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Teng J, Zhao Y, Li YB, Xue LY, Zhai YX, Liu JR, Wang H, Ji XS. LECT2 mediates antibacterial immune response induced by Nocardia seriolae infection in the northern snakehead. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109708. [PMID: 38908810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional immunoregulator that plays several pivotal roles in the host's defense against pathogens. This study aimed to elucidate the specific functions and mechanisms of LECT2 (CaLECT2) in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) during infections with pathogens such as Nocardia seriolae (N. seriolae). We identified CaLECT2 in the northern snakehead, demonstrating its participation in the immune response to N. seriolae infection. CaLECT2 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 459 bp, encoding a peptide of 152 amino acids featuring a conserved peptidase M23 domain. The CaLECT2 protein shares 62%-84% identities with proteins from various other fish species. Transcriptional expression analysis revealed that CaLECT2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression observed in the liver. Following intraperitoneal infection with N. seriolae, CaLECT2 transcription increased in the spleen, trunk kidney, and liver. In vivo challenge experiments showed that injecting recombinant CaLECT2 (rCaLECT2) could protect the snakehead against N. seriolae infection by reducing bacterial load, enhancing serum antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity, and minimizing tissue damage. Moreover, in vitro analysis indicated that rCaLECT2 significantly enhanced the migration, respiratory burst, and microbicidal activity of the head kidney-derived phagocytes. These findings provide new insights into the role of LECT2 in the antibacterial immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yu Bao Li
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Liang Yi Xue
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Yi Xiang Zhai
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Jian Ru Liu
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xiang Shan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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2
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Madrigal G, Minhas BF, Catchen J. Klumpy: A tool to evaluate the integrity of long-read genome assemblies and illusive sequence motifs. Mol Ecol Resour 2024:e13982. [PMID: 38800997 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The improvement and decreasing costs of third-generation sequencing technologies has widened the scope of biological questions researchers can address with de novo genome assemblies. With the increasing number of reference genomes, validating their integrity with minimal overhead is vital for establishing confident results in their applications. Here, we present Klumpy, a tool for detecting and visualizing both misassembled regions in a genome assembly and genetic elements (e.g. genes) of interest in a set of sequences. By leveraging the initial raw reads in combination with their respective genome assembly, we illustrate Klumpy's utility by investigating antifreeze glycoprotein (afgp) loci across two icefishes, by searching for a reported absent gene in the northern snakehead fish, and by scanning the reference genomes of a mudskipper and bumblebee for misassembled regions. In the two former cases, we were able to provide support for the noncanonical placement of an afgp locus in the icefishes and locate the missing snakehead gene. Furthermore, our genome scans were able identify an unmappable locus in the mudskipper reference genome and identify a putative repetitive element shared among several species of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Madrigal
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bushra Fazal Minhas
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian Catchen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Ozerov MY, Noreikiene K, Kahar S, Flajšhans M, Gross R, Vasemägi A. Differential expression and alternative splicing analyses of multiple tissues reveal albinism-associated genes in the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110941. [PMID: 38218377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Albinism is a widespread departure from a typical body colouration due to altered melanin production. The Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) is among the largest freshwater fish species in the world, and albino individuals occur both in the wild and in aquaculture. Here, we performed transcriptome-wide analysis of albino and normally pigmented S. glanis using four tissues (skin, dorsal fin, whole eye and liver) to identify genes associated with albinism by exploring patterns of differential expression (DE) and differential alternative splicing (DAS). Multi-tissue analyses revealed a large number of genes in skin (n = 1355) and fin (n = 614) tissue associated with the albino phenotype in S. glanis, while the number of DE genes in eye and liver tissues was lower (n = 188, n = 189, respectively). Several DE genes across multiple tissues were detected as the most promising candidates (e.g., hsp4, hsp90b1, raph1, uqcrfs1, adcy-family and wnt-family) potentially causally linked to the albino phenotype in Wels catfish. Moreover, our findings supported earlier observations of physiological differences between albino and normally pigmented individuals, particularly in energy metabolism and immune response. In contrast, there were only a few pigmentation-related genes observed among DAS genes (4 in skin, 2 in fin), the overlap between DAS and DE genes was low (n = 25) and did not include known pigmentation-related genes. This suggests that DAS and DE in Wels catfish are, to a large extent, independent processes, and the observed alternative splicing cases are probably not causally linked with albinism in S. glanis. This work provides the first transcriptome-wide multi-tissue insights into the albinism of Wels catfish and serves as a valuable resource for further understanding the genetic mechanisms of pigmentation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ozerov
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - K Noreikiene
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Botany and Genetics, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania. https://twitter.com/snaudale
| | - S Kahar
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Flajšhans
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R Gross
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Vasemägi
