1
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Ashworth JC, Cox TR. The importance of 3D fibre architecture in cancer and implications for biomaterial model design. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:461-479. [PMID: 38886573 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The need for improved prediction of clinical response is driving the development of cancer models with enhanced physiological relevance. A new concept of 'precision biomaterials' is emerging, encompassing patient-mimetic biomaterial models that seek to accurately detect, treat and model cancer by faithfully recapitulating key microenvironmental characteristics. Despite recent advances allowing tissue-mimetic stiffness and molecular composition to be replicated in vitro, approaches for reproducing the 3D fibre architectures found in tumour extracellular matrix (ECM) remain relatively unexplored. Although the precise influences of patient-specific fibre architecture are unclear, we summarize the known roles of tumour fibre architecture, underlining their implications in cell-matrix interactions and ultimately clinical outcome. We then explore the challenges in reproducing tissue-specific 3D fibre architecture(s) in vitro, highlighting relevant biomaterial fabrication techniques and their benefits and limitations. Finally, we discuss imaging and image analysis techniques (focussing on collagen I-optimized approaches) that could hold the key to mapping tumour-specific ECM into high-fidelity biomaterial models. We anticipate that an interdisciplinary approach, combining materials science, cancer research and image analysis, will elucidate the role of 3D fibre architecture in tumour development, leading to the next generation of patient-mimetic models for mechanistic studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ashworth
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK.
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - T R Cox
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Ghosh B, Chatterjee J, Paul RR, Acuña S, Lahiri P, Pal M, Mitra P, Agarwal K. Molecular histopathology of matrix proteins through autofluorescence super-resolution microscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10524. [PMID: 38719976 PMCID: PMC11078950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix diseases like fibrosis are elusive to diagnose early on, to avoid complete loss of organ function or even cancer progression, making early diagnosis crucial. Imaging the matrix densities of proteins like collagen in fixed tissue sections with suitable stains and labels is a standard for diagnosis and staging. However, fine changes in matrix density are difficult to realize by conventional histological staining and microscopy as the matrix fibrils are finer than the resolving capacity of these microscopes. The dyes further blur the outline of the matrix and add a background that bottlenecks high-precision early diagnosis of matrix diseases. Here we demonstrate the multiple signal classification method-MUSICAL-otherwise a computational super-resolution microscopy technique to precisely estimate matrix density in fixed tissue sections using fibril autofluorescence with image stacks acquired on a conventional epifluorescence microscope. We validated the diagnostic and staging performance of the method in extracted collagen fibrils, mouse skin during repair, and pre-cancers in human oral mucosa. The method enables early high-precision label-free diagnosis of matrix-associated fibrotic diseases without needing additional infrastructure or rigorous clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajoy Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Ranjan Rashmi Paul
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700114, India
| | | | - Pooja Lahiri
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Mousumi Pal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700114, India
| | - Pabitra Mitra
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Krishna Agarwal
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
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3
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Raju G, Nayak S, Acharya N, Sunder M, Kistenev Y, Mazumder N. Exploring the future of regenerative medicine: Unveiling the potential of optical microscopy for structural and functional imaging of stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300360. [PMID: 38168892 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, which utilizes stem cells for tissue and organ repair, holds immense promise in healthcare. A comprehensive understanding of stem cell characteristics is crucial to unlock their potential. This study explores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in advancing regenerative medicine as a potent tool for stem cell research. Advanced optical microscopy techniques enable an in-depth examination of stem cell behavior, morphology, and functionality. The review encompasses current optical microscopy, elucidating its capabilities and constraints in stem cell imaging, while also shedding light on emerging technologies for improved stem cell visualization. Optical microscopy, complemented by techniques like fluorescence and multiphoton imaging, enhances our comprehension of stem cell dynamics. The introduction of label-free imaging facilitates noninvasive, real-time stem cell monitoring without external dyes or markers. By pushing the boundaries of optical microscopy, researchers reveal the intricate cellular mechanisms underpinning regenerative processes, thereby advancing more effective therapeutic strategies. The current study not only outlines the future of regenerative medicine but also underscores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in both structural and functional stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Raju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Nayak
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Acharya
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridula Sunder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Yury Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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4
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Maciel BR, Grimm A, Oelschlaeger C, Schepers U, Willenbacher N. Targeted micro-heterogeneity in bioinks allows for 3D printing of complex constructs with improved resolution and cell viability. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045013. [PMID: 37552974 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acee22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is an evolving versatile technique for biomedical applications. Ideal bioinks have complex micro-environment that mimic human tissue, allow for good printing quality and provide high cell viability after printing. Here we present two strategies for enhancing gelatin-based bioinks heterogeneity on a 1-100µm length scale resulting in superior printing quality and high cell viability. A thorough spatial and micro-mechanical characterization of swollen hydrogel heterogeneity was done using multiple particle tracking microrheology. When poly(vinyl alcohol) is added to homogeneous gelatin gels, viscous inclusions are formed due to micro-phase separation. This phenomenon leads to pronounced slip and superior printing quality of complex 3D constructs as well as high human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell viability due to reduced shear damage during extrusion. Similar printability and cell viability results are obtained with gelatin/nanoclay composites. The formation of polymer/nanoclay clusters reduces the critical stress of gel fracture, which facilitates extrusion, thus enhancing printing quality and cell viability. Targeted introduction of micro-heterogeneities in bioinks through micro-phase separation is an effective technique for high resolution 3D printing of complex constructs with high cell viability. The size of the heterogeneities, however, has to be substantially smaller than the desired feature size in order to achieve good printing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Maciel
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alisa Grimm
