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Alotaibi FS, Alsadun MMR, Alsaiari SA, Ramakrishnan K, Yates EA, Fernig DG. Interactions of proteins with heparan sulfate. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230093. [PMID: 38646914 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycosaminoglycan, polysaccharides that are considered to have arisen in the last common unicellular ancestor of multicellular animals. In this light, the large interactome of HS and its myriad functions in relation to the regulation of cell communication are not surprising. The binding of proteins to HS determines their localisation and diffusion, essential for embryonic development and homeostasis. Following the biosynthesis of the initial heparosan polymer, the subsequent modifications comprise an established canonical pathway and a minor pathway. The more frequent former starts with N-deacetylation and N-sulfation of GlcNAc residues, the latter with C-5 epimerisation of a GlcA residue adjacent to a GlcNAc. The binding of proteins to HS is driven by ionic interactions. The multivalent effect arising from the many individual ionic bonds between a single protein and a polysaccharide chain results in a far stronger interaction than would be expected from an ion-exchange process. In many instances, upon binding, both parties undergo substantial conformational change, the resulting hydrogen and van der Waal bonds contributing significant free energy to the binding reaction. Nevertheless, ionic bonds dominate the protein-polysaccharide interaction kinetically. Together with the multivalent effect, this provides an explanation for the observed trapping of HS-binding proteins in extracellular matrix. Importantly, individual ionic bonds have been observed to be dynamic; breaking and reforming, while the protein remains bound to the polysaccharide. These considerations lead to a model for 1D diffusion of proteins in extracellular matrix on HS, involving mechanisms such as sliding, chain switching and rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah S Alotaibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Marim M R Alsadun
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Alsaiari
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krithika Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Systems and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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2
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Sun C, Bai M, Jia Y, Tian X, Guo Y, Xu X, Guo Z. mRNA sequencing reveals the distinct gene expression and biological functions in cardiac fibroblasts regulated by recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15736. [PMID: 37483983 PMCID: PMC10362857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components for myocardial repair, but also promote myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein drug with low molecular weight can promote cell survival and angiogenesis, and it was found that FGF2 could inhibit the activation of CFs, suggesting FGF2 has great potential in myocardial repair. However, the regulatory role of FGF2 on CFs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that recombinant FGF2 significantly suppressed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CFs. Through RNA sequencing, we analyzed mRNA expression in CFs and the differently expressed genes regulated by FGF2, including 430 up-regulated genes and 391 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were strongly enriched in multiple biological functions, including ECM organization, cell adhesion, actin filament organization and axon guidance. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) show that ECM organization and actin filament organization are down-regulated, while axon guidance is up-regulated. Further cellular experiments indicate that the regulatory functions of FGF2 are consistent with the findings of the gene enrichment analysis. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of FGF2 in treating cardiac fibrosis and establishes a foundation for further research to uncover the underlying mechanisms of CFs gene expression regulated by FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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3
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Zhao XX, Xie WQ, Xiao WF, Li HZ, Naranmandakh S, Bruyere O, Reginster JY, Li YS. Perlecan: Roles in osteoarthritis and potential treating target. Life Sci 2022; 312:121190. [PMID: 36379311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting hundreds of millions of people globally, which leads to a high cost of treatment and further medical care and an apparent decrease in patient prognosis. The recent view of OA pathogenesis is that increased vascularity, bone remodeling, and disordered turnover are influenced by multivariate risk factors, such as age, obesity, and overloading. The view also reveals the gap between the development of these processes and early stage risk factors. This review presents the latest research on OA-related signaling pathways and analyzes the potential roles of perlecan, a typical component of the well-known protective structure against osteoarthritic pericellular matrix (PCM). Based on the experimental results observed in end-stage OA models, we summarized and analyzed the role of perlecan in the development of OA. In normal cartilage, it plays a protective role by maintaining the integrin of PCM and sequesters growth factors. Second, perlecan in cartilage is required to not only activate vascular epithelium growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling of endothelial cells for vascular invasion and catabolic autophagy, but also for different signaling pathways for the catabolic and anabolic actions of chondrocytes. Finally, perlecan may participate in pain sensitization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Zhao
