1
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Hong YH, Nilajakar M, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Artificial Photosynthesis for Regioselective Reduction of NAD(P) + to NAD(P)H Using Water as an Electron and Proton Source. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5152-5161. [PMID: 38350862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, four electrons and four protons taken from water in photosystem II (PSII) are used to reduce NAD(P)+ to produce NAD(P)H in photosystem I (PSI), which is the most important reductant to reduce CO2. Despite extensive efforts to mimic photosynthesis, artificial photosynthesis to produce NAD(P)H using water electron and proton sources has yet to be achieved. Herein, we report the photocatalytic reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H and its analogues in a molecular model of PSI, which is combined with water oxidation in a molecular model of PSII. Photoirradiation of a toluene/trifluoroethanol (TFE)/borate buffer aqueous solution of hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2), 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion, cobaloxime, and NAD(P)+ (PSI model) resulted in the quantitative and regioselective formation of NAD(P)H and p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q). X-Q was reduced to X-QH2, accompanied by the oxidation of water to dioxygen under the photoirradiation of a toluene/TFE/borate buffer aqueous solution of [(N4Py)FeII]2+ (PSII model). The PSI and PSII models were combined using two glass membranes and two liquid membranes to produce NAD(P)H using water as an electron and proton source with the turnover number (TON) of 54. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to achieve the stoichiometry of photosynthesis, photocatalytic reduction of NAD(P)+ by water to produce NAD(P)H and O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Madhuri Nilajakar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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2
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Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Salamatian AA, Sopchak AE, Bren KL. Hydrogen evolution catalysis by a cobalt porphyrin peptide: A proposed role for porphyrin propionic acid groups. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112390. [PMID: 37801884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt microperoxidase-11 (CoMP11-Ac) is a cobalt porphyrin-peptide catalyst for hydrogen (H2) evolution from water. Herein, we assess electrocatalytic activity of CoMP11-Ac from pH 1.0-10.0. This catalyst remains intact and active under highly acidic conditions (pH 1.0) that are desirable for maximizing H2 evolution activity. Analysis of electrochemical data indicate that H2 evolution takes place by two pH-dependent mechanisms. At pH < 4.3, a proton transfer mechanism involving the propionic acid groups of the porphyrin is proposed, decreasing the catalytic overpotential by 280 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison A Salamatian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. Rochester, NY 14627-0216, United States.
| | - Andrew E Sopchak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. Rochester, NY 14627-0216, United States.
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. Rochester, NY 14627-0216, United States.
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3
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Salamatian AA, Bren KL. Bioinspired and biomolecular catalysts for energy conversion and storage. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:174-190. [PMID: 36331366 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are remarkable for facilitating challenging redox transformations with high efficiency and selectivity. In the area of alternative energy, scientists aim to capture these properties in bioinspired and engineered biomolecular catalysts for the efficient and fast production of fuels from low-energy feedstocks such as water and carbon dioxide. In this short review, efforts to mimic biological catalysts for proton reduction and carbon dioxide reduction are highlighted. Two important recurring themes are the importance of the microenvironment of the catalyst active site and the key role of proton delivery to the active site in achieving desired reactivity. Perspectives on ongoing and future challenges are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Burke R, Chakraborty S, McClelland KP, Jelušić J, Matson EM, Bren KL, Krauss TD. Light-driven hydrogen production with CdSe quantum dots and a cobalt glutathione catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2053-2056. [PMID: 33507176 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production system is reported using glutathione (GSH)-capped CdSe QDs with a cobalt precatalyst, yielding 130 000 mol H2 per mol cobalt over 48 hours. Analysis of the reaction mixtures after catalysis indicates that the active catalyst is a labile complex of cobalt and GSH formed in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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5
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Edwards EH, Jelušić J, Chakraborty S, Bren KL. Photochemical hydrogen evolution from cobalt microperoxidase-11. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111384. [PMID: 33588276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical system utilizing the semisynthetic biomolecular catalyst acetylated cobalt microperoxidase-11 (CoMP11-Ac) along with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photosensitizer and ascorbic acid as an electron donor is shown to generate hydrogen from water in a visible light-driven reaction. The reductive quenching pathway facilitated by photoexcited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ overcomes the high overpotential observed for CoMP11-Ac in electrocatalysis, yielding turnover numbers ranging from 606 to 2390 (2 μM - 0.1 μM CoMP11-Ac). The longevity of CoMP11-Ac in the photochemical system, sustaining catalysis for over 20 h, is in contrast to its previously reported behavior in an electrochemical system where catalysis slows after 15 min. Proton reduction turnover number and rate are highest at a neutral pH, a rare feature among cobalt catalysts in similar photochemical systems, which typically function best under acidic conditions. Incorporating biomolecular components into the design of catalysts for photochemical systems may address the need for hydrogen generation from neutral-pH water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America.