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Hoyle H, Stenger C, Przyborski S. Design considerations of benchtop fluid flow bioreactors for bio-engineered tissue equivalents in vitro. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100063. [PMID: 36824373 PMCID: PMC9934498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major aims of bio-engineering tissue equivalents in vitro is to create physiologically relevant culture conditions to accurately recreate the cellular microenvironment. This often includes incorporation of factors such as the extracellular matrix, co-culture of multiple cell types and three-dimensional culture techniques. These advanced techniques can recapitulate some of the properties of tissue in vivo, however fluid flow is a key aspect that is often absent. Fluid flow can be introduced into cell and tissue culture using bioreactors, which are becoming increasingly common as we seek to produce increasingly accurate tissue models. Bespoke technology is continuously being developed to tailor systems for specific applications and to allow compatibility with a range of culture techniques. For effective perfusion of a tissue culture many parameters can be controlled, ranging from impacts of the fluid flow such as increased shear stress and mass transport, to potentially unwanted side effects such as temperature fluctuations. A thorough understanding of these properties and their implications on the culture model can aid with a more accurate interpretation of results. Improved and more complete characterisation of bioreactor properties will also lead to greater accuracy when reporting culture conditions in protocols, aiding experimental reproducibility, and allowing more precise comparison of results between different systems. In this review we provide an analysis of the different factors involved in the development of benchtop flow bioreactors and their potential biological impacts across a range of applications.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- Bioreactors
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- Cell culture
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FDM, fused deposition modelling
- Fluid flow
- PC, polycarbonate
- PET, polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene
- SLA, stereolithography
- Tissue engineering
- UL, unstirred layer
- UV, ultraviolet light
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Affiliation(s)
- H.W. Hoyle
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C.M.L. Stenger
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S.A. Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,NETPark Incubator, Reprocell Europe Ltd., Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield TS21 3FD, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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6
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Krujatz F, Dani S, Windisch J, Emmermacher J, Hahn F, Mosshammer M, Murthy S, Steingroewer J, Walther T, Kühl M, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Think outside the box: 3D bioprinting concepts for biotechnological applications – recent developments and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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8
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Apte G, Börke J, Rothe H, Liefeith K, Nguyen TH. Modulation of Platelet-Surface Activation: Current State and Future Perspectives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5574-5589. [PMID: 35021790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of platelet-surface activation is important for many biomedical applications such as in vivo performance, platelet storage, and acceptance of an implant. Reducing platelet-surface activation is challenging because they become activated immediately after short contact with nonphysiological surfaces. To date, controversies and open questions in the field of platelet-surface activation still remain. Here, we review state-of-the-art approaches in inhibiting platelet-surface activation, mainly focusing on modification, patterning, and methodologies for characterization of the surfaces. As a future perspective, we discuss how the combination of biochemical and physiochemical strategies together with the topographical modulations would assist in the search for an ideal nonthrombogenic surface.
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9
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Sruthi R, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone coaxial electrospun fibers containing veratric acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111110. [PMID: 32416516 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxy benzoic acid) (VA) is a hydrophobic phenolic phytocompound possessing therapeutic potential, but it has not been reported as actuating bone regeneration to date. Furthermore, delivery of hydrophobic compounds is often impeded in the body, thus depreciating their bioavailability. In this study, VA was found to have osteogenic potential and its sustained delivery was facilitated through a nanoparticle-embedded coaxial electrospinning technique. Polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) coaxial fibers were electrospun, encasing VA-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHS-NP). The fibers showed commendable physiochemical and material properties and were biocompatible with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). When mMSCs were grown on coaxial fibers, VA promoted these cells towards osteoblast differentiation as was reflected by calcium deposits. The mRNA expression of Runx2, an important bone transcriptional regulator, and other differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, and osteocalcin were found to be upregulated in mMSCs grown on the PCL/PVP/CHS-NP-VA fibers. Overall, the study portrays the delivery of the phytocompound, VA, in a sustained manner to promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Venkateshaiah A, Padil VV, Nagalakshmaiah M, Waclawek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Microscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Micro and Nanostructures of Biopolymers and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E512. [PMID: 32120773 PMCID: PMC7182842 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, a class of materials extracted from renewable sources, is garnering interest due to growing concerns over environmental safety; biopolymers have the advantage of biocompatibility and biodegradability, an imperative requirement. The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanofibers from biopolymers provides a green platform relative to the conventional methods that use hazardous chemicals. However, it is challenging to characterize these nanoparticles and fibers due to the variation in size, shape, and morphology. In order to evaluate these properties, microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are essential. With the advent of new biopolymer systems, it is necessary to obtain insights into the fundamental structures of these systems to determine their structural, physical, and morphological properties, which play a vital role in defining their performance and applications. Microscopic techniques perform a decisive role in revealing intricate details, which assists in the appraisal of microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial properties. This review highlights the significance of various microscopic techniques incorporating the literature details that help characterize biopolymers and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Vinod V.T. Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Malladi Nagalakshmaiah
- IMT Lille Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM), 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Stanisław Waclawek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:533-549. [PMID: 31395974 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is organized in a hierarchical 3D architecture. Traditionally, analysis of the skeletal system was based on bone mass assessment by radiographic methods or on the examination of bone structure by 2D histological sections. Advanced imaging technologies and big data analysis now enable the unprecedented examination of bone and provide new insights into its 3D macrostructure and microstructure. These technologies comprise ex vivo and in vivo methods including high-resolution computed tomography (CT), synchrotron-based imaging, X-ray microscopy, ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, confocal and intravital two-photon imaging. In concert, these techniques have been used to detect and quantify a novel vascular system of trans-cortical vessels in bone. Furthermore, structures such as the lacunar network, which harbours and connects osteocytes, become accessible for 3D imaging and quantification using these methods. Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply are anticipated to contribute to an entirely new understanding of bone tissue composition and function, from macroscale to nanoscale, in health and disease. These insights could provide the basis for early detection and precision-type intervention of bone disorders in the future.
