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Vaupel P, Piazena H. Hyperhydration of Cancers: A Characteristic Biophysical Trait Strongly Increasing O 2, CO 2, Glucose and Lactate Diffusivities, and Improving Thermophysical Properties of Solid Malignancies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1438:135-145. [PMID: 37845452 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42003-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are complex, heterogeneous, dynamic and aggressive diseases exhibiting a series of characteristic biophysical traits which complement the original biological hallmarks of cancers favouring progressive growth, metastasis, and contributing to immune evasion and treatment resistance. One of the prevalent differences between most solid tumors and their corresponding, healthy tissues is a significantly higher water content (hyperhydration) in cancers. As a consequence, cancers have distinctly higher (Fick's) diffusion coefficients D [cm2 s-1] for the respiratory gases O2 and CO2, the key substrate glucose, and for the oncometabolite lactate. In addition, cancers have (a) clearly increased specific heat capacities cp [J g-1 K-1], thus representing high-capacity-tissues upon therapeutic heating induced by electromagnetic irradiation, and (b) higher thermal conductivities k [W m-1 K-1], i.e., increased abilities to conduct heat. Therefore, in diffusion analyses (e.g., when describing critical O2 and glucose supplies or CO2 removal, and the development of hypoxic subvolumes) and for modeling temperature distributions in hyperthermia treatment planning, these specific cancer-related data must be considered in order to reliably reflect oncologic thermo-radiotherapy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vaupel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Helmut Piazena
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Martin R, Lei R, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Chang H, Ye H, Cui Z. Membrane Applications in Autologous Cell Therapy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1182. [PMID: 36557091 PMCID: PMC9788437 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell and cell therapies, particularly autologous cell therapies, are becoming a common practice. However, in order for these technologies to achieve wide-scale clinical application, the prohibitively high cost associated with these therapies must be addressed through creative engineering. Membranes can be a disruptive technology to reshape the bioprocessing and manufacture of cellular products and significantly reduce the cost of autologous cell therapies. Examples of successful membrane applications include expansions of CAR-T cells, various human stem cells, and production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using hollow fibre membrane bioreactors. Novel membranes with tailored functions and surface properties and novel membrane modules that can accommodate the changing needs for surface area and transport properties are to be developed to fulfil this key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Martin
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yida Zeng
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiachen Zhu
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
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Crémillieux Y, Dumont U, Mazuel L, Salvati R, Zhendre V, Rizzitelli S, Blanc J, Roumes H, Pinaud N, Bouzier-Sore AK. Online Quantification of Lactate Concentration in Microdialysate During Cerebral Activation Using 1H-MRS and Sensitive NMR Microcoil. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:89. [PMID: 30941014 PMCID: PMC6433703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic in vivo profiling of lactate is of uppermost importance in both neuroenergetics and neuroprotection fields, considering its central suspected role as a metabolic and signaling molecule. For this purpose, we implemented proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) directly on brain microdialysate to monitor online the fluctuation of lactate contents during neuronal stimulation. Brain activation was obtained by right whisker stimulation of rats, which leads to the activation of the left barrel cortex area in which the microdialysis probe was implanted. The experimental protocol relies on the use of dedicated and sensitive home-made NMR microcoil able to perform lactate NMR profiling at submillimolar concentration. The MRS measurements of extracellular lactate concentration were performed inside a pre-clinical MRI scanner allowing simultaneous visualization of the correct location of the microprobe by MRI and detection of metabolites contained in the microdialysis by MRS. A 40% increase in lactate concentration was measured during whisker stimulation in the corresponding barrel cortex. This combination of microdialysis with online MRS/MRI provides a new approach to follow in vivo lactate fluctuations, and can be further implemented in physio-pathological conditions to get new insights on the role of lactate in brain metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Crémillieux
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Ursule Dumont
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Leslie Mazuel
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5536 Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Roberto Salvati
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Vanessa Zhendre
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Silvia Rizzitelli
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Jordy Blanc
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5536 Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Roumes
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5536 Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Noël Pinaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5255 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Talence, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5536 Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Bordeaux, France
