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Tang Y, Chen S, Bowick MJ, Bi D. Cell Division and Motility Enable Hexatic Order in Biological Tissues. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:218402. [PMID: 38856284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.218402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Biological tissues transform between solid- and liquidlike states in many fundamental physiological events. Recent experimental observations further suggest that in two-dimensional epithelial tissues these solid-liquid transformations can happen via intermediate states akin to the intermediate hexatic phases observed in equilibrium two-dimensional melting. The hexatic phase is characterized by quasi-long-range (power-law) orientational order but no translational order, thus endowing some structure to an otherwise structureless fluid. While it has been shown that hexatic order in tissue models can be induced by motility and thermal fluctuations, the role of cell division and apoptosis (birth and death) has remained poorly understood, despite its fundamental biological role. Here we study the effect of cell division and apoptosis on global hexatic order within the framework of the self-propelled Voronoi model of tissue. Although cell division naively destroys order and active motility facilitates deformations, we show that their combined action drives a liquid-hexatic-liquid transformation as the motility increases. The hexatic phase is accessed by the delicate balance of dislocation defect generation from cell division and the active binding of disclination-antidisclination pairs from motility. We formulate a mean-field model to elucidate this competition between cell division and motility and the consequent development of hexatic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Tang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Mark J Bowick
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Jerka D, Bonowicz K, Piekarska K, Gokyer S, Derici US, Hindy OA, Altunay BB, Yazgan I, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Yilgor P, Gagat M. Unraveling Endothelial Cell Migration: Insights into Fundamental Forces, Inflammation, Biomaterial Applications, and Tissue Regeneration Strategies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2054-2069. [PMID: 38520346 PMCID: PMC11022177 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is vital for many fundamental biological processes and human pathologies throughout our life. Dynamic molecular changes in the tissue microenvironment determine modifications of cell movement, which can be reflected either individually or collectively. Endothelial cell (EC) migratory adaptation occurs during several events and phenomena, such as endothelial injury, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis, under both normal and highly inflammatory conditions. Several advantageous processes can be supported by biomaterials. Endothelial cells are used in combination with various types of biomaterials to design scaffolds promoting the formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures. Appropriate selection, in terms of scaffolding properties, can promote desirable cell behavior to varying degrees. An increasing amount of research could lead to the creation of the perfect biomaterial for regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge regarding the possible systems by which inflammation may influence endothelial cell migration. We also describe the fundamental forces governing cell motility with a specific focus on ECs. Additionally, we discuss the biomaterials used for EC culture, which serve to enhance the proliferative, proangiogenic, and promigratory potential of cells. Moreover, we introduce the mechanisms of cell movement and highlight the significance of understanding these mechanisms in the context of designing scaffolds that promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Jerka
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty
of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian
Academy in Płock, 09-402 Płock, Poland
| | - Klaudia Piekarska
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Seyda Gokyer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Utku Serhat Derici
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Osama Ali Hindy
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Baris Burak Altunay
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Işıl Yazgan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department
of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department
of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pinar Yilgor
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty
of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian
Academy in Płock, 09-402 Płock, Poland
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Du R, Li D, Zhu M, Zheng L, Ren K, Han D, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Cell senescence alters responses of porcine trabecular meshwork cells to shear stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083130. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironment and cellular senescence of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) are suspected to play a vital role in primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis. However, central questions remain about the effect of shear stress on TMCs and how aging affects this process. We have investigated the effect of shear stress on the biomechanical properties and extracellular matrix regulation of normal and senescent TMCs. We found a more significant promotion of Fctin formation, a more obvious realignment of F-actin fibers, and a more remarkable increase in the stiffness of normal cells in response to the shear stress, in comparison with that of senescent cells. Further, as compared to normal cells, senescent cells show a reduced extracellular matrix turnover after shear stress stimulation, which might be attributed to the different phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our results suggest that TMCs are able to sense and respond to the shear stress and cellular senescence undermines the mechanobiological response, which may lead to progressive failure of cellular TM function with age.
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Zhang DQ, Li ZY, Li B. Self-rotation regulates interface evolution in biphasic active matter through taming defect dynamics. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064607. [PMID: 35854599 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality can endow nonequilibrium active matter with unique features and functions. Here, we explore the chiral dynamics in biphasic active nematics composed of self-rotating units that continuously inject energy and angular momentum at the microscale. We show that the self-rotation of units can regularize the boundaries between two phases, rendering sinusoidal-like interfaces, which allow lateral wave propagation and are characterized by chains of ordered antiferromagnetic cross-interface flow vortices. Through the spontaneous coordination of counter-rotating units across the interfaces, topological defects excited by activity are sorted spatiotemporally, where positive defects are locally trapped at the interfaces but, unexpectedly, are transported laterally in a unidirectional rather than wavy mode, whereas inertial negative defects remain spinning in the bulks. Our findings reveal that individual chirality could be harnessed to modulate interfacial morphodynamics in active systems and suggest a potential approach toward controlling topological defects for programmable microfluidics and logic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qing Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Fang C, Yao J, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Active chemo-mechanical feedbacks dictate the collective migration of cells on patterned surfaces. Biophys J 2022; 121:1266-1275. [PMID: 35183521 PMCID: PMC9034249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that, when cultured on micro-patterned surfaces, living cells can move in a coordinated manner and form distinct migration patterns, including flowing chain, suspended propagating bridge, rotating vortex, etc. However, the fundamental question of exactly how and why cells migrate in these fashions remains elusive. Here, we present a theoretical investigation to show that the tight interplay between internal cellular activities, such as chemo-mechanical feedbacks and polarization, and external geometrical constraints are behind these intriguing experimental observations. In particular, on narrow strip patterns, strongly force-dependent cellular contractility and intercellular adhesion were found to be critical for reinforcing the leading edge of the migrating cell monolayer and eventually result in the formation of suspended cell bridges flying over nonadhesive regions. On the other hand, a weak force-contractility feedback led to the movement of cells like a flowing chain along the adhesive strip. Finally, we also showed that the random polarity forces generated in migrating cells are responsible for driving them into rotating vortices on strips with width above a threshold value (~10 times the size of the cell).