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12
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Huang HW, Liu D, Hu JM, Xu SY, Zhuo SM, Liu YG, Zhao M. Application of Nonlinear Optical Microscopic Imaging Technology for Quality Assessment of Donor Kidneys. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3128-3134. [PMID: 30577178 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonlinear optical microscopic (NLOM) imaging technique shows its high resolution imaging features in histocytology. The purpose of this study was to investigate NLOM imaging technique as a useful tool for a donor kidney quality assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three pretransplant kidney biopsies from adult donors were analyzed retrospectively. Each specimen was paraffin-embedded and sectioned into 2 consecutive 5-μm thick sections. One section was stained with Masson trichrome, and the other was left unstained for NLOM imaging using second harmonic generation combined with two-photon excited fluorescence (SHG/TPEF). The pretransplant kidney quality was assessed by an experienced pathologist using the Remuzzi scoring system, which characterizes renal tissue morphology into 4 aspects: tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular injury. The K coefficient was used to measure the consistency of the Remuzzi scores between conventional Masson trichrome stained images and SHG/TPEF images. RESULTS NLOM imaging technology can capture high-resolution tissue images from unstained renal tissue, is easy to operate, and shortens time-consuming histological processing procedures. No significant differences (P > .05) were found between the Remuzzi scores of the SHG/TPEF images and the Masson trichrome stained images. The high κ coefficients (0.804-0.895) showed a good consistency between these 2 techniques. CONCLUSION The NLOM technique is suitable for renal tissue imaging and could potentially be used for routine pretransplant kidney evaluation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Huang
- Department of Transplantation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, NanNing, China
| | - D Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J M Hu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Y Xu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computational and System Biology Program, Singapore
| | - S M Zhuo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y G Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - M Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Piccirillo G, Ditaranto MV, Feuerer NFS, Carvajal Berrio DA, Brauchle EM, Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K, Hinderer S. Non-invasive characterization of hybrid gelatin:poly-l-lactide electrospun scaffolds using second harmonic generation and multiphoton imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6399-6412. [PMID: 32254648 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid scaffolds composed of synthetic polymers and naturally occurring components have become more relevant in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Synthetic polymers are responsible for scaffold durability, strength and structural integrity; however, often do not provide biological signals. Introducing a biological component leads to more advanced and biocompatible scaffolds. In order to use these scaffolds as implants, a deeper knowledge of material characteristics and the impact of the biological component on the scaffold mechanical properties are required. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement fast, easy and non-invasive methods to determine material characteristics. In this work, we aimed to generate gelatin-poly-l-lactide (PLA) hybrids via electrospinning with defined, controllable and tunable scaffold characteristics. Using Raman microspectroscopy, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the cross-linking reaction and evaluated the increasing PLA content in the hybrid scaffolds with a non-invasive approach. Using multiphoton microscopy, we showed that gelatin fibers electrospun from a fluorinated solvent exhibit a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal typical for collagen-like structures. Compared to pure gelatin, where the SHG signal vanishes after cross-linking, the signal could be preserved in the hybrid scaffolds even after cross-linking. Furthermore, we non-invasively imaged cellular growth of human dermal fibroblasts on the hybrid electrospun scaffolds and performed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy on the cell-seeded hybrids, where we were able to discriminate between cells and scaffolds. Here, we successfully employed non-invasive methods to evaluate scaffold characteristics and investigate cell-material interactions.
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14
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Vielreicher M, Kralisch D, Völkl S, Sternal F, Arkudas A, Friedrich O. Bacterial nanocellulose stimulates mesenchymal stem cell expansion and formation of stable collagen-I networks as a novel biomaterial in tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9401. [PMID: 29925980 PMCID: PMC6010428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic scaffolds are of great interest to tissue engineering (TE) and tissue repair as they support important cell functions. Scaffold coating with soluble collagen-I has been used to achieve better tissue integration in orthopaedy, however, as collagen persistence was only temporary such efforts were limited. Adequate coverage with cell-derived ECM collagen-I would promise great success, in particular for TE of mechanically challenged tissues. Here, we have used label-free, non-invasive multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to characterise bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) - a promising biomaterial for bone TE - and their potency to stimulate collagen-I formation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). BNC fleeces were investigated by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging and by their characteristic autofluorescence (AF) pattern, here described for the first time. Seeded MSCs adhered fast, tight and very stable, grew to multilayers and formed characteristic, wide-spread and long-lasting collagen-I. MSCs used micron-sized lacunae and cracks on the BNC surface as cell niches. Detailed analysis using a collagen-I specific binding protein revealed a highly ordered collagen network structure at the cell-material interface. In addition, we have evidence that BNC is able to stimulate MSCs towards osteogenic differentiation. These findings offer new options for the development of engineered tissue constructs based on BNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen, 91052, Germany.
