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Suetsugu K, Nozaki T, Hirota SK, Funaki S, Ito K, Isagi Y, Suyama Y, Kaneko S. Phylogeographical evidence for historical long-distance dispersal in the flightless stick insect Ramulus mikado. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231708. [PMID: 37817589 PMCID: PMC10565398 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring how organisms overcome geographical barriers to dispersal is a fundamental question in biology. Passive long-distance dispersal events, although infrequent and unpredictable, have a considerable impact on species range expansions. Despite limited active dispersal capabilities, many stick insect species have vast geographical ranges, indicating that passive long-distance dispersal is vital for their distribution. A potential mode of passive dispersal in stick insects is via the egg stage within avian digestive tracts, as suggested by experimental evidence. However, detecting such events under natural conditions is challenging due to their rarity. Therefore, to indirectly assess the potential of historical avian-mediated dispersal, we examined the population genetic structure of the flightless stick insect Ramulus mikado across Japan, based on a multifaceted molecular approach [cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes, nuclear simple sequence repeat markers and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms]. Subsequently, we identified unique phylogeographic patterns, including the discovery of identical COI genotypes spanning considerable distances, which substantiates the notion of passive long-distance genotypic dispersal. Overall, all the molecular data revealed the low and mostly non-significant genetic differentiation among populations, with identical or very similar genotypes across distant populations. We propose that long-distance dispersal facilitated by birds is the plausible explanation for the unique phylogeographic pattern observed in this flightless stick insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Nozaki
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shun K. Hirota
- Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, 2000 Kisaichi, Katano City, Osaka 576-0004, Japan
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Shoichi Funaki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobeotsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Katsura Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobeotsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Shingo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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Yano K, Tojo K. Possibility of Undeveloped Egg Absorption during Embryogenesis: A Unique Phenomenon Observed in the Ovoviviparous Mayfly Cloeon dipterum. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:20-25. [PMID: 33639714 DOI: 10.2108/zs200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oviparous, ovoviviparous and viviparous reproduction are interesting subjects for understanding animals' evolutionary pathways and adaptation to their life history and habitat conditions. In this study, we examined the reproductive mode of the ovoviviparous mayfly Cloeon dipterum, particularly comparing embryogenesis between hand-pairing and unmated females' common oviduct. Our study suggested that the high developmental rate of C. dipterum observed in a recent study could be ascribed to their absorption of unfertilized eggs. The developmental rates of hand-paired females were almost 100%, while their egg-bearing numbers were lower than those of virgin females. Thus, such reduced egg numbers suggest the maternal absorption of unfertilized eggs. This trait is thought to have evolved with the ovoviviparous characteristics of C. dipterum. We identified the basis of the irregularity of this species exhibiting such a high (i.e., 100%) developmental rate in our previous recent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan, .,Institute of Mountain Science, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Külköylüoğlu O, Akdemir D, Yavuzatmaca M, Çelen E, Dere Ş, Dalkıran N. Do Reproductive Modes and Swimming Ability Influence Occurrence of Non-Marine Ostracod (Crustacea) Species among Aquatic Habitats? Zoolog Sci 2020; 36:511-520. [PMID: 31833322 DOI: 10.2108/zs180193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the effect of reproductive modes and swimming ability on ostracod distribution, we visited 111 randomly selected aquatic sites in Kırşehir province. A total of 35 ostracods were newly reported for the area. The number of species with and without swimming setae was not statistically different, but numbers of sexual species was significantly lower than parthenogenetics. Species without setae did not show a significant difference between sexual and parthenogenetic forms. Numbers of species with (out) setae were not significant among different elevational ranges. Distribution of parthenogenetic species was common in all 11 habitat types when sexual species were only found from three different types located from 690 to ca. 1400 m of elevational ranges. Numbers of parthenogenetic species with or without setae did not show a difference among the ranges, but sexual species without setae exhibited wider distributional ranges (690-1289 m) than species with swimming setae (690-1089 m). Species' co-occurrence revealed two positive, five negative, and 44 random pairs of co-occurrences. Wards cluster analyses portrayed three main clustering groups. While group I includes parthenogenetic and sexual species, group II covers mostly parthenogenetic species with and without setae. Group III consists of species without setae. CCA results displayed three environmental variables (water temperature, pH and elevation) effective on species distribution. Species distributed in all elevational ranges tend to show lower optimum and wider ecological tolerances. Parthenogenetic species with swimming setae and with relatively higher tolerance ranges were dominant over sexual species. The present results suggest that swimming mode has a greater effect on species distribution among the habitats than reproductive modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Külköylüoğlu
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bolu 14280, Turkey,
| | - Derya Akdemir
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 49A, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mehmet Yavuzatmaca
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bolu 14280, Turkey
| | - Ebru Çelen
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bolu 14280, Turkey
| | - Şükran Dere
- Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Dalkıran
- Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Abstract
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is overwhelmingly the most common reproductive mode among Metazoans, although it has been secondarily lost in some organisms. Ephoron shigae is a geographically parthenogenetic mayfly. Here, we provide details of the frequency of bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of E. shigae together with data on their sex ratios in the Abukuma-gawa River and one of its downstream tributaries, the Surikami-gawa River, in Japan. In a previous study in the 1990s, bisexual populations were observed in both rivers. The present study clearly shows that sex ratios have since changed to be almost entirely unisexual within the downstream area of the Abukuma-gawa River and the Surikami-gawa River. Our genetic analyses also show that these females are of a parthenogenetic strain, and that the original bisexual strains were overwhelmed within a period of <20 years. However, it was recently observed that many males and females of the bisexual strains continue to inhabit upstream areas of the Abukuma-gawa River. Therefore, we suggest that the parthenogenetic strains have increased in abundance primarily downstream. We show that a drastic change has occurred over a short period, involving the replacement of one strain and a corresponding change in reproductive mode along a riverine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sekiné
- Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science, Rissho University, Kumagaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - K Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Vershinina AO, Kuznetsova VG. Parthenogenesis in Hexapoda: Entognatha and non-holometabolous insects. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O. Vershinina
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
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