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Imoto D, Saito N, Nakajima A, Honda G, Ishida M, Sugita T, Ishihara S, Katagiri K, Okimura C, Iwadate Y, Sawai S. Comparative mapping of crawling-cell morphodynamics in deep learning-based feature space. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009237. [PMID: 34383753 PMCID: PMC8360578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation of fast migrating cells such as amoeba Dictyostelium and immune cells are tightly associated with their morphologies that range from steady polarized forms that support high directionality to those more complex and variable when making frequent turns. Model simulations are essential for quantitative understanding of these features and their origins, however systematic comparisons with real data are underdeveloped. Here, by employing deep-learning-based feature extraction combined with phase-field modeling framework, we show that a low dimensional feature space for 2D migrating cell morphologies obtained from the shape stereotype of keratocytes, Dictyostelium and neutrophils can be fully mapped by an interlinked signaling network of cell-polarization and protrusion dynamics. Our analysis links the data-driven shape analysis to the underlying causalities by identifying key parameters critical for migratory morphologies both normal and aberrant under genetic and pharmacological perturbations. The results underscore the importance of deciphering self-organizing states and their interplay when characterizing morphological phenotypes. Migratory cells that move by crawling do so by extending and retracting their plasma membrane. When and where these events take place determine the cell shape, and this is directly linked to the movement patterns. Understanding how the highly plastic and interconvertible morphologies appear from their underlying dynamics remains a challenge partly because their inherent complexity makes quantitatively comparison against the outputs of mathematical models difficult. To this end, we employed machine-learning based classification to extract features that characterize the basic migrating morphologies. The obtained features were then used to compare real cell data with outputs of a conceptual model that we introduced which describes coupling via feedback between local protrusive dynamics and polarity. The feature mapping showed that the model successfully recapitulates the shape dynamics that were not covered by previous related models and also hints at the critical parameters underlying state transitions. The ability of the present approach to compare model outputs with real cell data systematically and objectively is important as it allows outputs of future mathematical models to be quantitatively tested in an accessible and common reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Imoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nen Saito
- Universal Biological Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakajima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Honda
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ishida
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoko Sugita
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koko Katagiri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Chika Okimura
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sawai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Universal Biological Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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2
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Hahn S, Song S, Yang GS, Kang J, Lee KT, Sung J. Super-Gaussian, superdiffusive transport of multimode active matter. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042612. [PMID: 33212710 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Living matter often exhibits multimode transport that switches between an active, self-propelled motion and a seemingly passive, random motion. Here, we investigate an exactly solvable model of multimode active matter, such as living cells and motor proteins, which alternatingly undergoes active and passive motion. Our model study shows that the reversible transition between a passive mode and an active mode causes super-Gaussian transport dynamics, observed in various experiments. We find the non-Gaussian character of the matter's displacement distribution is essentially determined by the population ratio between active and passive motion. Interestingly, under a certain population ratio of the active and passive modes, the displacement distribution changes from sub-Gaussian to super-Gaussian as time increases. The mean-square displacement of our model exhibits transient superdiffusive dynamics, yet recovers diffusive behavior at both the short- and long-time limits. We finally generalize our model to encompass complex, multimode active matter in an arbitrary spatial dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Hahn
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sanggeun Song
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,National Institute of Innovative Functional Imaging, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Gil-Suk Yang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,National Institute of Innovative Functional Imaging, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jingyu Kang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,National Institute of Innovative Functional Imaging, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kang Taek Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Sung
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,National Institute of Innovative Functional Imaging, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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Abstract
For over a century, the centrosome has been an organelle more easily tracked than understood, and the study of its peregrinations within the cell remains a chief underpinning of its functional investigation. Increasing attention and new approaches have been brought to bear on mechanisms that control centrosome localization in the context of cleavage plane determination, ciliogenesis, directional migration, and immunological synapse formation, among other cellular and developmental processes. The Golgi complex, often linked with the centrosome, presents a contrasting case of a pleiomorphic organelle for which functional studies advanced somewhat more rapidly than positional tracking. However, Golgi orientation and distribution has emerged as an area of considerable interest with respect to polarized cellular function. This chapter will review our current understanding of the mechanism and significance of the positioning of these organelles.
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4
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Yang J, Tian H, Huang X. Tephrosin attenuates sepsis induced acute lung injury in rats by impeding expression of ICAM-1 and MIP-2. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:93-99. [PMID: 29432911 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a devastating form of respiratory infections, is characterized by increased edema, release of cytokines, weakened arterial oxygenation and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes. The objective of the research envisaged was to reveal protective effects of tephrosin (TP) in ALI. In the present investigation, sepsis was triggered in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and TP was administered intraperitonially. Five groups - Group A (control), Group B (Sham group) Group C (infected and untreated), and Group D and E (infected and treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg TP respectively) - of ten rats each, were used for the investigation. Evaluation parameters included measurement of arterial oxygenation, lung water content, protein determination, cytokine determination, neutrophil and lymphocyte count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). As indicated by histopathological examination, the lung injury score was maximum in group C, but indicated reduction in group D and E. Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) are known to be important mediators responsible for ALI. Reduction in the ICAM-1 and MIP-2 expression was found to reduce after treatment with TP. In comparison to group D, group E reflected higher magnitude of ICAM-1 and MIP-2 suppression due to administration of higher TP dose. Compared to Group A and B, Group E indicated slightly higher expression of ICAM-1 and MIP-2. The research envisaged thus supports that TP attenuates ICAM-1 and MIP-2 expression in sepsis induced ALI rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Yang
- Emergency Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Helan Tian
- Emergency Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Xiaomo Huang
- Emergency Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China.
