCID: PMC5308477 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the rising population of the elderly in modern societies, the concern for their good functioning poses a challenge for the 21st century medicine and social services. Senior citizens are at an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, which in turn increase discomfort associated with physiological processes of aging. Sensations of pain have a particular influence on the mentioned discomfort, and pain is prevalent among older people. Therefore, from the perspective of an elderly person and senior care, it is crucial to identify determinants of effective coping with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES The aim of the research was to assess the relationship between a sense of coherence (SOC) and pain-coping strategies in chronically ill seniors. A total number of 188 individuals were included in the study, of whom 117 were female subjects and 71 were male subjects, with a mean age of 68.38 (standard deviation [SD] =6.35) years in the studied group. Subjects were sampled based on a diagnosis of a chronic medical illness with chronic pain as one of the major symptoms. METHODS The Polish adaptation of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-29) to assess an SOC, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) to assess pain-coping strategies, and the visual analog scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity were used in the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The mean score of respondents' SOC was 133.44 (SD =24.35). Among most common pain-coping strategies used by the respondents were prayer and hope, and the declaration of coping with pain while redefining pain was the least often used coping strategy in the studied group. Individuals with stronger SOC were less prone to catastrophizing and more often declared that they were coping with and could control and reduce pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andruszkiewicz
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum
| | - Małgorzata Anna Basińska
- Department of Psychopathology and Clinical Diagnosis, Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University
| | | | | | | | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Eccleston C, Tabor A, Edwards RT, Keogh E. Psychological Approaches to Coping with Pain in Later Life. Clin Geriatr Med 2016; 32:763-771. [PMID: 27741968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A psychological model of coping with the demands of aging is outlined. Chronic pain is conceptualized as a challenge to normal aging, because it threatens identity, risks affective disorder (depression), and interferes with action. The sparse evidence for psychological interventions is reviewed, and a case is made for the types of interventions that should be developed to address the specific presentation of geriatric pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby Tabor
- Centre for Pain Research, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Edmund Keogh
- Centre for Pain Research, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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de Waal MWM, Hegeman JM, Gussekloo J, Verhaak PFM, van der Mast RC, Comijs HC. The effect of pain on presence and severity of depressive disorders in older persons: The role of perceived control as mediator. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:239-44. [PMID: 26995467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between pain and depression is reported repeatedly. It is suggested that pain by itself is not sufficient for the development of depression. We aim to study the role of perceived control as mediating factor in the relation between pain and depressive disorders at old age. METHODS Baseline data of the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO) were used, including 345 persons with DSM-IV depressive disorders (CIDI) and 125 control persons without depressive disorders, aged 60 years and over. Measures included severity of depression (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology), presence and intensity of pain and pain-related disability (Chronic Graded Pain scale), and a general measure of perceived control over life (Pearlin Mastery Scale). In mediation analyses direct and indirect effects were estimated. RESULTS Older persons with depressive disorders reported pain more frequently with higher intensity than controls. After controlling for confounding, the direct effect of pain intensity and the indirect effect through perceived control on depression were OR=1.10 (CI 95% .98;1.25) and OR=1.24 (1.15;1.35). For pain-related disability these were OR=1.14 (1.02;1.29) and OR=1.21 (1.13;1.29). In depressed persons there was a strong direct effect of pain intensity and disability and a smaller indirect effect through perceived control on severity of depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot give evidence on causal direction. CONCLUSIONS Perceived control plays an important role as mediator in the association between pain and presence of depression. In depressed persons however, the direct role of pain seems more important in the association with depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W M de Waal
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Hegeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Gussekloo
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P F M Verhaak
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, The Netherlands; NIVEL, Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research, The Netherlands
| | - R C van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, CAPRI-University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H C Comijs
- Department of Psychiatry/GGZ in Geest and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reid MC, Ong AD, Henderson CR. Why We Need Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176:338-9. [PMID: 26902856 PMCID: PMC4822816 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.8348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington Reid
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony D Ong
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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17
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Costello E, Bogue JE, Sarma K, McGuire BE. Chronic Pain in Irish Prison Officers: Profile and Predictors of Pain-Related Disability and Depression. PAIN MEDICINE 2015; 16:2292-301. [PMID: 26620036 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International research has consistently found increased risk for physical health and psychological difficulties among prison officers including elevated risk of assault resulting in acute pain. This study represented an exploratory examination of the experience of chronic pain conditions among Irish prison officers with particular reference to the psychosocial predictors of pain severity, pain interference, and depression. DESIGN A questionnaire battery was completed by 152 Irish prison officers. The questionnaires measured pain severity and interference, anxiety, depression, social support, coping strategies, and resilience. RESULTS Results showed that 48% of participants reported chronic pain based on the International Association for the Study of Pain definition. Psychological distress was high among respondents reporting chronic pain, with 38% of participants meeting the criteria for "probable depression" while 51% met the criteria for "probable anxiety disorder." In regression analyses, depression emerged as a significant predictor of both pain severity and pain interference while anxiety and pain interference emerged as significant predictors of depression. CONCLUSION Chronic pain appears to be prevalent in prison officers and is associated with both physical and psychological impairment. Health care staff in correctional facilities should be aware that these health difficulties are prevalent in the prison work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Costello
- Clinical Psychology Programme, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John E Bogue
- Clinical Psychology Programme, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kiran Sarma
- Clinical Psychology Programme, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E McGuire
- Clinical Psychology Programme, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Abstract
This review summarizes existing evidence relevant to the epidemiology of chronic pain in older adults, age-related differences relevant to pain, pain assessment, and important considerations regarding pain management in later life. Features unique to pain assessment in older adults include the likelihood of multiple diagnoses contributing to chronic pain, the ability of older adults to self-report, including those with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, and recognition that some older adults with cognitive impairment may demonstrate various behaviors to communicate pain. Management is best accomplished through a multimodal approach, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, physical rehabilitation, and psychological therapies. Interventional pain therapies may be appropriate in select older adults, which may reduce the need for pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bicket
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, 55 Fruit Street Gray-Bigelow 444, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jianren Mao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, 55 Fruit Street Gray-Bigelow 444, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington Reid
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Karl Pillemer
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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