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden; Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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Min Y, Li Q, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome elucidates key genes and pathways related to golden phenotype of Crassostrea gigas. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101197. [PMID: 38295536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Marine bivalves are economically important and exhibit a remarkable diversity in shell color. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas stands out as an important economic species, with the successful development of four distinct color strains through selective breeding. While previous studies have shed light on the genetic mechanism underlying color segregation, the precise molecular regulatory mechanisms responsible for shell coloration in oysters remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that the golden phenotype is primarily attributed to pheomelanin by histological and ultrastructural observations. Additionally, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of the black and golden shell color oysters to explore the potential genes and pathways contributing to the golden phenotype in C. gigas. Our results revealed a significant increase in differentially expressed genes in the golden phenotype associated with pathways such as glutathione metabolism, and calcium signaling pathway, suggesting a potential role in the synthesis of pheomelanin. Of particular note, we highlighted the potential role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) in modulating tyrosinase activity and melanosomal pH, ultimately determining the shade of pigmentation. Our study in this work provided a preliminary exploration of the mechanism, shedding light on the melanosome microenvironment and shell color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Min
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Chang Y, Wu S, Li J, Bao H, Wu C. Identification of Candidate Genes for Red-Eyed (Albinism) Domestic Guppies Using Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2175. [PMID: 38396851 PMCID: PMC10888696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Guppies are small tropical fish with brightly colored bodies and variable tail shapes. There are two phenotypes of domestic guppy eye color: red and black. The wild type is black-eyed. The main object of this study was to identify candidate genes for the red-eyed phenotype in domestic guppies. We hope to provide molecular genetic information for the development of new domestic guppy strains. Additionally, the results also contribute to basic research concerning guppies. In this study, 121 domestic guppies were used for genomic analysis (GWAS), and 44 genes were identified. Furthermore, 21 domestic guppies were used for transcriptomic analysis, and 874 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 357 upregulated and 517 downregulated genes. Through GO and KEGG enrichment, we identified some important terms or pathways mainly related to melanin biosynthesis and ion transport. qRT-PCR was also performed to verify the differential expression levels of four important candidate genes (TYR, OCA2, SLC45A2, and SLC24A5) between red-eyed and black-eyed guppies. Based on the results of genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we propose that OCA2 is the most important candidate gene for the red-eyed phenotype in guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (C.W.)
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Fan W, He Y, Su J, Feng Y, Zhuo T, Wang J, Jiao X, Luo Y, Wu J, Geng Y. Effects of leucism on organ development and molecular mechanisms in Northern snakehead (Channa argus) beyond pigmentation alterations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19689. [PMID: 37952047 PMCID: PMC10640583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucism, a widespread occurrence observed in Northern snakehead (Channa argus), bestows a striking white jade-like body coloration upon affected individuals and has gained substantial popularity in commercial breeding. While the visible manifestation of leucism in snakeheads is primarily limited to body coloration, it is crucial to explore the potential influence of leucism on organ development and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Through a comparative analysis of growth differences, our study revealed that at 150 days post-fertilization, the white variety exhibited an 8.5% higher liver index and intestinal index, but experienced a 20% and 38% decreased in spleen index and renal interstitial index, respectively, suggesting an enlarged digestive area but relatively smaller immune tissues. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the intestinal flora between the two varieties, suggesting the exclusion of any exogenous impacts from symbiotic flora on the growth and development of the white variety. Importantly, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the white variety exhibited higher expression levels of innate immune genes. Furthermore, annotation of the gene sets expressed in the liver and spleen revealed 76 and 35 genes respectively, with the white variety displaying lower expression in genes associated with "Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor", "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum", and "TNF signaling pathway", while exhibiting higher expression in "Estrogen signaling pathway". Notably, three genes, namely pcdhf 4, nlrc3 card 15-like, and a pol-like were identified in both the liver and spleen, indicating their potential involvement in altering the development and innate immunity of the white variety. This study reveals the systemic impact of leucism that extends beyond mere pigmentation alterations, highlighting the prominent characteristics of this phenotype and providing a foundation for future molecular breeding programs aimed at enhancing this variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Street No. 211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Su
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Street No. 211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhuo
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Jiao
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Street No. 211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Ren Z, Gong Z. Generation of Albino Phenotype in Ornamental Fish by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of slc45a2 Gene. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:281-290. [PMID: 36917276 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Albinism is the most common color variation described in fish and is a fascinating trait of some ornamental fish species. Albino mutants can be generated by knocking out core genes affecting melanin synthesis like slc45a2 in several fish species. However, genetic mutation remains challenging for species with unknown genome information. In this study, we generated albino mutants in two selected ornamental fish species, royal farlowella (Sturisoma panamense), and redhead cichlid (Vieja melanura). For this purpose, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of fish slc45a2 sequences and identified a highly conserved region among different fish species. A pair of degenerate primers spanning this region was designed and used to amplify a conserved slc45a2 fragment of 340 bp from the two fish species. Based on the amplified sequences, a target site in the 6th exon was used for designing guide RNA and this targeted site was first verified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for the effectiveness. Then, specific guide RNAs were designed for the two ornamental fish species and tested. Most of the injected larvae completely lost black pigment over the whole body and eyes. DNA sequencing confirmed a high degree of mutation at the targeted site. Overall, we described a fast and efficient method to generate albino phenotype in fish species by targeting the conserved 6th exon of slc45a2 gene for genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 and this approach could be a new genetic tool to generate desirable albino ornamental fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 250014, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ziheng Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore.
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