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Heng-Zhen Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Sukhbaatar district, 14201 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Xu W, Zhu J, Hu J, Xiao L. Engineering the biomechanical microenvironment of chondrocytes towards articular cartilage tissue engineering. Life Sci 2022; 309:121043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Parafioriti M, Ni M, Petitou M, Mycroft-West CJ, Rudd TR, Gandhi NS, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Bisio A, Guerrini M, Elli S. Evidence for Multiple Binding Modes in the Initial Contact Between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein and Cell Surface Glycans. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202202599. [PMID: 36134621 PMCID: PMC9537976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 begins with recognition by the virus S (spike) protein of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS), tethering the virus to the extracellular matrix environment, and causing the subunit S1-RBD to undergo a conformational change into the 'open' conformation. These two events promote the binding of S1-RBD to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a preliminary step toward viral-cell membrane fusion. Combining ligand-based NMR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics, oligosaccharide analogues were used to explore the interactions between S1-RBD of SARS CoV-2 and HS, revealing several low-specificity binding modes and previously unidentified potential sites for the binding of extended HS polysaccharide chains. The evidence for multiple binding modes also suggest that highly specific inhibitors will not be optimal against protein S but, rather, diverse HS-based structures, characterized by high affinity and including multi-valent compounds, may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Parafioriti
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'NMR and carbohydratesvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Minghong Ni
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'Organic Chemistryvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Maurice Petitou
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G Ronzoni'Organic chemistryvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | | | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlAnalytical and Biological Sciences DivisionPotters Bar, Hertfordshire, United KingdomPotters Bar, HertfordshireUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- Queensland University of Technology Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationSchool of Chemistry and Physics2 George StBrisbaneAUSTRALIA
| | - Vito Ferro
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesBrisbaneAUSTRALIA
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyCrown StreetL69 7ZBLiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Keele University School of Life SciencesCentre for GlycoscienceHuxley Building 203ST5 5BGNewcastle-Under-LymeUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Keele University School of Life SciencesCentre for GlycoscienceHuxley Building 174ST5 5BGNewcastle-Under-LymeUNITED KINGDOM
| | - David G. Fernig
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyCrown StreetL69 7BELiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyCrown StreetL69 7ZBLiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'Biochemistry and molecular biologyvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'NMR and Carbohydratevia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di ricerche chimiche e biochimiche G Ronzoni (Milano)NMR and Carbohydratesvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
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6
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Sun C, Tian X, Jia Y, Yang M, Li Y, Fernig DG. Functions of exogenous FGF signals in regulation of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix protein expression. Open Biol 2022; 12:210356. [PMID: 36102060 PMCID: PMC9471990 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are widely distributed cells found in most tissues and upon tissue injury, they are able to differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Overexpression and unordered organization of ECM proteins cause tissue fibrosis in damaged tissue. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family proteins are well known to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair, but their activities in fibroblast differentiation and fibrosis have not been systematically reviewed. Here we summarize the effects of FGFs in fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and ECM protein expression and discuss the underlying potential regulatory mechanisms, to provide a basis for the clinical application of recombinant FGF protein drugs in treatment of tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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7
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Lima MA, Rudd TR, Fernig DG, Yates EA. Phosphorylation and sulfation share a common biosynthetic pathway, but extend biochemical and evolutionary diversity of biological macromolecules in distinct ways. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, INTERFACE 2022; 19:20220391. [PMID: 35919982 PMCID: PMC9346353 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate and sulfate groups are integral to energy metabolism and introduce negative charges into biological macromolecules. One purpose of such modifications is to elicit precise binding/activation of protein partners. The physico-chemical properties of the two groups, while superficially similar, differ in one important respect—the valency of the central (phosphorus or sulfur) atom. This dictates the distinct properties of their respective esters, di-esters and hence their charges, interactions with metal ions and their solubility. These, in turn, determine the contrasting roles for which each group has evolved in biological systems. Biosynthetic links exist between the two modifications; the sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate being formed from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine phosphosulfate, while the latter is generated from sulfate anions and ATP. Furthermore, phosphorylation, by a xylosyl kinase (Fam20B, glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase) of the xylose residue of the tetrasaccharide linker region that connects nascent glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains to their parent proteoglycans, substantially accelerates their biosynthesis. Following observations that GAG chains can enter the cell nucleus, it is hypothesized that sulfated GAGs could influence events in the nucleus, which would complete a feedback loop uniting the complementary anionic modifications of phosphorylation and sulfation through complex, inter-connected signalling networks and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - T R Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Science Department, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - D G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - E A Yates
