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Mai Y, Kobayashi Y, Kitahata H, Seo T, Nohara T, Itamoto S, Mai S, Kumamoto J, Nagayama M, Nishie W, Ujiie H, Natsuga K. Patterning in stratified epithelia depends on cell-cell adhesion. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402893. [PMID: 39025524 PMCID: PMC11258421 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelia consist of proliferating and differentiating cells that often display patterned arrangements. However, the mechanism regulating these spatial arrangements remains unclear. Here, we show that cell-cell adhesion dictates multicellular patterning in stratified epithelia. When cultured keratinocytes, a type of epithelial cell in the skin, are subjected to starvation, they spontaneously develop a pattern characterized by areas of high and low cell density. Pharmacological and knockout experiments show that adherens junctions are essential for patterning, whereas the mathematical model that only considers local cell-cell adhesion as a source of attractive interactions can form regions with high/low cell density. This phenomenon, called cell-cell adhesion-induced patterning (CAIP), influences cell differentiation and proliferation through Yes-associated protein modulation. Starvation, which induces CAIP, enhances the stratification of the epithelia. These findings highlight the intrinsic self-organizing property of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mai
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Seo
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuma Nohara
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sota Itamoto
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Mai
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kumamoto
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Long-term homeostasis and wound healing in an in vitro epithelial stem cell niche model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43557. [PMID: 28233843 PMCID: PMC5324070 DOI: 10.1038/srep43557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultures of epithelial cells are limited by the proliferative capacity of primary cells and cell senescence. Herein we show that primary human epithelial cell sheets cultured without dermal equivalents maintained homeostasis in vitro for at least 1 year. Transparency of these sheets enabled live observation of pigmented melanocytes and Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) labeled epithelial cells during wound healing. Cell turn over and KRT15 expression pattern stabilized within 3 months, when KRT15 bright clusters often associated with niche-like melanocytes became apparent. EdU labels were retained in a subset of epithelial cells and melanocytes after 6 months chasing, suggesting their slow cell cycling property. FUCCI-labeling demonstrated robust cell migration and proliferation following wounding. Transparency and long-term (1 year) homeostasis of this model will be a powerful tool for the study of wound healing and cell linage tracing.
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Félix Garza ZC, Liebmann J, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. A Dynamic Model for Prediction of Psoriasis Management by Blue Light Irradiation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:28. [PMID: 28184200 PMCID: PMC5266737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical investigations prove that blue light irradiation reduces the severity of psoriasis vulgaris. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the management of this condition remain poorly defined. Despite the encouraging results of the clinical studies, no clear guidelines are specified in the literature for the irradiation scheme regime of blue light-based therapy for psoriasis. We investigated the underlying mechanism of blue light irradiation of psoriatic skin, and tested the hypothesis that regulation of proliferation is a key process. We implemented a mechanistic model of cellular epidermal dynamics to analyze whether a temporary decrease of keratinocytes hyper-proliferation can explain the outcome of phototherapy with blue light. Our results suggest that the main effect of blue light on keratinocytes impacts the proliferative cells. They show that the decrease in the keratinocytes proliferative capacity is sufficient to induce a transient decrease in the severity of psoriasis. To study the impact of the therapeutic regime on the efficacy of psoriasis treatment, we performed simulations for different combinations of the treatment parameters, i.e., length of treatment, fluence (also referred to as dose), and intensity. These simulations indicate that high efficacy is achieved by regimes with long duration and high fluence levels, regardless of the chosen intensity. Our modeling approach constitutes a framework for testing diverse hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of blue light-based phototherapy, and for designing effective strategies for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandra C Félix Garza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Joerg Liebmann
- Philips Technologie GmbH, Innovative Technologies Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Born
- Philips Technologie GmbH, Innovative Technologies Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Hannezo E, Coucke A, Joanny JF. Interplay of migratory and division forces as a generic mechanism for stem cell patterns. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022405. [PMID: 26986360 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In many adult tissues, stem cells and differentiated cells are not homogeneously distributed: stem cells are arranged in periodic "niches," and differentiated cells are constantly produced and migrate out of these niches. In this article, we provide a general theoretical framework to study mixtures of dividing and actively migrating particles, which we apply to biological tissues. We show in particular that the interplay between the stresses arising from active cell migration and stem cell division give rise to robust stem cell patterns. The instability of the tissue leads to spatial patterns which are either steady or oscillating in time. The wavelength of the instability has an order of magnitude consistent with the biological observations. We also discuss the implications of these results for future in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Hannezo
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie/CNRS-UMR 168/UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Coucke
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie/CNRS-UMR 168/UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS-UMR 8549, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, CNRS-UMR 7238, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, France