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Ahmed S, Chauhan VM, Ghaemmaghami AM, Aylott JW. New generation of bioreactors that advance extracellular matrix modelling and tissue engineering. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1-25. [PMID: 30368691 PMCID: PMC6313369 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors hold a lot of promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. They have multiple uses including cell cultivation for therapeutic production and for in vitro organ modelling to provide a more physiologically relevant environment for cultures compared to conventional static conditions. Bioreactors are often used in combination with scaffolds as the nutrient flow can enhance oxygen and diffusion throughout the 3D constructs to prevent the formation of necrotic cores. A variety of scaffolds have been fabricated to achieve a structural architecture that mimic native extracellular matrix. Future developments of in vitro models will incorporate the ability to non-invasively monitor the cellular microenvironment to enhance the understanding of in vitro conditions. This review details current advancements in bioreactor and scaffold systems and provides insight on how in vitro models can be augmented for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Veeren M. Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jonathan W. Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Hossain MS, Bergstrom DJ, Chen XB. Modelling and simulation of the chondrocyte cell growth, glucose consumption and lactate production within a porous tissue scaffold inside a perfusion bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 28626683 PMCID: PMC5466199 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical and numerical modelling of the tissue culture process in a perfusion bioreactor is able to provide insight into the fluid flow, nutrients and wastes transport, dynamics of the pH value, and the cell growth rate. Knowing the complicated interdependence of these processes is essential for optimizing the culture process for cell growth. This paper presents a resolved scale numerical simulation, which allows one not only to characterize the supply of glucose inside a porous tissue scaffold in a perfusion bioreactor, but also to assess the overall culture condition and predict the cell growth rate. The simulation uses a simplified scaffold that consists of a repeatable unit composed of multiple strands. The simulation results explore some problematic regions inside the simplified scaffold where the concentration of glucose becomes lower than the critical value for the chondrocyte cell viability and the cell growth rate becomes significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawath Hossain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - D J Bergstrom
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - X B Chen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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Larsen BE, Sandvik JA, Karlsen J, Pettersen EO, Melvik JE. Oxygen consumption in T-47D cells immobilized in alginate. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:469-81. [PMID: 23869767 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Encapsulation or entrapment of cells is increasingly being used in a wide variety of scientific studies for tissue engineering and development of novel medical devices. The effect on cell metabolism of such systems is, in general, not well characterized. In this work, a simple system for monitoring respiration of cells embedded in 3-D alginate cultures was characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS T-47D cells were cultured in alginate gels. Oxygen concentration curves were recorded within cell-gel constructs using two different sensor systems, and cell viability and metabolic state were characterized using confocal microscopy and commercially available stains. RESULTS At sufficient depth within constructs, recorded oxygen concentration curves were not significantly influenced by influx of oxygen through cell-gel layers and oxygen consumption rate could be calculated simply by dividing oxygen loss in the system per time, by the number of cells. This conclusion was supported by a 3-D numeric simulation. For the T-47D cells, the oxygen consumption rate was found to be 61 ± 6 fmol/cell/h, 3-4 times less than has previously been found for these cells, when grown exponentially in monolayer culture. CONCLUSIONS The experimental set-up presented here may be varied in multiple ways by changing the cell-gel construct 3-D microenvironment, easily allowing investigation of a variety of factors on cell respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Larsen
- School of Pharmacy, Universiy of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway.
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Rietman EA, Friesen DE, Hahnfeldt P, Gatenby R, Hlatky L, Tuszynski JA. An integrated multidisciplinary model describing initiation of cancer and the Warburg hypothesis. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:39. [PMID: 23758735 PMCID: PMC3689044 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this paper we propose a chemical physics mechanism for the initiation of the glycolytic switch commonly known as the Warburg hypothesis, whereby glycolytic activity terminating in lactate continues even in well-oxygenated cells. We show that this may result in cancer via mitotic failure, recasting the current conception of the Warburg effect as a metabolic dysregulation consequent to cancer, to a biophysical defect that may contribute to cancer initiation. Model Our model is based on analogs of thermodynamic concepts that tie non-equilibrium fluid dynamics ultimately to metabolic imbalance, disrupted microtubule dynamics, and finally, genomic instability, from which cancers can arise. Specifically, we discuss how an analog of non-equilibrium Rayleigh-Benard convection can result in glycolytic oscillations and cause a cell to become locked into a higher-entropy state characteristic of cancer. Conclusions A quantitative model is presented that attributes the well-known Warburg effect to a biophysical mechanism driven by a convective disturbance in the cell. Contrary to current understanding, this effect may precipitate cancer development, rather than follow from it, providing new insights into carcinogenesis, cancer treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Rietman
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GeneSys Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02142, USA.
