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Soleimani M, Dashtbozorg B, Mirkhalaf M, Mirkhalaf S. A multiphysics-based artificial neural networks model for atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17902. [PMID: 37483801 PMCID: PMC10362161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a medical condition involving the hardening and/or thickening of arteries' walls. Mathematical multi-physics models have been developed to predict the development of atherosclerosis under different conditions. However, these models are typically computationally expensive. In this study, we used machine learning techniques, particularly artificial neural networks (ANN), to enhance the computational efficiency of these models. A database of multi-physics Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations was created and used for training and validating an ANN model. The model is capable of quick and accurate prediction of atherosclerosis development. A remarkable computational gain is obtained using the ANN model compared to the original FEM simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Soleimani
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - B. Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S.M. Mirkhalaf
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Gongora AE, Snapp KL, Whiting E, Riley P, Reyes KG, Morgan EF, Brown KA. Using simulation to accelerate autonomous experimentation: A case study using mechanics. iScience 2021; 24:102262. [PMID: 33817570 PMCID: PMC8010472 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomous experimentation (AE) accelerates research by combining automation and machine learning to perform experiments intelligently and rapidly in a sequential fashion. While AE systems are most needed to study properties that cannot be predicted analytically or computationally, even imperfect predictions can in principle be useful. Here, we investigate whether imperfect data from simulation can accelerate AE using a case study on the mechanics of additively manufactured structures. Initially, we study resilience, a property that is well-predicted by finite element analysis (FEA), and find that FEA can be used to build a Bayesian prior and experimental data can be integrated using discrepancy modeling to reduce the number of needed experiments ten-fold. Next, we study toughness, a property not well-predicted by FEA and find that FEA can still improve learning by transforming experimental data and guiding experiment selection. These results highlight multiple ways that simulation can improve AE through transfer learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldair E. Gongora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kelsey L. Snapp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily Whiting
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Kristofer G. Reyes
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Elise F. Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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3
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Tough metal-ceramic composites with multifunctional nacre-like architecture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1621. [PMID: 33452425 PMCID: PMC7810751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The brick-and-mortar architecture of biological nacre has inspired the development of synthetic composites with enhanced fracture toughness and multiple functionalities. While the use of metals as the “mortar” phase is an attractive option to maximize fracture toughness of bulk composites, non-mechanical functionalities potentially enabled by the presence of a metal in the structure remain relatively limited and unexplored. Using iron as the mortar phase, we develop and investigate nacre-like composites with high fracture toughness and stiffness combined with unique magnetic, electrical and thermal functionalities. Such metal-ceramic composites are prepared through the sol–gel deposition of iron-based coatings on alumina platelets and the magnetically-driven assembly of the pre-coated platelets into nacre-like architectures, followed by pressure-assisted densification at 1450 °C. With the help of state-of-the-art characterization techniques, we show that this processing route leads to lightweight inorganic structures that display outstanding fracture resistance, show noticeable magnetization and are amenable to fast induction heating. Materials with this set of properties might find use in transport, aerospace and robotic applications that require weight minimization combined with magnetic, electrical or thermal functionalities.
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Mazzotta MG, Putnam AA, North MA, Wilker JJ. Weak Bonds in a Biomimetic Adhesive Enhance Toughness and Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4762-4768. [PMID: 32069400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Mazzotta
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Amelia A. Putnam
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Michael A. North
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Wilker
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2045, United States
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Arola D, Ghods S, Son C, Murcia S, Ossa EA. Interfibril hydrogen bonding improves the strain-rate response of natural armour. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180775. [PMID: 30958147 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish scales are laminated composites that consist of plies of unidirectional collagen fibrils with twisted-plywood stacking arrangement. Owing to their composition, the toughness of scales is dependent on the intermolecular bonding within and between the collagen fibrils. Adjusting the extent of this bonding with an appropriate stimulus has implications for the design of next-generation bioinspired flexible armours. In this investigation, scales were exposed to environments of water or a polar solvent (i.e. ethanol) to influence the extent of intermolecular bonding, and their mechanical behaviour was evaluated in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture. Results showed that the resistance to failure of the scales increased with loading rate in both tension and puncture and that the polar solvent treatment increased both the strength and toughness through interpeptide bonding; the largest increase occurred in the puncture resistance of scales from the tail region (a factor of nearly 7×). The increase in strength and damage tolerance with stronger intermolecular bonding is uncommon for structural materials and is a unique characteristic of the low mineral content. Scales from regions of the body with higher mineral content underwent less strengthening, which is most likely the result of interference posed by the mineral crystals to intermolecular bonding. Overall, the results showed that flexible bioinspired composite materials for puncture resistance should enrol constituents and complementary processing that capitalize on interfibril bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arola