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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8
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Alizadeh AA, Jafari B, Dastmalchi S. Application of bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches for identification of fibroblast growth factor 10 analogues with potentially improved thermostability. Growth Factors 2020; 38:197-209. [PMID: 34121575 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 functions as a paracrine mesenchymal molecule to initiate signalling pathways regarding to cellular development and health. However, the low thermal stability restricts it's functionality in the human body and the shelf-life of FGF10-based formulations. The current study aimed to employ rational design and bioinformatics approaches to identify some point mutations which may improve the thermal stability of FGF10. Bioinformatics analyses resulted in N105D, C106F, K144R, K153M and I156R as the potential stability conferring mutations. The identified mutants were subjected to MD simulation indicating that all mutations are both structurally and energetically favoured. Finally, the effects of the identified mutations on receptor binding of FGF10 were predicted and the results showed that K144R and K153M mutations may increase the binding affinity relative to the wild type. The findings of the current study propose potentially improved FGF10 analogues for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Jafari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
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9
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Kuo PH, Teng YH, Cin AL, Han W, Huang PW, Wang LHC, Chou YT, Yang JL, Tseng YL, Kao M, Chang MDT. Heparan sulfate targeting strategy for enhancing liposomal drug accumulation and facilitating deep distribution in tumors. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:542-555. [PMID: 32241176 PMCID: PMC7170378 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1745326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), such as liposomes, effectively evade the severe toxicity of unexpected accumulation and passively shuttle drugs into tumor tissues by enhanced permeability and retention. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the aggregation of a gel-like extracellular matrix that forms a physical barrier in the desmoplastic stroma of the tumor. These stroma are composed of protein networks and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that greatly compromise tumor-penetrating performance, leading to insufficient extravasation and tissue penetration of NPs. Moreover, the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and related proteoglycans on the cell surface and tumor extracellular matrix may serve as molecular targets for NP-mediated drug delivery. Here, a GAG-binding peptide (GBP) with high affinity for HS and high cell-penetrating activity was used to develop an HS-targeting delivery system. Specifically, liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) was modified by post-insertion with the GBP. We show that the in vitro uptake of L-DOX in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells increased by GBP modification. Cellular uptake of GBP-modified L-DOX (L-DOX-GBP) was diminished in the presence of extracellular HS but not in the presence of other GAGs, indicating that the interaction with HS is critical for the cell surface binding of L-DOX-GBP. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin positively correlated with the molecular composition of GBP. Moreover, GBP modification improved the in vivo distribution and anticancer efficiency of L-DOX, with enhanced desmoplastic targeting and extensive distribution. Taken together, GBP modification may greatly improve the tissue distribution and delivery efficiency of NPs against HS-abundant desmoplastic stroma-associated neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsueh Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Teng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lun Cin
- Operations Center for Industry Collaboration, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Minhsiung Kao
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Kokai LE, Sivak WN, Schilling BK, Karunamurthy A, Egro FM, Schusterman MA, Minteer DM, Simon P, D’Amico RA, Rubin JP. Clinical Evaluation of an Off-the-Shelf Allogeneic Adipose Matrix for Soft Tissue Reconstruction. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2574. [PMID: 32095393 PMCID: PMC7015604 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from human adipose extracellular matrix have shown promise in vitro and in animal studies as an off-the-shelf adipogenic matrix for sustained volume replacement. Herein, we report the results of a randomized prospective study conducted with allograft adipose matrix (AAM) grafted into the pannus of presurgical abdominoplasty patients 3 or 6 months before scheduled surgery. This is the first report of a longitudinal histologic analysis of AAM in clinical use. METHODS Ten healthy patients undergoing elective abdominoplasty were recruited to receive AAM before surgery. Enrolled subjects were randomized into either a 3-month follow-up cohort or a 6-month follow-up cohort. Subjects were monitored for adverse events associated with AAM grafting in addition to undergoing serial biopsy. Following surgical excision of the pannus, representative samples from the AAM surgical sites were stained and evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin for tissue morphology, Masson's trichrome for collagen, and perilipin for adipocytes. RESULTS All subjects tolerated AAM with no severe adverse events reported. At 3 months following implantation, AAM remained visible within the confines of the subjects' native surrounding adipose tissue with sparse adipocytes apparent within the matrix. By 6 months, AAM had remodeled and was primarily composed of perilipin-positive adipocytes. Histologic analysis confirmed tissue remodeling (hematoxylin and eosin), adipogenesis (perilipin), and angiogenesis (Masson's trichrome) occurred with the presence of AAM. CONCLUSIONS AAM is a safe, allogeneic, off-the-shelf regenerative matrix that is adipogenic and noninflammatory and promotes angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Kokai
