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Xiang M, Wu J, Wu J, Guo Y, Lha D, Pan Y, Zhang X. Heavy Grazing Altered the Biodiversity–Productivity Relationship of Alpine Grasslands in Lhasa River Valley, Tibet. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.698707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing is a crucial anthropogenic disturbance on grasslands. However, it is unknown how livestock grazing affects the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of alpine grasslands in Tibet. We carried out a grazing-manipulated experiment from 2016 to 2019 with grazing intensity levels of null (control, grazing exclusion, C.K.), moderate grazing [1.65 standardized sheep unit (SSU) per hectare, M.G.], and heavy grazing (2.47 SSU per hectare, H.G.) on a typical alpine grassland in the Lhasa River Basin, central Tibet. We measured aboveground biomass (AGB), species assembly (alpha and beta diversity indices), and soil nutrients’ availability. The results showed that grazing differently affected plant community in different treatments. Notably, the total dissimilarity value between C.K. and H.G. is 0.334. Grazing decreased the Shannon–Wiener index, increased the Berger–Parker index from 2016 to 2018 significantly, and decreased AGB and total soil nitrogen (STN) significantly. Our results also showed that the grazing affected the relationship between AGB and diversity indices and soil nutrients, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil phosphorus (STP). Specifically, AGB decreased with increasing SOC and STP in all treatments, and heavy grazing changed the positive relationships between AGB, STP, and Shannon–Wiener index to negative correlations significantly compared with grazing exclusion. There was a significant negative correlation between Berger–Parker and Shannon–Wiener indices under each treatment. The general linear models showed that H.G. altered the relationship between diversity and productivity of grassland in central Tibet, and AGB and Shannon–Wiener index positively correlated in C.K. but negatively correlated in H.G. Our study suggests that H.G. caused a negative relationship between plant diversity and productivity. Therefore, sustainable grazing management calls for a need of better understanding the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of alpine grassland in central Tibet.
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Ani CJ, Robson B. Responses of marine ecosystems to climate change impacts and their treatment in biogeochemical ecosystem models. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112223. [PMID: 33730556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and the effectiveness of intervention and mitigation strategies, we need reliable marine ecosystem response models such as biogeochemical models that reproduce climate change effects. We reviewed marine ecosystem parameters and processes that are modified by climate change and examined their representations in biogeochemical ecosystem models. The interactions among important aspects of marine ecosystem modelling are not often considered due to complexity: these include the use of multiple IPCC scenarios, ensemble modelling approach, independent calibration datasets, the consideration of changes in cloud cover, ocean currents, wind speed, sea-level rise, storm frequency, storm intensity, and the incorporation of species adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Including our recommendations in future marine modelling studies could help improve the accuracy and reliability of model predictions of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye J Ani
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, PMB3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Barbara Robson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, PMB3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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Albright R, Anthony KRN, Baird M, Beeden R, Byrne M, Collier C, Dove S, Fabricius K, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Kelly RP, Lough J, Mongin M, Munday PL, Pears RJ, Russell BD, Tilbrook B, Abal E. Ocean acidification: Linking science to management solutions using the Great Barrier Reef as a case study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 182:641-650. [PMID: 27564868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. While our understanding of the potential impacts of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems is growing, gaps remain that limit our ability to translate scientific knowledge into management action. To guide solution-based research, we review the current knowledge of ocean acidification impacts on coral reefs alongside management needs and priorities. We use the world's largest continuous reef system, Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), as a case study. We integrate scientific knowledge gained from a variety of approaches (e.g., laboratory studies, field observations, and ecosystem modelling) and scales (e.g., cell, organism, ecosystem) that underpin a systems-level understanding of how ocean acidification is likely to impact the GBR and associated goods and services. We then discuss local and regional management options that may be effective to help mitigate the effects of ocean acidification on the GBR, with likely application to other coral reef systems. We develop a research framework for linking solution-based ocean acidification research to practical management options. The framework assists in identifying effective and cost-efficient options for supporting ecosystem resilience. The framework enables on-the-ground OA management to be the focus, while not losing sight of CO2 mitigation as the ultimate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Albright
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Global Ecology, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Mark Baird
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Australia
| | - Roger Beeden
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, PO Box 1379, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Collier
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- Global Change Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- Global Change Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan P Kelly
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Janice Lough
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Mathieu Mongin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Rachel J Pears
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, PO Box 1379, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Bayden D Russell
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bronte Tilbrook
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Australia
| | - Eva Abal
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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