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie/CNRS-UMR 168/UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- ESPCI Paris-Tech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Viswanathan P, Guvendiren M, Chua W, Telerman SB, Liakath-Ali K, Burdick JA, Watt FM. Mimicking the topography of the epidermal-dermal interface with elastomer substrates. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:21-9. [PMID: 26658424 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In human skin the interface between the epidermis and dermis is not flat, but undulates. The dimensions of the undulations change as a function of age and disease. Epidermal stem cell clusters lie in specific locations relative to the undulations; however, whether their location affects their properties is unknown. To explore this, we developed a two-step protocol to create patterned substrates that mimic the topographical features of the human epidermal-dermal interface. Substrates with negative patterns were first fabricated by exposing a photocurable formulation to light, controlling the topographical features (such as diameter, height and center-to-center distance) by the photomask pattern dimensions and UV crosslinking time. The negative pattern was then translated to PDMS elastomer to fabricate substrates with 8 unique surface topographies on which primary human keratinocytes were cultured. We found that cells were patterned according to topography, and that separate cues determined the locations of stem cells, differentiated cells and proliferating cells. The biomimetic platform we have developed will be useful for probing the effect of topography on stem cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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6
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Abstract
Mammalian skin research represents the convergence of three complementary disciplines: cell biology, mouse genetics, and dermatology. The skin provides a paradigm for current research in cell adhesion, inflammation, and tissue stem cells. Here, I discuss recent insights into the cell biology of skin. Single-cell analysis has revealed that human epidermal stem cells are heterogeneous and differentiate in response to multiple extrinsic signals. Live-cell imaging, optogenetics, and cell ablation experiments show skin cells to be remarkably dynamic. High-throughput, genome-wide approaches have yielded unprecedented insights into the circuitry that controls epidermal stem cell fate. Last, integrative biological analysis of human skin disorders has revealed unexpected functions for elements of the skin that were previously considered purely structural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Lee DW, Thapar V, Clancy P, Daniel S. Stochastic fusion simulations and experiments suggest passive and active roles of hemagglutinin during membrane fusion. Biophys J 2014; 106:843-54. [PMID: 24559987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza enters the host cell cytoplasm by fusing the viral and host membrane together. Fusion is mediated by hemagglutinin (HA) trimers that undergo conformational change when acidified in the endosome. It is currently debated how many HA trimers, w, and how many conformationally changed HA trimers, q, are minimally required for fusion. Conclusions vary because there are three common approaches for determining w and q from fusion data. One approach correlates the fusion rate with the fraction of fusogenic HA trimers and leads to the conclusion that one HA trimer is required for fusion. A second approach correlates the fusion rate with the total concentration of fusogenic HA trimers and indicates that more than one HA trimer is required. A third approach applies statistical models to fusion rate data obtained at a single HA density to establish w or q and suggests that more than one HA trimer is required. In this work, all three approaches are investigated through stochastic fusion simulations and experiments to elucidate the roles of HA and its ability to bend the target membrane during fusion. We find that the apparent discrepancies among the results from the various approaches may be resolved if nonfusogenic HA participates in fusion through interactions with a fusogenic HA. Our results, based on H3 and H1 serotypes, suggest that three adjacent HA trimers and one conformationally changed HA trimer are minimally required to induce membrane fusion (w = 3 and q = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vikram Thapar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Paulette Clancy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Susan Daniel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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Abstract
Lineage tracing involves labeling cells to track their subsequent behavior within the normal tissue environment. The advent of genetic lineage tracing and cell proliferation assays, together with high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantitative methods to infer cell behavior from lineage-tracing data, has transformed our understanding of murine epidermal stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review recent insights that reveal how a progenitor cell population maintains interfollicular epidermis, whereas stem cells, quiescent under homeostatic conditions, are mobilized in response to wounding. We discuss progress in understanding how the various stem cell populations of the hair follicle sustain this complex and highly dynamic structure, and recent analysis of stem cells in sweat and sebaceous glands. The extent to which insights from mouse studies can be applied to human epidermis is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Alcolea
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
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Muñoz-Descalzo S, de Navascues J, Arias AM. Wnt-Notch signalling: an integrated mechanism regulating transitions between cell states. Bioessays 2012; 34:110-8. [PMID: 22215536 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Wnt and Notch signalling is central to many cell fate decisions during development and to the maintenance and differentiation of stem cell populations in homeostasis. While classical views refer to these pathways as independent signal transduction devices that co-operate in different systems, recent work has revealed intricate connections between their components. These observations suggest that rather than operating as two separate pathways, elements of Wnt and Notch signalling configure an integrated molecular device whose main function is to regulate transitions between cell states in development and homeostasis. Here, we propose a general framework for the structure and function of the interactions between these signalling systems that is focused on the notion of 'transition states', i.e. intermediates that arise during cell fate decision processes. These intermediates act as checkpoints in cell fate decision processes and are characterised by the mixed molecular identities of the states involved in these processes.
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Luis N, Morey L, Mejetta S, Pascual G, Janich P, Kuebler B, Roma G, Nascimento E, Frye M, Di Croce L, Benitah S. Regulation of Human Epidermal Stem Cell Proliferation and Senescence Requires Polycomb- Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cbx4. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9:233-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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