- 1 Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA , USA.,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - S Ghods
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - C Son
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - S Murcia
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - E A Ossa
- 4 School of Engineering, Universidad EAFIT , Medellín , Colombia
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Simonet Roda M, Griesshaber E, Ziegler A, Rupp U, Yin X, Henkel D, Häussermann V, Laudien J, Brand U, Eisenhauer A, Checa AG, Schmahl WW. Calcite fibre formation in modern brachiopod shells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:598. [PMID: 30679565 PMCID: PMC6345923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrous calcite layer of modern brachiopod shells is a hybrid composite material and forms a substantial part of the hard tissue. We investigated how cells of the outer mantle epithelium (OME) secrete calcite material and generate the characteristic fibre morphology and composite microstructure of the shell. We employed AFM, FE-SEM, and TEM imaging of embedded/etched, chemically fixed/decalcified and high-pressure frozen/freeze substituted samples. Calcite fibres are secreted by outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells. Biometric analysis of TEM micrographs indicates that about 50% of these cells are attached via hemidesmosomes to an extracellular organic membrane present at the proximal, convex surface of the fibres. At these sites, mineral secretion is not active. Instead, ion transport from OME cells to developing fibres occurs at regions of closest contact between cells and fibres, however only at sites where the extracellular membrane at the proximal fibre surface is not developed yet. Fibre formation requires the cooperation of several adjacent OME cells. It is a spatially and temporally changing process comprising of detachment of OME cells from the extracellular organic membrane, mineral secretion at detachment sites, termination of secretion with formation of the extracellular organic membrane, and attachment of cells via hemidesmosomes to this membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simonet Roda
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Erika Griesshaber
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Daniela Henkel
- Marine Biogeochemistry/Marine Systems, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vreni Häussermann
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Avda. Brasil, 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
- Huinay Scientific Field Station, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jürgen Laudien
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Uwe Brand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Anton Eisenhauer
- Marine Biogeochemistry/Marine Systems, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang W Schmahl
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
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Porter MM, Ravikumar N, Barthelat F, Martini R. 3D-printing and mechanics of bio-inspired articulated and multi-material structures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 73:114-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Interphase tuning for stronger and tougher composites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26305. [PMID: 27230418 PMCID: PMC4882545 DOI: 10.1038/srep26305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of composite materials that are simultaneously strong and tough is one of the most active topics of current material science. Observations of biological structural materials show that adequate introduction of reinforcements and interfaces, or interphases, at different scales usually improves toughness, without reduction in strength. The prospect of interphase properties tuning may lead to further increases in material toughness. Here we use evaporation-driven self-assembly (EDSA) to deposit a thin network of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on ceramic surfaces, thereby generating an interphase reinforcing layer in a multiscale laminated ceramic composite. Both strength and toughness are improved by up to 90%, while keeping the overall volume fraction of nanotubes in a composite below 0.012%, making it a most effective toughening and reinforcement technique.
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Abba MT, Hunger PM, Kalidindi SR, Wegst UG. Nacre-like hybrid films: Structure, properties, and the effect of relative humidity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 55:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mirkhalaf M, Barthelat F. Nacre-like materials using a simple doctor blading technique: Fabrication, testing and modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 56:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Mathiazhagan S, Anup S. Influence of platelet aspect ratio on the mechanical behaviour of bio-inspired nanocomposites using molecular dynamics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:21-40. [PMID: 26741376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superior mechanical properties of biocomposites such as nacre and bone are attributed to their basic building blocks. These basic building blocks have nanoscale features and play a major role in achieving combined stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Bioinspired nanocomposites based on these basic building blocks, regularly and stairwise staggered arrangements of hard platelets in soft matrix, have huge potential for developing advanced materials. The study of applicability of mechanical principles of biological materials to engineered materials will guide designing advanced materials. To probe the generic mechanical characteristics of these bioinspired nanocomposites, the model material concept in molecular dynamics (MD) is used. In this paper, the effect of platelets aspect ratio (AR) on the mechanical behaviour of bioinspired nanocomposites is investigated. The obtained Young׳s moduli of both the models and the strengths of the regularly staggered models agree with the available theories. However, the strengths of the stairwise staggered models show significant difference. For the stairwise staggered model, we demonstrate the existence of two critical ARs, a smaller critical AR above which platelet fracture occurs and a higher critical AR above which composite strength remains constant. Our MD study also shows the existence of mechanisms of platelet pull-out and breakage for lower and higher ARs. Pullout mechanism acts as a major source of plasticity. Further, we find that the regularly staggered model can achieve an optimal combination of high Young׳s modulus, flow strength and toughness, and the stairwise staggered model is efficient in obtaining high Young׳s modulus and tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mathiazhagan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India.
| | - S Anup
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India.