| | - Jana Jelušić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America.
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America.
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America.
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6
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Plastoquinol Analogues as a Potential Functional Model of Photosystem I. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14838-14846. [PMID: 33023288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of a functional model of photosystem II (PSII) has paved a new way to connect the PSII model with a functional model of photosystem I (PSI). However, PSI functional models have yet to be reported. We report herein the first potential functional model of PSI, in which plastoquinol (PQH2) analogues were oxidized to plastoquinone (PQ) analogues, accompanied by hydrogen (H2) evolution. Photoirradiation of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2) as a hydrogen source, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a photoredox catalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex, CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl (dmgH = dimethylglyoximate monoanion; py = pyridine) as a redox catalyst resulted in the evolution of H2 and formation of the corresponding p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) quantitatively. The maximum quantum yield for photocatalytic H2 evolution from tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl4QH2) with Acr+-Mes and CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl and H2O in deaerated MeCN was determined to be 10%. Photocatalytic H2 evolution is started by electron transfer (ET) from Cl4QH2 to the triplet ET state of Acr+-Mes to produce Cl4QH2•+ and Acr•-Mes with a rate constant of 7.2 × 107 M-1 s-1, followed by ET from Acr•-Mes to CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl to produce [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]-, accompanied by the regeneration of Acr+-Mes. On the other hand, Cl4QH2•+ is deprotonated to produce Cl4QH•, which transfers either a hydrogen-atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer to [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- to produce a cobalt(III) hydride complex, [CoIII(H)(dmgH)2pyCl]-, which reacts with H+ to evolve H2, accompanied by the regeneration of CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl. The formation of [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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7
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Fan Q, Neubauer P, Lenz O, Gimpel M. Heterologous Hydrogenase Overproduction Systems for Biotechnology-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5890. [PMID: 32824336 PMCID: PMC7460606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenases are complex metalloenzymes, showing tremendous potential as H2-converting redox catalysts for application in light-driven H2 production, enzymatic fuel cells and H2-driven cofactor regeneration. They catalyze the reversible oxidation of hydrogen into protons and electrons. The apo-enzymes are not active unless they are modified by a complicated post-translational maturation process that is responsible for the assembly and incorporation of the complex metal center. The catalytic center is usually easily inactivated by oxidation, and the separation and purification of the active protein is challenging. The understanding of the catalytic mechanisms progresses slowly, since the purification of the enzymes from their native hosts is often difficult, and in some case impossible. Over the past decades, only a limited number of studies report the homologous or heterologous production of high yields of hydrogenase. In this review, we emphasize recent discoveries that have greatly improved our understanding of microbial hydrogenases. We compare various heterologous hydrogenase production systems as well as in vitro hydrogenase maturation systems and discuss their perspectives for enhanced biohydrogen production. Additionally, activities of hydrogenases isolated from either recombinant organisms or in vivo/in vitro maturation approaches were systematically compared, and future perspectives for this research area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
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8
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Edwards EH, Bren KL. Light-driven catalysis with engineered enzymes and biomimetic systems. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:463-483. [PMID: 32588914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to drive catalytic reactions with light, inspired by natural processes like photosynthesis, have a long history and have seen significant recent growth. Successfully engineering systems using biomolecular and bioinspired catalysts to carry out light-driven chemical reactions capitalizes on advantages offered from the fields of biocatalysis and photocatalysis. In particular, driving reactions under mild conditions and in water, in which enzymes are operative, using sunlight as a renewable energy source yield environmentally friendly systems. Furthermore, using enzymes and bioinspired systems can take advantage of the high efficiency and specificity of biocatalysts. There are many challenges to overcome to fully capitalize on the potential of light-driven biocatalysis. In this mini-review, we discuss examples of enzymes and engineered biomolecular catalysts that are activated via electron transfer from a photosensitizer in a photocatalytic system. We place an emphasis on selected forefront chemical reactions of high interest, including CH oxidation, proton reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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9
