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Abstract
Context: Population-based cohort studies have been pivotal in establishing a number of nutrition-health interactions, especially in high-income settings. Less research is available from low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of detailed longitudinal data. Objective: To describe the use of prospectively collected longitudinal data from the rural West Kiang region of The Gambia to explore nutrition-health interactions in a rural sub-Saharan African context. Methods: Demographic records initiated in 1947, coupled with data on maternal and child health, have been used to explore nutrition-health relationships. Results: An analysis of the longitudinal demographic data demonstrated a highly significant association between season of birth and infection-related adult mortality in this context. Additionally, using routine data on childhood anthropometry, it has been shown that, despite a significant decline in child undernutrition, rates remain unacceptably high, likely reflecting the very high socio-economic threshold required to eliminate undernutrition. Conclusion: The foresight to establish demographic data collection over seventy years ago has supported a wealth of novel research within a traditional African context. The availability of detailed clinical records on maternal and child health is helping to unravel the factors driving child undernutrition in rural Africa, and to identify targets for interventions to improve health in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
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2
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Chernenko A, Hollingshaus M, Robson S, Hanson HA, Smith KR. Tykes, Toddlers, Teens, and Twins of Robust Mothers: Do the Offspring of Twinning Mothers Share in Their Mother's Robust Phenotype? BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2018; 64:102-113. [PMID: 30906507 PMCID: PMC6425720 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2018.1486697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Women who bear twins may possess a robust phenotype compared to non-twinning mothers. We examine mortality patterns for the singleton offspring of mothers of twins compared to the offspring of non-twinning mothers to determine whether they share the hypothesized robust phenotype of their mothers. Using data from the Utah Population Database, we show that both male and female singleton offspring of twinning mothers experience a survival disadvantage prior to age 5, no survival benefit or penalty between ages 5 and 49, and - for males only - a statistically significant survival advantage after age 50. We further examine the survival effects on singletons born before and after a twinset. We observe a survival disadvantage in early life for singleton offspring of twinning mothers born after the twinset for both sexes. In addition, we find a significant survival advantage at older ages in certain categories of male singleton offspring - a likely reflection of mortality selection. The findings suggest that while bearing twins may reflect a robust maternal phenotype, the toll of bearing twins may disadvantage subsequent offspring, especially during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Chernenko
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 390 South 1530
East, Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael Hollingshaus
- Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of
Business, University of Utah, 411 East South Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT
84111, USA
| | - Shannen Robson
- Natural History Museum of Utah, University of Utah, 301
Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Heidi A. Hanson
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University
of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of
Surgery, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University
of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of
Utah, 225 South 1400 East Alfred Emery Building 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112,
USA
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3
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Oliveira-Klein MD, Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Fagundes NR, Matte U, Schuler-Faccini L. Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms in IGF1 and IGFBP3 with twin births in a Brazilian population (Cândido Godói, Rio Grande do Sul). Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:775-780. [PMID: 30508002 PMCID: PMC6415603 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is an important peptide hormone involved in the reproduction and fetal development of mammals, and it is suggested that it may influence the human twinning rate. This study aimed to test such possible association, investigating the genetic polymorphisms IGF1 (CA)n and IGFBP3 rs2854744 in the population from Candido Godoi (CG), a small city located in the South of Brazil that has a high prevalence of twin births. A case-control study was performed comprising a total of 39 cases (representing about 40% of the mothers of twins who were born in CG after 1995) and 214 controls (mothers of non-twin children), 97 of whom were living in CG while 117 were living in Porto Alegre. DNA was extracted from blood leucocytes and genotyping was performed. According to the statistical analyses, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of both studied genetic polymorphisms when comparing case group with control group. Thus, our results pointed to a lack of association between IGF1 (CA)n and IGFBP3 rs2854744 polymorphisms and twin births in CG, but further investigations in other populations with different characteristics must be performed to confirm the role of IGF-I in human twinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Oliveira-Klein
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Tagliani-Ribeiro
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nelson Rosa Fagundes
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional(INaGeMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional(INaGeMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Bociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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