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Wesley N. Sivak
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Benjamin K. Schilling
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Francesco M. Egro
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - M. Asher Schusterman
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Danielle M. Minteer
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Patsy Simon
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Richard A. D’Amico
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - J. Peter Rubin
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
- Division of Molecular & Genomic Pathology, Pittsburgh, Pa
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11
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Sun C, Liu M, Sun P, Yang M, Yates EA, Guo Z, Fernig DG. Sulfated polysaccharides interact with fibroblast growth factors and protect from denaturation. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1477-1487. [PMID: 31271519 PMCID: PMC6668377 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate embryonic development and homeostasis, including tissue and organ repair and specific aspects of metabolism. The basic FGF and acidic FGF, now known as FGF2 and FGF1, are widely used protein drugs for tissue repair. However, they are susceptible to denaturation at ambient temperatures and during long-time storage, which will reduce their biological activity. The interaction of FGFs with the sulfated domains of heparan sulfate and heparin is essential for their cellular signaling and stability. Therefore, we analyzed the interactions of FGF1 and FGF2 with four sulfated polysaccharides: heparin, dextran sulfate (DXS), λ-carrageenan, and chondroitin sulfate. The results of thermal stability and cell proliferation assays demonstrate that heparin, DXS, and λ-carrageenan bound to both FGFs and protected them from denaturation. Our results suggest heparin, DXS, and λ-carrageenan are potential formulation materials that bind and stabilize FGFs, and which may also potentiate their activity and control their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Mengxin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Panwen Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineAffiliated Zhongda HospitalSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolUK
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolUK
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12
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Nurcombe V, Ling L, Hondermarck H, Cool SM, Smith RAA. Bringing Heparan Sulfate Glycomics Together with Proteomics for the Design of Novel Therapeutics: A Historical Perspective. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800466. [PMID: 31197945 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of how peptides bind saccharides, and of how saccharides bind peptides, is starting to revolutionize understanding of cell-extracellular matrix relationships. Here, a historical perspective is taken of the relationship between heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and how they interact with peptide growth factors in order to both drive and modulate signaling through the appropriate cognate receptors. Such knowledge is guiding the preparation of targeted sugar mimetics that will impact the treatment of many different kinds of diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University-Imperial College London, 636921, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore
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13
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Prince LS. FGF10 and Human Lung Disease Across the Life Spectrum. Front Genet 2018; 9:517. [PMID: 30429870 PMCID: PMC6220039 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases impact patients across the lifespan, from infants in the first minutes of life through the aged population. Congenital abnormalities of lung structure can cause lung disease at birth or make adults more susceptible to chronic disease. Continuous inhalation of atmospheric components also requires the lung to be resilient to cellular injury. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) regulates multiple stages of structural lung morphogenesis, cellular differentiation, and the response to injury. As a driver of lung airway branching morphogenesis, FGF10 signaling defects during development lead to neonatal lung disease. Alternatively, congenital airway abnormalities attributed to FGF10 mutations increase the risk of chronic airway disease in adulthood. FGF10 also maintains progenitor cell populations in the airway and promotes alveolar type 2 cell expansion and differentiation following injury. Here we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking FGF10 to multiple lung diseases, from bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm neonates, cystic fibrosis in children, and chronic adult lung disorders. Understanding the connections between FGF10 and lung diseases may lead to exciting new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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14