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Hagenmüller H, Hitz M, Merkle HP, Meinel L, Müller R. Design and validation of a novel bioreactor principle to combine online micro-computed tomography monitoring and mechanical loading in bone tissue engineering. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:014303. [PMID: 20113118 DOI: 10.1063/1.3284787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading plays an important role in bone remodeling in vivo and, therefore, has been suggested as a key parameter in stem cell-based engineering of bone-like tissue in vitro. However, the optimization of loading protocols during stem cell differentiation and subsequent bone-like tissue formation is challenged by multiple input factors, which are difficult to control and validate. These include the variable cellular performance of cells harvested from different patients, nonstandardized culture media components, the choice of the biomaterial forming the scaffold, and its morphology, impacting a broader validity of mechanical stimulation regimens. To standardize the cell culture of bone-like tissue constructs, we suggest the involvement of time-lapsed feedback loops. For this purpose we present a prototype bioreactor that combines online, nondestructive monitoring using micro-computed tomography and direct mechanical loading of three-dimensional tissue engineering constructs. Validation of this system showed displacement steps down to 1 microm and cyclic sinusoidal loadings of up to 10 Hz. Load detection resolution was 0.01 N, and micro-computed tomography data were of high quality. For the first time, the developed bioreactor links time-lapsed, nondestructive, and dynamic imaging with mechanical stimulation, designed for cell culture under sterile conditions. This system is believed to substantially improve today's experimental options to study and optimize osteogenic stem cell culture and differentiation at the interface with mechanical stimulation.
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Tan Q, El-Badry AM, Contaldo C, Steiner R, Hillinger S, Welti M, Hilbe M, Spahn DR, Jaussi R, Higuera G, van Blitterswijk CA, Luo Q, Weder W. The effect of perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers on tissue-engineered trachea. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2471-80. [PMID: 19292679 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effect of the perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carrier (Oxygent) was investigated in tissue-engineered trachea (TET) construction. Media supplemented with and without 10% Oxygent were compared in all assessments. Partial tissue oxygen tension (PtO(2)) was measured with polarographic microprobes; epithelial metabolism was monitored by microdialysis inside the TET epithelium perfused with the medium underneath. Chondrocyte-DegraPol constructs were cultured for 1 month with the medium before glycosaminoglycan assessment and histology. Tissue reaction of TET epithelial scaffolds immersed with the medium was evaluated on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Oxygent perfusion medium increased the TET epithelial PtO(2) (51.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg vs. 33.4 +/- 0.3 mm Hg at 200 microm thickness; 12.5 +/- 0.1 mm Hg vs. 3.1 +/- 0.1 mm Hg at 400 microm thickness, p < 0.01) and decreased the lactate concentration (0.63 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, p < 0.05), lactate/pyruvate (1.87 +/- 0.26 vs. 3.36 +/- 10.13, p < 0.05), and lactate/glucose ratios (0.10 +/- 0.00 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.14, p < 0.05). Chondrocyte-DegraPol in Oxygent group presented lower glycosaminoglycan value (0.03 +/- 0.00 vs. 0.13 +/- 0.00, p < 0.05); histology slides showed poor acid mucopolysaccharides formation. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging showed no difference in functional capillary density between the scaffolds cultured on chorioallantoic membranes. The foreign body reaction was similar in both groups. We conclude that Oxygent increases TET epithelial PtO(2), improves epithelial metabolism, does not impair angiogenesis, and tends to slow cartilage tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tan
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Wendt D, Riboldi SA, Cioffi M, Martin I. Potential and bottlenecks of bioreactors in 3D cell culture and tissue manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3352-67. [PMID: 20882502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have witnessed an increased recognition of the importance of 3D culture models to study various aspects of cell physiology and pathology, as well as to engineer implantable tissues. As compared to well-established 2D cell-culture systems, cell/tissue culture within 3D porous biomaterials has introduced new scientific and technical challenges associated with complex transport phenomena, physical forces, and cell-microenvironment interactions. While bioreactor-based 3D model systems have begun to play a crucial role in addressing fundamental scientific questions, numerous hurdles currently impede the most efficient utilization of these systems. We describe how computational modeling and innovative sensor technologies, in conjunction with well-defined and controlled bioreactor-based 3D culture systems, will be key to gain further insight into cell behavior and the complexity of tissue development. These model systems will lay a solid foundation to further develop, optimize, and effectively streamline the essential bioprocesses to safely and reproducibly produce appropriately scaled tissue grafts for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wendt
- Department of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Zhou S, Cui Z, Urban JP. Nutrient gradients in engineered cartilage: Metabolic kinetics measurement and mass transfer modeling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:408-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bioreactors for Connective Tissue Engineering: Design and Monitoring Innovations. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering: Scientific Challenges and Clinical Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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