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Shigeta K, Fukuyama T, Takahashi R, Beppu K, Tanaka A, Maeda YT. Collective motion of epithelial cells along a wrinkled 3D-buckled hydrogel. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20174-20181. [PMID: 35919621 PMCID: PMC9274378 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells migrate autonomously by aligning and inducing a collective motion. Controlling the collective motion of epithelial cells in geometrically confined environments is important for understanding physiological processes such as wound healing and self-organized morphogenesis. However, collective migration under a three-dimensional (3D) curved surface resembling living epithelial tissue has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the collective motion of a 3D-buckled polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel that mimics the shape of folds and wrinkles of epithelial tissue to understand the geometric effects of collective motion. We found that the velocity correlation in the space near the hydrogel boundary showed a periodic change that correlated with the wrinkled folding of the hydrogel pattern. Furthermore, the characteristic length of the velocity correlation increased proportionally with the wavelength of wrinkled folding. These observations indicated that the hydrogel pattern could steer the collective motion of epithelial cells over long distances. Our study also suggests that the wrinkled design of the hydrogel is a versatile platform for studying the geometric effect of a curved surface on complex epithelial cell dynamics. Collective motion of epithelial cell monolayer was studied on a 3D-buckled hydrogel mimicking a wrinkled epithelial surface. Emergent spatial correlation in velocity was found near the wrinkled gel boundary.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shigeta
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Riku Takahashi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kazusa Beppu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aya Tanaka
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke T. Maeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kiran A, Kumar N, Mehandia V. Distinct Modes of Tissue Expansion in Free Versus Earlier-Confined Boundaries for More Physiological Modeling of Wound Healing, Cancer Metastasis, and Tissue Formation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11209-11222. [PMID: 34056276 PMCID: PMC8153934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is often seen in many biological processes like embryogenesis, cancer metastasis, and wound healing. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical research, the unified mechanism responsible for collective cell migration is not well known. Most of the studies have investigated artificial model wound to study the collective cell migration in an epithelial monolayer. These artificial model wounds possess a high cell number density compared to the physiological scenarios like wound healing (cell damage due to applied cut) and cancer metastasis (smaller cell clusters). Therefore, both systems may not completely relate to each other, and further investigation is needed to understand the collective cell migration in physiological scenarios. In an effort to fill this existing knowledge gap, we investigated the freely expanding monolayer that closely represented the physiological scenarios and compared it with the artificially created model wound. In the present work, we report the effect of initial boundary conditions (free and confined) on the collective cell migration of the epithelial cell monolayer. The expansion and migration aspects of the freely expanding and earlier-confined monolayer were investigated at the tissue and cellular levels. The freely expanding monolayer showed significantly higher expansion and lower migration in comparison to the earlier-confined monolayer. The expansion and migration rate of the monolayer exhibited a strong negative correlation. The study highlights the importance of initial boundary conditions in the collective cell migration of the expanding tissue and provides useful insights that might be helpful in the future to tune the collective cell migration in wound healing, cancer metastasis, and tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Kiran
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Vishwajeet Mehandia
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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Buttenschön A, Edelstein-Keshet L. Bridging from single to collective cell migration: A review of models and links to experiments. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008411. [PMID: 33301528 PMCID: PMC7728230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical and computational models can assist in gaining an understanding of cell behavior at many levels of organization. Here, we review models in the literature that focus on eukaryotic cell motility at 3 size scales: intracellular signaling that regulates cell shape and movement, single cell motility, and collective cell behavior from a few cells to tissues. We survey recent literature to summarize distinct computational methods (phase-field, polygonal, Cellular Potts, and spherical cells). We discuss models that bridge between levels of organization, and describe levels of detail, both biochemical and geometric, included in the models. We also highlight links between models and experiments. We find that models that span the 3 levels are still in the minority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buttenschön
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Lin SZ, Li Y, Ji J, Li B, Feng XQ. Collective dynamics of coherent motile cells on curved surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2941-2952. [PMID: 32108851 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular dynamic behaviors in organ morphogenesis and embryogenesis are affected by geometrical constraints. In this paper, we investigate how the surface topology and curvature of the underlying substrate tailor collective cell migration. An active vertex model is developed to explore the collective dynamics of coherent cells crawling on curved surfaces. We show that cells can self-organize into rich dynamic patterns including local swirling, global rotation, spiral crawling, serpentine crawling, and directed migration, depending on the interplay between cell-cell interactions and geometric constraints. Increasing substrate curvature results in higher cell-cell bending energy and thus tends to suppress local swirling and enhance density fluctuations. Substrate topology is revealed to regulate both the collective migration modes and density fluctuations of cell populations. In addition, upon increasing noise intensity, a Kosterlitz-Thouless-like ordering transition can emerge on both undevelopable and developable surfaces. This study paves the way to investigate various in vivo morphomechanics that involve surface curvature and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zhen Lin
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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