| | - Dana Kralisch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology. Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Sternal
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
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15
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Liu Z, Tang M, Zhao J, Chai R, Kang J. Looking into the Future: Toward Advanced 3D Biomaterials for Stem-Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705388. [PMID: 29450919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies have the potential to provide novel solutions for the treatment of a variety of diseases, but the main obstacles to such therapies lie in the uncontrolled differentiation and functional engraftment of implanted tissues. The physicochemical microenvironment controls the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells, and the key step in mimicking the stem cell microenvironment is to construct a more physiologically relevant 3D culture system. Material-based 3D assemblies of stem cells facilitate the cellular interactions that promote morphogenesis and tissue organization in a similar manner to that which occurs during embryogenesis. Both natural and artificial materials can be used to create 3D scaffolds, and synthetic organic and inorganic porous materials are the two main kinds of artificial materials. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities to design novel advanced materials with special physicochemical properties for 3D stem cell culture and transplantation. Herein, the advances and advantages of 3D scaffold materials, especially with respect to stem-cell-based therapies, are first outlined. Second, the stem cell biology in 3D scaffold materials is reviewed. Third, the progress and basic principles of developing 3D scaffold materials for clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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16
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La Gatta A, Ricci G, Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Filosa R, Papa A, D’Agostino A, Portaccio M, Delfino I, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Hyaluronan hydrogels with a low degree of modification as scaffolds for cartilage engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:978-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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In vitro remodeling and structural characterization of degradable polymer scaffold-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts using optical coherence tomography. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:417-426. [PMID: 28887711 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive imaging strategies to monitor long-term cultures is essential for vascular engineering. The goal of this study is to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a suitable approach to monitor the long-term remodeling process of biodegradable polymeric scaffold-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) after pulsatile stimulation and to observe polymeric scaffold degradation during bioreactor cultivation. In the present study, a perfusion system driven by a ventricular assist device was provided for a three-dimensional culture system as a pulsatile force. We characterized the structural features of wall thickness and polyglycolic acid degradation based on optical signal attenuation using catheter-based OCT. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed morphological changes. Also, polymer degradation and the detection of different types of collagen was visualized after 4 weeks of culture by means of polarized microscopy. Findings on OCT imaging correlated with those on histological examination and revealed the effects of pulsatile stimulation on the development of engineered vessels. This finding demonstrated that real-time imaging with OCT may be a promising tool for monitoring the growth and remodeling characterization of TEVG and provide a basis to promote the ideal and long-term culture of vascular tissue engineering.
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18
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Strazic Geljic I, Melis N, Boukhechba F, Schaub S, Mellier C, Janvier P, Laugier J, Bouler J, Verron E, Scimeca J. Gallium enhances reconstructive properties of a calcium phosphate bone biomaterial. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e854-e866. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Strazic Geljic
- Université Nice Sophia AntipolisCNRS, Inserm, iBV Nice France
- GRAFTYS SA Aix en Provence France
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Université Nice Sophia AntipolisCNRS, Inserm, iBV Nice France
| | - Florian Boukhechba
- Université Nice Sophia AntipolisCNRS, Inserm, iBV Nice France
- GRAFTYS SA Aix en Provence France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elise Verron
- LIOADUniversité de Nantes Inserm UMR791 BP84215 Nantes France
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19
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Lepore M, Portaccio M, Delfino I, Sironi L, La Gatta A, D'Agostino A, Izzo E, Schiraldi C. Physico-optical properties of a crosslinked hyaluronic acid scaffold for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lepore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
| | - Marianna Portaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
| | - Ines Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche; Università della Tuscia; Viterbo I-01100 Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”; Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca; Milano I-20126 Italy
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
| | - Antonella D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
| | - E. Izzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli; Naples I-80123 Italy
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20
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Assessment of Population and ECM Production Using Multiphoton Microscopy as an Indicator of Cell Viability. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28470531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6960-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy allows continuous depth-resolved, nondestructive imaging of scaffold-seeded cells during cell or tissue culture. Spectrally separated images in high resolution can be provided while cells are conserved in their native state. Here we describe the seeding of mesenchymal stem cells to bacterial nanocellulose hydropolymer scaffolds followed by 2-channel imaging of cellular autofluorescence (AF) and collagen-I formation using second harmonic generation (SHG) signals. With this approach the simultaneous observation of the progression of cell morphology and production of extracellular matrix as hallmarks of viability and cell fitness is possible.
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21
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Murphy AR, Laslett A, O'Brien CM, Cameron NR. Scaffolds for 3D in vitro culture of neural lineage cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:1-20. [PMID: 28259835 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how neurodegenerative disorders develop is not only a key challenge for researchers but also for the wider society, given the rapidly aging populations in developed countries. Advances in this field require new tools with which to recreate neural tissue in vitro and produce realistic disease models. This in turn requires robust and reliable systems for performing 3D in vitro culture of neural lineage cells. This review provides a state of the art update on three-dimensional culture systems for in vitro development of neural tissue, employing a wide range of scaffold types including hydrogels, solid porous polymers, fibrous materials and decellularised tissues as well as microfluidic devices and lab-on-a-chip systems. To provide some context with in vivo development of the central nervous system (CNS), we also provide a brief overview of the neural stem cell niche, neural development and neural differentiation in vitro. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for this exciting and important field of biomaterials research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and motor neuron diseases, are a major societal challenge for aging populations. Understanding these conditions and developing therapies against them will require the development of new physical models of healthy and diseased neural tissue. Cellular models resembling neural tissue can be cultured in the laboratory with the help of 3D scaffolds - materials that allow the organization of neural cells into tissue-like structures. This review presents recent work on the development of different types of scaffolds for the 3D culture of neural lineage cells and the generation of functioning neural-like tissue. These in vitro culture systems are enabling the development of new approaches for modelling and tackling diseases of the brain and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Murphy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Science, Technology, Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Carmel M O'Brien
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Science, Technology, Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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22
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Electrospun poly-l-lactide scaffold for the controlled and targeted delivery of a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug to treat actinic keratosis. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:187-196. [PMID: 27816622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actinic Keratosis' (AKs) are small skin lesions that are related to a prolonged sun-damage, which can develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) when left untreated. Effective, specific and well tolerable therapies to cure AKs are still of great interest. Diclofenac (DCF) is the current gold standard for the local treatment of AKs in terms of costs, effectiveness, side effects and tolerability. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold loaded with a synthetic DCF prodrug was developed and characterized. Specifically, the prodrug was successfully synthetized by binding DCF to a glycine residue via solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and then incorporated in an electrospun PLA scaffold. The drug encapsulation was verified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and its scaffold release was spectrophotometrically monitored and confirmed with MPM. The scaffold was further characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing and contact angle measurements. Its biocompatibility was verified by performing a cell proliferation assay and compared to PLA scaffolds containing the same amount of DCF sodium salt (DCFONa). Finally, the effect of the electrospun scaffolds on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) morphology and metabolism was investigated by combining MPM with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The obtained results suggest that the obtained scaffold could be suitable for the controlled and targeted delivery of the synthesized prodrug for the treatment of AKs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Electrospun scaffolds are of growing interest as materials for a controlled drug delivery. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid scaffold containing a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug is proposed as a novel substrate for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. A controlled drug delivery targeted to the area of interest could enhance the efficacy of the therapy and favor the healing process. The prodrug was synthesized via solid phase, employing a clean and versatile approach to obtain Diclofenac derivatives. Here, we used multiphoton microscopy to image drug encapsulation within the fibrous scaffold and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to investigate Diclofenac effects and potential mechanisms of action.