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Zhao C, Ren L, Liu Q, Liu T. Morphological and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations of the adductor muscle-shell interface in scallop. Microsc Res Tech 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China); Jilin University; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China); Jilin University; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China); Jilin University; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Taoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China); Jilin University; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
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Murcia S, McConville M, Li G, Ossa A, Arola D. Temperature effects on the fracture resistance of scales from Cyprinus carpio. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:154-63. [PMID: 25481741 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation the fracture resistance of scales from Cyprinus carpio was evaluated as a function of environmental temperature. Tear specimens were prepared from scales obtained from three characteristic regions (i.e. head, mid-length and tail) of multiple fish. The fracture resistance was characterized in Mode III loading and over temperatures ranging from -150°C to 21°C. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in tear resistance with decreasing temperature and the lowest resistance to fracture was obtained at -150°C. There was a significant difference in the relative tear toughness between scales from the three locations at ambient conditions (21°C), but not below freezing. Scales obtained near the head exhibited the largest resistance to fracture (energy ≈ 150 ± 25 kJm(-2)) overall. The fracture resistance was found to be primarily dependent on the thickness of the external mineralized layer and the number of external elasmodine plies, indicating that both the anatomical position and the corresponding microstructure are important to the mechanical behavior of elasmoid fish scales. These variables may be exploited in the design of bioinspired armors and should be considered in future studies concerning the mechanical behavior of these interesting natural materials.
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Strain rate hardening: a hidden but critical mechanism for biological composites? Acta Biomater 2014; 10:5064-5073. [PMID: 25174668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials such as nacre, bone, collagen and spider silk boast unusual combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness. Behind this performance is a staggered microstructure, which consists of stiff and elongated inclusions embedded in a softer and more deformable matrix. The micromechanics of deformation and failure associated with this microstructure are now well understood at the "unit cell" level, the smallest representative volume for this type of material. However, these mechanisms only translate to high performance if they propagate throughout large volumes, an important condition which is often overlooked. Here we present, for the first time, a model which captures the conditions for either spreading of deformations or localization, which determines whether a staggered composite is brittle or deformable at the macroscale. The macroscopic failure strain for the material was calculated as function of the viscoplastic properties of the interfaces and the severity of the defect. As expected, larger strains at failure can be achieved when smaller defects are present within the material, or with more strain hardening at the interface. The model also shows that strain rate hardening is a powerful source of large deformations for the material as well, a result we confirmed and validated with tensile experiments on glass-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nacre-like staggered composites. An important implication is that natural materials, largely made of rate-dependent materials, could rely on strain rate hardening to tolerate initial defects and damage to maintain their functionality. Strain rate hardening could also be harnessed and optimized in bio-inspired composites in order to maximize their overall performance.
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López-Esteban S, Bartolomé JF, Dí Az LA, Esteban-Tejeda L, Prado C, López-Piriz R, Torrecillas R, Moya JS. Mechanical performance of a biocompatible biocide soda-lime glass-ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 34:302-12. [PMID: 24667693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible soda-lime glass-ceramic in the SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3-CaO-B2O3 system containing combeite and nepheline as crystalline phases, has been obtained at 750°C by two different routes: (i) pressureless sintering and (ii) Spark Plasma Sintering. The SPS glass-ceramic showed a bending strength, Weibull modulus, and toughness similar values to the cortical human bone. This material had a fatigue limit slightly superior to cortical bone and at least two times higher than commercial dental glass-ceramics and dentine. The in vitro studies indicate that soda-lime glass-ceramic is fully biocompatible. The in vivo studies in beagle jaws showed that implanted SPS rods presented no inflammatory changes in soft tissues surrounding implants in any of the 10 different cases after four months implantation. The radiological analysis indicates no signs of osseointegration lack around implants. Moreover, the biocide activity of SPS glass-ceramic versus Escherichia coli, was found to be >4log indicating that it prevents implant infections. Because of this, the SPS new glass-ceramic is particularly promising for dental applications (inlay, crowns, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- S López-Esteban
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Bartolomé
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Dí Az
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias], Parque Tecnológico de Asturias, 33428 Llanera, Spain
| | - L Esteban-Tejeda
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Prado
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias], Parque Tecnológico de Asturias, 33428 Llanera, Spain
| | - R López-Piriz
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias], Parque Tecnológico de Asturias, 33428 Llanera, Spain
| | - R Torrecillas
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias], Parque Tecnológico de Asturias, 33428 Llanera, Spain; Moscow State University of Technology STANKIN, Vadkovskij per. 1, Moscow Oblast, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - J S Moya
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Overcoming the brittleness of glass through bio-inspiration and micro-architecture. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3166. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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19
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Ball P. Material witness: Making space for shape. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:1087. [PMID: 24257134 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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