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Le JM, Alachouzos G, Chino M, Frontier AJ, Lombardi A, Bren KL. Tuning Mechanism through Buffer Dependence of Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by a Cobalt Mini-enzyme. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1289-1297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 45, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 45, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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10
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Engineering Metalloprotein Functions in Designed and Native Scaffolds. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1022-1040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Chakraborty S, Edwards EH, Kandemir B, Bren KL. Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Neutral Water with a Cobalt Metallopeptide Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16402-16410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Emily H. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Banu Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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12
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Firpo V, Le JM, Pavone V, Lombardi A, Bren KL. Hydrogen evolution from water catalyzed by cobalt-mimochrome VI*a, a synthetic mini-protein. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8582-8589. [PMID: 30568783 PMCID: PMC6253682 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01948g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of a synthetic mini-hydrogenase is shown to enhance catalyst efficiency and longevity.
A synthetic enzyme is reported that electrocatalytically reduces protons to hydrogen (H2) in water near neutral pH under aerobic conditions. Cobalt mimochrome VI*a (CoMC6*a) is a mini-protein with a cobalt deuteroporphyrin active site within a scaffold of two synthetic peptides covalently bound to the porphyrin. Comparison of the activity of CoMC6*a to that of cobalt microperoxidase-11 (CoMP11-Ac), a cobalt porphyrin catalyst with a single “proximal” peptide and no organized secondary structure, reveals that CoMC6*a has significantly enhanced longevity, yielding a turnover number exceeding 230 000, in comparison to 25 000 for CoMP11-Ac. Furthermore, comparison of cyclic voltammograms of CoMC6*a and CoMP11-Ac indicates that the trifluoroethanol-induced folding of CoMC6*a lowers the overpotential for catalytic H2 evolution by up to 100 mV. These results demonstrate that even a minimal polypeptide matrix can enhance longevity and efficiency of a H2-evolution catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Firpo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , via Cintia 45 , 80126 Naples , Italy .
| | - Jennifer M Le
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY 14627 , USA .
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , via Cintia 45 , 80126 Naples , Italy .
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , via Cintia 45 , 80126 Naples , Italy .
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY 14627 , USA .
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13
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Mancini JA, Kodali G, Jiang J, Reddy KR, Lindsey JS, Bryant DA, Dutton PL, Moser CC. Multi-step excitation energy transfer engineered in genetic fusions of natural and synthetic light-harvesting proteins. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0896. [PMID: 28179548 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic proteins designed and constructed from first principles with minimal reference to the sequence of any natural protein have proven robust and extraordinarily adaptable for engineering a range of functions. Here for the first time we describe the expression and genetic fusion of a natural photosynthetic light-harvesting subunit with a synthetic protein designed for light energy capture and multi-step transfer. We demonstrate excitation energy transfer from the bilin of the CpcA subunit (phycocyanin α subunit) of the cyanobacterial photosynthetic light-harvesting phycobilisome to synthetic four-helix-bundle proteins accommodating sites that specifically bind a variety of selected photoactive tetrapyrroles positioned to enhance energy transfer by relay. The examination of combinations of different bilin, chlorin and bacteriochlorin cofactors has led to identification of the preconditions for directing energy from the bilin light-harvesting antenna into synthetic protein-cofactor constructs that can be customized for light-activated chemistry in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Goutham Kodali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P Leslie Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher C Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Rowe SF, Le Gall G, Ainsworth EV, Davies JA, Lockwood CWJ, Shi L, Elliston A, Roberts IN, Waldron KW, Richardson DJ, Clarke TA, Jeuken LJC, Reisner E, Butt JN. Light-Driven H2 Evolution and C═C or C═O Bond Hydrogenation by Shewanella oneidensis: A Versatile Strategy for Photocatalysis by Nonphotosynthetic Microorganisms. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam F. Rowe