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23
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Orciani M, Fini M, Di Primio R, Mattioli-Belmonte M. Biofabrication and Bone Tissue Regeneration: Cell Source, Approaches, and Challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:17. [PMID: 28386538 PMCID: PMC5362636 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing occurrence of bone disorders and the increase in aging population have resulted in the need for more effective therapies to meet this request. Bone tissue engineering strategies, by combining biomaterials, cells, and signaling factors, are seen as alternatives to conventional bone grafts for repairing or rebuilding bone defects. Indeed, skeletal tissue engineering has not yet achieved full translation into clinical practice because of several challenges. Bone biofabrication by additive manufacturing techniques may represent a possible solution, with its intrinsic capability for accuracy, reproducibility, and customization of scaffolds as well as cell and signaling molecule delivery. This review examines the existing research in bone biofabrication and the appropriate cells and factors selection for successful bone regeneration as well as limitations affecting these approaches. Challenges that need to be tackled with the highest priority are the obtainment of appropriate vascularized scaffolds with an accurate spatiotemporal biochemical and mechanical stimuli release, in order to improve osseointegration as well as osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Orciani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Università Politenica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Università Politenica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Università Politenica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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24
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Kennedy KM, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. Cell-matrix mechanical interaction in electrospun polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering: Implications for scaffold design and performance. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:41-55. [PMID: 28011142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Engineered scaffolds produced by electrospinning of biodegradable polymers offer a 3D, nanofibrous environment with controllable structural, chemical, and mechanical properties that mimic the extracellular matrix of native tissues and have shown promise for a number of tissue engineering applications. The microscale mechanical interactions between cells and electrospun matrices drive cell behaviors including migration and differentiation that are critical to promote tissue regeneration. Recent developments in understanding these mechanical interactions in electrospun environments are reviewed, with emphasis on how fiber geometry and polymer structure impact on the local mechanical properties of scaffolds, how altering the micromechanics cues cell behaviors, and how, in turn, cellular and extrinsic forces exerted on the matrix mechanically remodel an electrospun scaffold throughout tissue development. Techniques used to measure and visualize these mechanical interactions are described. We provide a critical outlook on technological gaps that must be overcome to advance the ability to design, assess, and manipulate the mechanical environment in electrospun scaffolds toward constructs that may be successfully applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineering requires design of scaffolds that interact with cells to promote tissue development. Electrospinning is a promising technique for fabricating fibrous, biomimetic scaffolds. Effects of electrospun matrix microstructure and biochemical properties on cell behavior have been extensively reviewed previously; here, we consider cell-matrix interaction from a mechanical perspective. Micromechanical properties as a driver of cell behavior has been well established in planar substrates, but more recently, many studies have provided new insights into mechanical interaction in fibrillar, electrospun environments. This review provides readers with an overview of how electrospun scaffold mechanics and cell behavior work in a dynamic feedback loop to drive tissue development, and discusses opportunities for improved design of mechanical environments that are conducive to tissue development.
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25
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Azinfar L, Ravanfar M, Wang Y, Zhang K, Duan D, Yao G. High resolution imaging of the fibrous microstructure in bovine common carotid artery using optical polarization tractography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:231-241. [PMID: 26663698 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of artery are primarily determined by the fibrous structures in the vessel wall. Many vascular diseases are associated with alternations in the orientation and alignment of the fibrous structure in the arterial wall. Knowledge on the structural features of the artery wall is crucial to our understanding of the biology of vascular diseases and the development of novel therapies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarization-sensitive OCT have shown great promise in imaging blood vessels due to their high resolution, fast acquisition, good imaging depth, and large field of view. However, the feasibility of using OCT based methods for imaging fiber orientation and distribution in the arterial wall has not been investigated. Here we show that the optical polarization tractography (OPT), a technology developed from Jones matrix OCT, can reveal the fiber orientation and alignment in the bovine common carotid artery. The fiber orientation and alignment data obtained in OPT provided a robust contrast marker to clearly resolve the intima and media boundary of the carotid artery wall. Optical polarization tractography can visualize fiber orientation and alignment in carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azinfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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26
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Tendulkar G, Grau P, Ziegler P, Buck A, Buck A, Badke A, Kaps HP, Ehnert S, Nussler AK. Imaging Cell Viability on Non-transparent Scaffolds - Using the Example of a Novel Knitted Titanium Implant. J Vis Exp 2016:54537. [PMID: 27684965 PMCID: PMC5092001 DOI: 10.3791/54537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration and disc herniation is one of the major causes of lower back pain. Depletion of extracellular matrix, culminating in nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion leads to intervertebral disc destruction. Currently available surgical treatments reduce the pain but do not restore the mechanical functionality of the spine. In order to preserve mechanical features of the spine, total disc or nucleus replacement thus became a wide interest. However, this arthroplasty era is still in an immature state, since none of the existing products have been clinically evaluated. This study intends to test the biocompatibility of a novel nucleus implant made of knitted titanium wires. Despite all mechanical advantages, the material has its limits for conventional optical analysis as the resulting implant is non-transparent. Here we present a strategy that describes in vitro visualization, tracking and viability testing of osteochondro-progenitor cells on the scaffold. This protocol can be used to visualize the efficiency of the cleaning protocol as well as to investigate the biocompatibility of these and other non-transparent scaffolds. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to show adherence pattern of cells as well as cell viability and proliferation rates on/in the scaffold. This in vitro biocompatibility testing assay provides a propitious tool to analyze cell-material interaction in non-transparent and opaque scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Tendulkar
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
| | - Phillip Grau
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Department of Orthopaedics, BG Trauma-Center
| | | | | | - Andreas Badke
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Department of Orthopaedics, BG Trauma-Center
| | - Hans-Peter Kaps
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Department of Orthopaedics, BG Trauma-Center
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research at the BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen;