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5
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Ryan GL, Holz D, Yamashiro S, Taniguchi D, Watanabe N, Vavylonis D. Cell protrusion and retraction driven by fluctuations in actin polymerization: A two-dimensional model. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:490-503. [PMID: 28752950 PMCID: PMC5725282 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal cells that spread onto a surface often rely on actin-rich lamellipodial extensions to execute protrusion. Many cell types recently adhered on a two-dimensional substrate exhibit protrusion and retraction of their lamellipodia, even though the cell is not translating. Travelling waves of protrusion have also been observed, similar to those observed in crawling cells. These regular patterns of protrusion and retraction allow quantitative analysis for comparison to mathematical models. The periodic fluctuations in leading edge position of XTC cells have been linked to excitable actin dynamics using a one-dimensional model of actin dynamics, as a function of arc-length along the cell. In this work we extend this earlier model of actin dynamics into two dimensions (along the arc-length and radial directions of the cell) and include a model membrane that protrudes and retracts in response to the changing number of free barbed ends of actin filaments near the membrane. We show that if the polymerization rate at the barbed ends changes in response to changes in their local concentration at the leading edge and/or the opposing force from the cell membrane, the model can reproduce the patterns of membrane protrusion and retraction seen in experiment. We investigate both Brownian ratchet and switch-like force-velocity relationships between the membrane load forces and actin polymerization rate. The switch-like polymerization dynamics recover the observed patterns of protrusion and retraction as well as the fluctuations in F-actin concentration profiles. The model generates predictions for the behavior of cells after local membrane tension perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L. Ryan
- Department of Physics, Kettering University, 1700 University Avenue, Flint MI 48504, United States
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem PA 18105, United States
| | - Danielle Holz
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem PA 18105, United States
| | - Sawako Yamashiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dimitrios Vavylonis
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem PA 18105, United States
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6
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Camley BA, Zhao Y, Li B, Levine H, Rappel WJ. Crawling and turning in a minimal reaction-diffusion cell motility model: Coupling cell shape and biochemistry. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:012401. [PMID: 28208438 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.012401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study a minimal model of a crawling eukaryotic cell with a chemical polarity controlled by a reaction-diffusion mechanism describing Rho GTPase dynamics. The size, shape, and speed of the cell emerge from the combination of the chemical polarity, which controls the locations where actin polymerization occurs, and the physical properties of the cell, including its membrane tension. We find in our model both highly persistent trajectories, in which the cell crawls in a straight line, and turning trajectories, where the cell transitions from crawling in a line to crawling in a circle. We discuss the controlling variables for this turning instability and argue that turning arises from a coupling between the reaction-diffusion mechanism and the shape of the cell. This emphasizes the surprising features that can arise from simple links between cell mechanics and biochemistry. Our results suggest that similar instabilities may be present in a broad class of biochemical descriptions of cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Camley
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mathematics and Graduate Program in Quantitative Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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7
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Liu X, Asokan SB, Bear JE, Haugh JM. Quantitative analysis of B-lymphocyte migration directed by CXCL13. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:894-903. [PMID: 27477203 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
B-lymphocyte migration, directed by chemokine gradients, is essential for homing to sites of antigen presentation. B cells move rapidly, exhibiting amoeboid morphology like other leukocytes, yet quantitative studies addressing B-cell migration are currently lacking relative to neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells. Here, we used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to characterize the changes in shape (morphodynamics) of primary, murine B cells as they migrated on surfaces with adsorbed chemokine, CXCL13, and the adhesive ligand, ICAM-1. B cells exhibited frequent, spontaneous dilation and shrinking events at the sides of the leading membrane edge, a phenomenon that was predictive of turning versus directional persistence. To characterize directed B-cell migration, a microfluidic device was implemented to generate gradients of adsorbed CXCL13 gradients. Haptotaxis assays revealed a modest yet consistently positive bias of the cell's persistent random walk behavior towards CXCL13 gradients. Quantification of tactic fidelity showed that bias is optimized by steeper gradients without excessive midpoint density of adsorbed chemokine. Under these conditions, B-cell migration is more persistent when the direction of migration is better aligned with the gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaji Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
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8
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Gordonov S, Hwang MK, Wells A, Gertler FB, Lauffenburger DA, Bathe M. Time series modeling of live-cell shape dynamics for image-based phenotypic profiling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:73-90. [PMID: 26658688 PMCID: PMC5058786 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging can be used to capture spatio-temporal aspects of cellular responses that are not accessible to fixed-cell imaging. As the use of live-cell imaging continues to increase, new computational procedures are needed to characterize and classify the temporal dynamics of individual cells. For this purpose, here we present the general experimental-computational framework SAPHIRE (Stochastic Annotation of Phenotypic Individual-cell Responses) to characterize phenotypic cellular responses from time series imaging datasets. Hidden Markov modeling is used to infer and annotate morphological state and state-switching properties from image-derived cell shape measurements. Time series modeling is performed on each cell individually, making the approach broadly useful for analyzing asynchronous cell populations. Two-color fluorescent cells simultaneously expressing actin and nuclear reporters enabled us to profile temporal changes in cell shape following pharmacological inhibition of cytoskeleton-regulatory signaling pathways. Results are compared with existing approaches conventionally applied to fixed-cell imaging datasets, and indicate that time series modeling captures heterogeneous dynamic cellular responses that can improve drug classification and offer additional important insight into mechanisms of drug action. The software is available at http://saphire-hcs.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gordonov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mun Kyung Hwang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank B. Gertler
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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