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Xu N, Wang BH, Zhou Q, Ouyang Y, Gong W, Tian H, Li X, Jiang C. Expression of Halo-hFGF18 and study of its effect on differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:8-14. [PMID: 30416101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family and important in cartilage growth and development. However, the mechanism by which FGF18 mediates its biological functions is still unclear. In our study, we expressed the rhFGF18 protein fused to a HaloTag, (Halo-rhFGF18). MTT assay results indicated that both rhFGF18 and Halo-rhFGF18 have similar biological activities in NIH3T3 cells. However, basic FGF and acidic FGF were more potent than both rhFGF18 and Halo-rhFGF18. Confocal imaging data indicated that the red fluorescence labeled Halo-rhFGF18 strongly bound to ATDC5 cells and stimulated their proliferation and differentiation, which suggests that glycosaminoglycans may be involved in mediating the biological effects of rhFGF18 in ATDC5 cells. Moreover, western blot results demonstrated that, in ATDC5 cells, ERK1/2 signaling is activated upon stimulation with rhFGF18. Our results may open doors for the use of rhFGF18 as a drug to promote cartilage growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao Hui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuehong Ouyang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyue Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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16
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Yang H, Tian H, Cheng J, Zheng J, Wang D, Sun C, Fernig D, Chen T, Gong W, Wang S, Li X, Jiang C. Highly efficient production of functional recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 22 in E. coli and its protective effects on H 2O 2-lesioned L02 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:114-121. [PMID: 29627393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the 22 member mammalian FGF family, FGF22 belongs to FGF7 subfamily, and its effects are largely confined to the brain and skin. To explore the functions of FGF22 on other tissues and develop a large-scale production of recombinant human FGF22 (rhFGF22) without a fusion tag, a plasmid encoding human FGF22 (pET3a-rhFGF22) was used to express rhFGF22 in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A large amount of rhFGF22 inclusion body protein was obtained. A two-step denaturing method successfully solubilized rhFGF22, and it was refolded and then purified in one step via heparin affinity chromatography. A yield of 105 mg rhFGF22 with a purity of up to 95% was obtained from 100 g wet bacteria. It was found that the rhFGF22 had biological activity, since it effectively attenuated H2O2-induced human hepatic L02 cell death. Analysis by qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that rhFGF22 protects L02 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage via suppression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, the strategy described in this paper may provide a novel means to solve the production of insoluble rhFGF22 and shine new light on its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiliang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Dezhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Changye Sun
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - David Fernig
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Univeristy of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Taotao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyue Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Gouignard N, Schön T, Holmgren C, Strate I, Taşöz E, Wetzel F, Maccarana M, Pera EM. Gene expression of the two developmentally regulated dermatan sulfate epimerases in the Xenopus embryo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191751. [PMID: 29370293 PMCID: PMC5784981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans are abundant on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix and have important functions in matrix structure, cell-matrix interaction and signaling. The DS epimerases 1 and 2, encoded by Dse and Dsel, respectively, convert CS to a CS/DS hybrid chain, which is structurally and conformationally richer than CS, favouring interaction with matrix proteins and growth factors. We recently showed that Xenopus Dse is essential for the migration of neural crest cells by allowing cell surface CS/DS proteoglycans to adhere to fibronectin. Here we investigate the expression of Dse and Dsel in Xenopus embryos. We show that both genes are maternally expressed and exhibit partially overlapping activity in the eyes, brain, trigeminal ganglia, neural crest, adenohypophysis, sclerotome, and dorsal endoderm. Dse is specifically expressed in the epidermis, anterior surface ectoderm, spinal nerves, notochord and dermatome, whereas Dsel mRNA alone is transcribed in the spinal cord, epibranchial ganglia, prechordal mesendoderm and myotome. The expression of the two genes coincides with sites of cell differentiation in the epidermis and neural tissue. Several expression domains can be linked to previously reported phenotypes of knockout mice and clinical manifestations, such as the Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Gouignard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tanja Schön
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Holmgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ina Strate
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emirhan Taşöz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Franziska Wetzel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Maccarana
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edgar M. Pera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ornitz DM, Legeai-Mallet L. Achondroplasia: Development, pathogenesis, and therapy. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:291-309. [PMID: 27987249 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) cause achondroplasia (Ach), the most common form of dwarfism in humans, and related chondrodysplasia syndromes that include hypochondroplasia (Hch), severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN), and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). FGFR3 is expressed in chondrocytes and mature osteoblasts where it functions to regulate bone growth. Analysis of the mutations in FGFR3 revealed increased signaling through a combination of mechanisms that include stabilization of the receptor, enhanced dimerization, and enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. Paradoxically, increased FGFR3 signaling profoundly suppresses proliferation and maturation of growth plate chondrocytes resulting in decreased growth plate size, reduced trabecular bone volume, and resulting decreased bone elongation. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate growth plate chondrocytes, the pathogenesis of Ach, and therapeutic approaches that are being evaluated to improve endochondral bone growth in people with Ach and related conditions. Developmental Dynamics 246:291-309, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