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27
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Haugh MG, Heilshorn SC. Integrating Concepts of Material Mechanics, Ligand Chemistry, Dimensionality and Degradation to Control Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 20:171-179. [PMID: 28458610 PMCID: PMC5404745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of substrate mechanics in guiding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate has been the focus of much research over the last decade. More recently, the complex interplay between substrate mechanics and other material properties such as ligand chemistry and substrate degradability to regulate MSC differentiation has begun to be elucidated. Additionally, there are several changes in the presentation of these material properties as the dimensionality is altered from two- to three-dimensional substrates, which may fundamentally alter our understanding of substrate-induced mechanotransduction processes. In this review, an overview of recent findings that highlight the material properties that are important in guiding MSC fate decisions is presented, with a focus on underlining gaps in our existing knowledge and proposing potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Haugh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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28
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Soto AM, Koivisto JT, Parraga JE, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Kellomäki M, Hyttinen J, Figueiras E. Optical Projection Tomography Technique for Image Texture and Mass Transport Studies in Hydrogels Based on Gellan Gum. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5173-5182. [PMID: 27138138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and permeability are crucial factors for the development of hydrogels for tissue engineering, since they influence cell nutrition, penetration, and proliferation. The currently available imaging methods able to characterize hydrogels have many limitations. They often require sample drying and other destructive processing, which can change hydrogel structure, or they have limited imaging penetration depth. In this work, we show for the first time an alternative nondestructive method, based on optical projection tomography (OPT) imaging, to characterize hydrated hydrogels without the need of sample processing. As proof of concept, we used gellan gum (GG) hydrogels obtained by several cross-linking methods. Transmission mode OPT was used to analyze image microtextures, and emission mode OPT to study mass transport. Differences in hydrogel structure related to different types of cross-linking and between modified and native GG were found through the acquired Haralick's image texture features followed by multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). In mass transport studies, the mobility of FITC-dextran (MW 20, 150, 2000 kDa) was analyzed through the macroscopic hydrogel. The FITC-dextran velocities were found to be inversely proportional to the size of the dextran as expected. Furthermore, the threshold size in which the transport is affected by the hydrogel mesh was found to be 150 kDa (Stokes' radii between 69 and 95 Å). On the other hand, the mass transport study allowed us to define an index of homogeneity to assess the cross-linking distribution, structure inside the hydrogel, and repeatability of hydrogel production. As a conclusion, we showed that the set of OPT imaging based material characterization methods presented here are useful for screening many characteristics of hydrogel compositions in relatively short time in an inexpensive manner, providing tools for improving the process of designing hydrogels for tissue engineering and drugs/cells delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Soto
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne T Koivisto
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Heart Group, BioMediTech, University of Tampere , 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenny E Parraga
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco GMR, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco GMR, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco GMR, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Edite Figueiras
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, ELT Department, Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech - Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology,33720 Tampere, Finland
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Monaghan MG, Kroll S, Brucker SY, Schenke-Layland K. Enabling Multiphoton and Second Harmonic Generation Imaging in Paraffin-Embedded and Histologically Stained Sections. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:517-23. [PMID: 27018844 PMCID: PMC4922008 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy, namely multiphoton imaging and second harmonic generation (SHG), is an established noninvasive technique useful for the imaging of extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically, measurements are performed in vivo on freshly excised tissues or biopsies. In this article, we describe the effect of rehydrating paraffin-embedded sections on multiphoton and SHG emission signals and the acquisition of nonlinear images from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections before and after a destaining protocol. Our results reveal that bringing tissue sections to a physiological state yields a significant improvement in nonlinear signals, particularly in SHG. Additionally, the destaining of sections previously processed with H&E staining significantly improves their SHG emission signals during imaging, thereby allowing sufficient analysis of collagen in these sections. These results are important for researchers and pathologists to obtain additional information from paraffin-embedded tissues and archived samples to perform retrospective analysis of the ECM or gain additional information from rare samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kroll
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- 1 Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany .,2 Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany .,3 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California , Los Angeles, California
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. New
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Leferink AM, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Methods of Monitoring Cell Fate and Tissue Growth in Three-Dimensional Scaffold-Based Strategies for In Vitro Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:265-83. [PMID: 26825610 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for methods that allow assessing the performance of tissue-engineered constructs noninvasively in vitro and in vivo. To date, histological analysis is the golden standard to retrieve information on tissue growth, cellular distribution, and cell fate on tissue-engineered constructs after in vitro cell culture or on explanted specimens after in vivo applications. Yet, many advances have been made to optimize imaging techniques for monitoring tissue-engineered constructs with a sub-mm or μm resolution. Many imaging modalities have first been developed for clinical applications, in which a high penetration depth has been often more important than lateral resolution. In this study, we have reviewed the current state of the art in several imaging approaches that have shown to be promising in monitoring cell fate and tissue growth upon in vitro culture. Depending on the aimed tissue type and scaffold properties, some imaging methods are more applicable than others. Optical methods are mostly suited for transparent materials such as hydrogels, whereas magnetic resonance-based methods are mostly applied to obtain contrast between hard and soft tissues regardless of their transparency. Overall, this review shows that the field of imaging in scaffold-based tissue engineering is developing at a fast pace and has the potential to overcome the limitations of destructive endpoint analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 BIOS/Lab-on-a-chip Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Tang D, Tare RS, Yang LY, Williams DF, Ou KL, Oreffo ROC. Biofabrication of bone tissue: approaches, challenges and translation for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 83:363-82. [PMID: 26803405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of bone disorders has resulted in the need for more effective therapies to meet this demand, exacerbated by an increasing ageing population. Bone tissue engineering is seen as a means of developing alternatives to conventional bone grafts for repairing or reconstructing bone defects by combining biomaterials, cells and signalling factors. However, skeletal tissue engineering has not yet achieved full translation into clinical practice as a consequence of several challenges. The use of additive manufacturing techniques for bone biofabrication is seen as a potential solution, with its inherent capability for reproducibility, accuracy and customisation of scaffolds as well as cell and signalling factor delivery. This review highlights the current research in bone biofabrication, the necessary factors for successful bone biofabrication, in addition to the current limitations affecting biofabrication, some of which are a consequence of the limitations of the additive manufacturing technology itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tang