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Emma V. Ainsworth
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Jonathan A. Davies
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Colin W. J. Lockwood
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Liang Shi
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Technology, China University of Geoscience in Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adam Elliston
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Ian N. Roberts
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- Quadram
Institute for Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - David J. Richardson
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Thomas A. Clarke
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Lars J. C. Jeuken
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Julea N. Butt
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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15
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Clark ER, Kurtz DM. Photosensitized H 2 Production Using a Zinc Porphyrin-Substituted Protein, Platinum Nanoparticles, and Ascorbate with No Electron Relay: Participation of Good's Buffers. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4585-4594. [PMID: 28362081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of efficient light-driven splitting of water, 2H2O → 2H2 + O2, often attempts to optimize photosensitization of the reductive and oxidative half-reactions individually. Numerous homogeneous and heterogeneous systems have been developed for photochemical stimulation of the reductive half reaction, 2H+ + 2e- → H2. These systems generally consist of various combinations of a H+ reduction catalyst, a photosensitizer (PS), and a "sacrificial" electron donor. Zinc(II)-porphyrins (ZnPs) have frequently been used as PSs for H2 generation, but they are subject to various self-quenching processes in aqueous solutions. Colloidal platinum in nanoparticle form (Pt NP) is a classical H+ reduction catalyst using ZnP photosensitizers, but efficient photosensitized H2 generation requires an electron relay molecule between ZnP and Pt NP. The present report describes an aqueous system for visible (white) light-sensitized generation of H2 using a protein-embedded Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX as PS and Pt NP as H+ reduction catalyst without an added electron relay. This system operated efficiently in piperazino- and morpholino-alkylsulfonic acid (Good's buffers), which served as sacrificial electron donors. The system also required ascorbate at relatively modest concentrations, which stabilized the Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX against photodegradation. In the absence of an electron relay molecule, the photosensitized H2 generation must involve formation of at least a transient complex between a protein-embedded Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX species and Pt NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Donald M Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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16
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Probing the use of long lived intra-ligand π–π* excited states for photocatalytic systems: A study of the photophysics and photochemistry of [ReCl(CO)3(dppz-(CH3)2)]. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Clark ER, Kurtz DM. Photosensitized H2 generation from "one-pot" and "two-pot" assemblies of a zinc-porphyrin/platinum nanoparticle/protein scaffold. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:630-8. [PMID: 26616549 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report photosensitized H2 generation using a protein scaffold that nucleates formation of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) and contains "built-in" photosensitizers. The photosensitizers, zinc-protoporphyrin IX or zinc-mesoporphyrin IX (ZnP) were incorporated in place of the naturally occurring heme in the 24-subunit iron storage protein bacterioferritin (Bfr) when the ZnPs were added to the E. coli expression medium. We engineered a stable dimeric Bfr variant with two protein subunits sandwiching a ZnP. Ten glycines were also substituted in place of residues surrounding the vinyl side of the porphyrin in order increase access of solvent and/or redox agents. An optimized "one-pot" reaction of this glycine-substituted ZnMP-Bfr dimer with a Pt(iv) salt and borohydride resulted in a ∼50 : 50 mixture of protein in the form of Pt-free glycine-substituted ZnP-Bfr dimers and re-assembled 24-mers surrounding Pt NPs formed in situ. H2 production occurred upon visible light irradiation of this "one-pot" product when combined with triethanolamine as sacrificial electron donor and methyl viologen as electron relay. An analogous "two-pot" system containing mixtures of separately prepared Pt-free glycine-substituted ZnP-Bfr dimer and porphyrin-free Pt NP@Bfr 24-mer also showed robust photosensitized H2 generation. The glycine-substituted-ZnP-Bfr dimer thus served as photosensitizer for catalytic reduction of methyl viologen by triethanolamine, and the reduced methyl viologen was able to transfer electrons across the Bfr 24-mer protein shell to generate H2 at the enclosed Pt NP in a "dark" reaction. Our results demonstrate that Bfr is a readily manipulatable and versatile scaffold for photosensitized redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Donald M Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Kandemir B, Chakraborty S, Guo Y, Bren KL. Semisynthetic and Biomolecular Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:467-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Yixing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester New York 14627-0216, United States