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19
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Chondroitin sulfates and their binding molecules in the central nervous system. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:363-376. [PMID: 28101734 PMCID: PMC5487772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the central nervous system (CNS) matrix. Its sulfation and epimerization patterns give rise to different forms of CS, which enables it to interact specifically and with a significant affinity with various signalling molecules in the matrix including growth factors, receptors and guidance molecules. These interactions control numerous biological and pathological processes, during development and in adulthood. In this review, we describe the specific interactions of different families of proteins involved in various physiological and cognitive mechanisms with CSs in CNS matrix. A better understanding of these interactions could promote a development of inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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20
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Cavalheiro RP, Lima MA, Jarrouge-Bouças TR, Viana GM, Lopes CC, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Dreyfuss JL, Yates EA, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. Coupling of vinculin to F-actin demands Syndecan-4 proteoglycan. Matrix Biol 2017; 63:23-37. [PMID: 28062282 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Syndecans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans characterized as transmembrane receptors that act cooperatively with the cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins. Syn4 knockdown was performed in order to address its role in endothelial cells (EC) behavior. Normal EC and shRNA-Syn4-EC cells were studied comparatively using complementary confocal, super-resolution and non-linear microscopic techniques. Confocal and super-resolution microscopy revealed that Syn4 knockdown alters the level and arrangement of essential proteins for focal adhesion, evidenced by the decoupling of vinculin from F-actin filaments. Furthermore, Syn4 knockdown alters the actin network leading to filopodial protrusions connected by VE-cadherin-rich junction. shRNA-Syn4-EC showed reduced adhesion and increased migration. Also, Syn4 silencing alters cell cycle as well as cell proliferation. Moreover, the ability of EC to form tube-like structures in matrigel is reduced when Syn4 is silenced. Together, the results suggest a mechanism in which Syndecan-4 acts as a central mediator that bridges fibronectin, integrin and intracellular components (actin and vinculin) and once silenced, the cytoskeleton protein network is disrupted. Ultimately, the results highlight Syn4 relevance for balanced cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Cavalheiro
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Lima
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T R Jarrouge-Bouças
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G M Viana
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C C Lopes
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - V J Coulson-Thomas
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of Houston, College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), Houston, USA
| | - J L Dreyfuss
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Ciências Exatas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E A Yates
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I L S Tersariol
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H B Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Caliskan OS, Sardan Ekiz M, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Spatial Organization of Functional Groups on Bioactive Supramolecular Glycopeptide Nanofibers for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Brown Adipogenesis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:740-750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozum S. Caliskan
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Sardan Ekiz
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Li Y, Sun C, Yates EA, Jiang C, Wilkinson MC, Fernig DG. Heparin binding preference and structures in the fibroblast growth factor family parallel their evolutionary diversification. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.150275. [PMID: 27030175 PMCID: PMC4821243 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of a large number of extracellular proteins with heparan sulfate (HS) regulates their transport and effector functions, but the degree of molecular specificity underlying protein–polysaccharide binding is still debated. The 15 paracrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are one of the paradigms for this interaction. Here, we measure the binding preferences of six FGFs (FGF3, FGF4, FGF6, FGF10, FGF17, FGF20) for a library of modified heparins, representing structures in HS, and model glycosaminoglycans, using differential scanning fluorimetry. This is complemented by the identification of the lysine residues in the primary and secondary binding sites of the FGFs by a selective labelling approach. Pooling these data with previous sets provides good coverage of the FGF phylogenetic tree, deduced from amino acid sequence alignment. This demonstrates that the selectivity of the FGFs for binding structures in sulfated polysaccharides and the pattern of secondary binding sites on the surface of FGFs follow the phylogenetic relationship of the FGFs, and so are likely to be the result of the natural selection pressures that led to the expansion of the FGF family in the course of the evolution of more complex animal body plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Changye Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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