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Research Centre for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - David F Williams
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Research Centre for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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Sanen K, Paesen R, Luyck S, Phillips J, Lambrichts I, Martens W, Ameloot M. Label-free mapping of microstructural organisation in self-aligning cellular collagen hydrogels using image correlation spectroscopy. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:258-264. [PMID: 26537202 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as promising biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Despite major advances, tissue engineers have faced challenges in studying the complex dynamics of cell-mediated hydrogel remodelling. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been a pivotal tool for non-invasive visualization of collagen type I hydrogels. By taking into account the typical polarization SHG effect, we recently proposed an alternative image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) model to quantify characteristics of randomly oriented collagen fibrils. However, fibril alignment is an important feature in many tissues that needs to be monitored for effective assembly of anisotropic tissue constructs. Here we extended our previous approach to include the orientation distribution of fibrils in cellular hydrogels and show the power of this model in two biologically relevant applications. Using a collagen hydrogel contraction assay, we were able to capture cell-induced hydrogel modifications at the microscopic scale and link these to changes in overall gel dimensions over time. After 24h, the collagen density was about 3 times higher than the initial density, which was of the same order as the decrease in hydrogel area. We also showed that the orientation parameters recovered from our automated ICS model match values obtained from manual measurements. Furthermore, regions axial to cellular processes aligned at least 1.5 times faster compared with adjacent zones. Being able to capture minor temporal and spatial changes in hydrogel density and collagen fibril orientation, we demonstrated the sensitivity of this extended ICS model to deconstruct a complex environment and support its potential for tissue engineering research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is generally accepted that looking beyond bulk hydrogel composition is key in understanding the mechanisms that influence the mechanical and biological properties of artificial tissues. In this manuscript, we performed label-free non-invasive imaging and extended a robust automated analysis method to characterize the microstructural organisation of cellular hydrogel systems. We underpin the sensitivity of this technique by capturing minor changes in collagen density and fibril orientation in biologically relevant systems over time. Therefore, we believe that this method is applicable in fundamental cell-matrix research and has high-throughput potential in screening arrays of hydrogel scaffolds, making it an interesting tool for future tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Sanen
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rik Paesen
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sander Luyck
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - James Phillips
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wendy Martens
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Vielreicher M, Gellner M, Rottensteiner U, Horch RE, Arkudas A, Friedrich O. Multiphoton microscopy analysis of extracellular collagen I network formation by mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2104-2115. [PMID: 26712389 DOI: 10.1002/term.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen I is the major fibrous extracellular component of bone responsible for its ultimate tensile strength. In tissue engineering, one of the most important challenges for tissue formation is to get cells interconnected via a strong and functional extracellular matrix (ECM), mimicking as closely as possible the natural ECM geometry. Still missing in tissue engineering are: (a) a versatile, high-resolution and non-invasive approach to evaluate and quantify different aspects of ECM development within engineered biomimetic scaffolds online; and (b) deeper insights into the mechanism whereby cellular matrix production is enhanced in 3D cell-scaffold composites, putatively via enhanced focal adhesion linkage, over the 2D setting. In this study, we developed sensitive morphometric detection methods for collagen I-producing and bone-forming mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), based on multiphoton second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, and used those techniques to compare collagen I production capabilities in 2D- and 3D-arranged cells. We found that stimulating cells with 1% serum in the presence of ascorbic acid is superior to other medium conditions tested, including classical osteogenic medium. In contrast to conventional 2D culture, having MSCs packed closely in a 3D environment presumably stimulates cells to produce strong and complex collagen I networks with defined network structures (visible in SHG images) and improves collagen production. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Monika Gellner
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rottensteiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Gariboldi MI, Best SM. Effect of Ceramic Scaffold Architectural Parameters on Biological Response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:151. [PMID: 26501056 PMCID: PMC4598804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the optimization of ceramic architectures to fulfill a variety of scaffold functional requirements and improve biological response. Conventional fabrication techniques, however, do not allow for the production of geometrically controlled, reproducible structures and often fail to allow the independent variation of individual geometric parameters. Current developments in additive manufacturing technologies suggest that 3D printing will allow a more controlled and systematic exploration of scaffold architectures. This more direct translation of design into structure requires a pipeline for design-driven optimization. A theoretical framework for systematic design and evaluation of architectural parameters on biological response is presented. Four levels of architecture are considered, namely (1) surface topography, (2) pore size and geometry, (3) porous networks, and (4) macroscopic pore arrangement, including the potential for spatially varied architectures. Studies exploring the effect of various parameters within these levels are reviewed. This framework will hopefully allow uncovering of new relationships between architecture and biological response in a more systematic way as well as inform future refinement of fabrication techniques to fulfill architectural necessities with a consideration of biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabella Gariboldi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena M. Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jay L, Bourget JM, Goyer B, Singh K, Brunette I, Ozaki T, Proulx S. Characterization of tissue-engineered posterior corneas using second- and third-harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125564. [PMID: 25918849 PMCID: PMC4412819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissues, such as the cornea, are now being engineered as substitutes for the rehabilitation of vision in patients with blinding corneal diseases. Engineering of tissues for translational purposes requires a non-invasive monitoring to control the quality of the resulting biomaterial. Unfortunately, most current methods still imply invasive steps, such as fixation and staining, to clearly observe the tissue-engineered cornea, a transparent tissue with weak natural contrast. Second- and third-harmonic generation imaging are well known to provide high-contrast, high spatial resolution images of such tissues, by taking advantage of the endogenous contrast agents of the tissue itself. In this article, we imaged tissue-engineered corneal substitutes using both harmonic microscopy and classic histopathology techniques. We demonstrate that second- and third-harmonic imaging can non-invasively provide important information regarding the quality and the integrity of these partial-thickness posterior corneal substitutes (observation of collagen network, fibroblasts and endothelial cells). These two nonlinear imaging modalities offer the new opportunity of monitoring the engineered corneas during the entire process of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jay