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Reengineering cyt b562 for hydrogen production: A facile route to artificial hydrogenases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:598-603. [PMID: 26375327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired, protein-based molecular catalysts utilizing base metals at the active are emerging as a promising avenue to sustainable hydrogen production. The protein matrix modulates the intrinsic reactivity of organometallic active sites by tuning second-sphere and long-range interactions. Here, we show that swapping Co-Protoporphyrin IX for Fe-Protoporphyrin IX in cytochrome b562 results in an efficient catalyst for photoinduced proton reduction to molecular hydrogen. Further, the activity of wild type Co-cyt b562 can be modulated by a factor of 2.5 by exchanging the coordinating methionine with alanine or aspartic acid. The observed turnover numbers (TON) range between 125 and 305, and correlate well with the redox potential of the Co-cyt b562 mutants. The photosensitized system catalyzes proton reduction with high efficiency even under an aerobic atmosphere, implicating its use for biotechnological applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--the design and engineering of electronic transfer cofactors, proteins and protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L. Ross Anderson.
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Yu Y, Cui C, Liu X, Petrik ID, Wang J, Lu Y. A Designed Metalloenzyme Achieving the Catalytic Rate of a Native Enzyme. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11570-3. [PMID: 26318313 PMCID: PMC4676421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Terminal
oxidases catalyze four-electron reduction of oxygen to
water, and the energy harvested is utilized to drive the synthesis
of adenosine triphosphate. While much effort has been made to design
a catalyst mimicking the function of terminal oxidases, most biomimetic
catalysts have much lower activity than native oxidases. Herein we
report a designed oxidase in myoglobin with an O2 reduction
rate (52 s–1) comparable to that of a native cytochrome
(cyt) cbb3 oxidase (50 s–1) under identical conditions. We achieved this goal by engineering
more favorable electrostatic interactions between a functional oxidase
model designed in sperm whale myoglobin and its native redox partner,
cyt b5, resulting in a 400-fold electron
transfer (ET) rate enhancement. Achieving high activity equivalent
to that of native enzymes in a designed metalloenzyme offers deeper
insight into the roles of tunable processes such as ET in oxidase
activity and enzymatic function and may extend into applications such
as more efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for biofuel
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | | | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
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Abstract
This paper introduces a theme issue of
Interface Focus
derived from papers presented at the Royal Society supported meeting ‘Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?’ held at Chicheley Hall in July 2014. At that meeting, leaders of national solar fuels and chemicals projects and research presented ‘state of the art’ on artificial photosynthesis (AP) in the context of the policy challenges for globalizing a practical technology to address climate change and energy and food security concerns. The discussions included contributions from many experts with legal and policy skills and uniquely focused on producing principles for prioritizing and specializing work while enhancing the funding and attendant public policy profile. To this end, representatives of major public, philanthropic and private potential stakeholders in such a project (such as the Wellcome Trust, the Moore Foundation, Shell, the Leighty Foundation, the EPSRC and Deutsche Alternative Asset Management) were invited to provide feedback at various points in the meeting. For this
Interface Focus
issue, speakers at the Chicheley Hall meeting were required to present a snapshot of their cutting edge research related to AP and then draw upon the Chicheley Hall discussions to innovatively analyse how their research could best be advanced by a global AP project. Such multidisciplinary policy analysis was not a skill many of these researchers were experienced or trained in. Nonetheless their efforts here represent one of the first published collections to attempt such a significant task. This introduction contains a brief summary of those papers, focusing particularly on their policy aspects. It then summarizes the core discussions that took place at the Chicheley Hall meeting and sets out some of the central ethical principles that were considered during those discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Faunce
- ANU College of Law, Australian National University, Fellows Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ANU College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Fellows Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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