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goyer
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tsuneyuki Ozaki
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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3D Bioprinting and 3D Imaging for Stem Cell Engineering. BIOPRINTING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21386-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Helmedag MJ, Weinandy S, Marquardt Y, Baron JM, Pallua N, Suschek CV, Jockenhoevel S. The effects of constant flow bioreactor cultivation and keratinocyte seeding densities on prevascularized organotypic skin grafts based on a fibrin scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:343-52. [PMID: 25159286 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic full-thickness skin grafts (OTSG) are already an important technology for treating various skin conditions and are well established for skin research and development. These obvious benefits are often impaired by the need of laborious production, their noncomplete autologous composition, and, most importantly, their lack of included vasculature. Therefore, our study focused on combining a prevascularized dermal layer with an epidermis to cultivate full-thickness skin grafts incorporating capillary-like networks. It has been shown that prevascularization accelerates ingrowth of tissue-engineered grafts, and it is a prerequisite to circumvent diffusion limits due to graft thickness. To obtain such a graft, we chose a dermal layer incorporating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HuVEC) amid human dermal fibroblasts within a fibrin-based scaffold, seeded apically with human foreskin keratinocytes (hfKC). Our research investigated the used concept's feasibility, as well as the effect of hfKC addition on the development of a well-connected capillary-like network after approximately 21 days. In addition, we evaluated the utilization of a custom-made constant flow bioreactor for simplified cultivation of these grafts, therefore possibly easing graft production and presumably increasing their cost effectiveness. Skin grafts were assessed by conventional two-dimensional histology. In addition, software-assisted three-dimensional evaluation of the capillary-like structure networks was performed by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and subsequent image processing was done with ImagePro(®) Analyzer 7.0 software, thereby evaluating its platform technology power in the field of prevascularized skin grafts. All samples showed a capillary-like structure network, but we could report a significant reduction of its total length after 14 days of tri-culture with 5×10(5)/cm(2) seeded hfKC, possibly indicating nutritional deficiencies for this particular high cell density experimental setup. Lower concentrations of hfKC did not affect the formation of the capillary-like structures significantly. The developed bioreactor simplified cultivation of prevascularized OTSG. However, a flow-dependent reduction of capillary-like structures in 1 and 5 mL/min flow conditions occurred. We conclude that our technique for creating prevascularized OTSG is feasible. In addition, TPLSM is well suited for analyzing the prevascularization process. We hypothesize that the handling benefits of our bioreactor can be preserved by using considerably lower flow rates while not impairing the forming of capillary-like structure networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Julian Helmedag
- 1 Department for Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
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Barthes J, Özçelik H, Hindié M, Ndreu-Halili A, Hasan A, Vrana NE. Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: the recent advances. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:921905. [PMID: 25143954 PMCID: PMC4124711 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the cells have a direct effect on cells' behaviour and subsequently on clinical outcomes. Physical, chemical, and biological control of cell microenvironment are of crucial importance for the ability to direct and control cell behaviour in 3-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds spatially and temporally. In this review, we will focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects and their interactions can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities. The effect of these parameters on the cellular behaviour within tissue engineering context is discussed and how these parameters are used to develop engineered tissues is elaborated. Also, recent techniques developed for the monitoring of the cell microenvironment in vitro and in vivo are reviewed, together with recent tissue engineering applications where the control of cell microenvironment has been exploited. Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring are crucial parts of tissue engineering efforts and systems which utilize different components of the cell microenvironment simultaneously can provide more functional engineered tissues in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barthes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, “Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie”, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hayriye Özçelik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, “Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie”, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Hindié
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy Pontoise, France
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, “Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie”, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Protip SAS, 8 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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40
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Thrivikraman G, Madras G, Basu B. In vitro/In vivo assessment and mechanisms of toxicity of bioceramic materials and its wear particulates. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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41
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Meyer T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Accumulating advantages, reducing limitations: multimodal nonlinear imaging in biomedical sciences - the synergy of multiple contrast mechanisms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:887-904. [PMID: 24259267 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear microscopy has matured during the past decades to one of the key imaging modalities in life science and biomedicine due to its unique capabilities of label-free visualization of tissue structure and chemical composition, high depth penetration, intrinsic 3D sectioning, diffraction limited resolution and low phototoxicity. This review briefly summarizes first recent advances in the field regarding the methodology, e.g., contrast mechanisms and signal characteristics used for contrast generation as well as novel image processing approaches. The second part deals with technologic developments emphasizing improvements in penetration depth, imaging speed, spatial resolution and nonlinear labeling strategies. The third part focuses on recent applications in life science fundamental research and biomedical diagnostics as well as future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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