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Dorrestein A, Westcott D, Martin JM, Phalen D, Rose K, Welbergen JA. Bat mating systems-A review and recategorisation. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70149. [PMID: 39157663 PMCID: PMC11327276 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mating systems, influenced by the social and ecological environment and individual attributes, are fundamental components of animal social organisation, impacting behaviour, animal distribution, ecosystem processes, individual reproductive success, and population dynamics. Bats are of particular interest for studies of mating systems as they are thought to exhibit a greater diversity in mating systems than any other mammalian order, and thus make great models for improving our fundamental understanding of causes and consequences of social organisation. Here, we review the current knowledge of bat mating systems. Our analyses show that research on bat mating systems has not kept pace with research on bats in general and that traditional typologies do not accommodate the mating system of several species. Therefore, we propose an alternative, functional framework to categorise mating systems of bats and by extension of other taxa. We argue that mating systems can be classified according to a male reproductive skew continuum, with an increasing skew from monogamy to true lekking. We include an additional category of lek-like mating system along the continuum to account for previous trans-categorical cases that have the appearance of resource defence but are functionally akin to a lek. The new framework has a total of seven categories: promiscuity, monogamy, female defence polygyny, resource defence polygyny, a lek-like mating system, exploded classical lek, and clustered classical lek. Applying this framework to bats reveals that lek mating systems are more prevalent in bats than previously recognised. It is our aim that this review and the proposed framework provide a greater understanding of bat mating systems particularly and provoke research into the factors that shape mating systems across animal taxa more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Dorrestein
- The Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Westcott
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and WaterAthertonQueenslandAustralia
| | - John M. Martin
- The Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Phalen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife HealthTaronga Conservation Society AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Justin A. Welbergen
- The Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
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2
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Alvarez van Tussenbroek I, Knörnschild M, Nagy M, O'Toole BP, Formenti G, Philge P, Zhang N, Abueg L, Brajuka N, Jarvis E, Volkert TL, Gray JL, Pieri M, Mai M, Teeling EC, Vernes SC. The genome sequence of Rhynchonycteris naso, Peters, 1867 (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Rhynchonycteris). Wellcome Open Res 2024; 9:361. [PMID: 39239167 PMCID: PMC11375410 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19959.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a reference genome assembly from an individual male Rhynchonycteris naso (Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Emballonuridae). The genome sequence is 2.46 Gb in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Y sex chromosome assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Alvarez van Tussenbroek
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, PO Box 9505, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Panama City, Panama
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giulio Formenti
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip Philge
- Paratus Sciences, New York, USA
- Excelra, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ning Zhang
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linelle Abueg
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadolina Brajuka
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erich Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas L Volkert
- Paratus Sciences, New York, USA
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Meike Mai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science,, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire, England, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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3
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Baird TA, Leibold DC. An experimental field test of female defense in territorial male collared lizards. Behav Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A widely held principle in behavioral ecological research is that polygynous social systems evolve either by direct male defense of females or male defense of resources, although which of these mechanisms applies in particular species is rarely examined experimentally. We tested the relative importance of female versus resource defense in polygynous territorial male collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Using a novel experimental design, we temporarily removed some of the resident females from male territories to create a female-free removal zone, whereas resident females were left intact within a non-removal zone. We then compared activity of males within each zone during three experimental phases; before we removed females, for two days when females were absent, and the day after return of females. If males defend females directly, we expected them to adjust the location of their patrol and display within removal and non-removal zones depending on the presence/absence of females, whereas we expected no such change if males defend resources. Male activity in the removal zone generally decreased when females were removed but then increased when females were replaced, whereas we observed the opposite pattern in the non-removal zone. The observed shifts in the location of patrol and display in response to the presence/absence of females, while resources remained constant, indicate that polygynous male collared lizards defend females directly. Our results suggest that male collared lizards take advantage of strong female philopatry to relatively small areas by focusing their patrol and display activities where potential mates reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Baird
- Department of Biology, Center for Wildlife Forensics and Conservation Studies, University of Central Oklahoma , 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034 , USA
| | - Dalton C Leibold
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University , 46 Sullivan’s Creek Way, Acton, ACT 2601 , Australia
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Seasonal reproductive synchrony in colonies of the Jamaican fruit–eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in southeast Mexico. MAMMAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Gutiérrez EG, Vivas-Toro I, Carmona-Ruíz D, Villalobos-Chaves D, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Real-Monroy MD, León-Avila G, Ortega J. Socio-spatial organization reveals paternity and low kinship in the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) in Costa Rica. Integr Zool 2021; 16:646-658. [PMID: 33411951 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isabela Vivas-Toro
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Melina Del Real-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva, Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zac., México
| | - Gloria León-Avila
- Laboratorio de Genética, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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6
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Braun de Torrez EC, Gore JA, Ober HK. Evidence of resource-defense polygyny in an endangered subtropical bat, Eumops floridanus. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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7
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Liu H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Feng J, Jiang T. Effects of body size and prior residence on dominance hierarchies in female Asian particolored bats. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Social animals may cooperate to gain resources such as food and territory. However, unavoidable conflicts over limited resources frequently occur between group members. Social rank may effectively decrease conflicts within animal social groups, thereby reducing energy consumption and maintaining group stability. In this study, we tested the two factors most often proposed to influence winning a conflict: body size and prior residence. Our results showed that female Asian particolored bats (Vespertilio sinensis) formed near-linear dominance hierarchies. Forearm length was significantly positively correlated with dominance rank in three replicate experiments. In addition, prior residents had significantly higher dominance ranks than intruders of similar body size. These results suggested that both body size and prior residence might affect dominance ranks in female Asian particolored bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuze Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, School of Environment, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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9
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Wilde LR, Günther L, Mayer F, Knörnschild M, Nagy M. Thermoregulatory Requirements Shape Mating Opportunities of Male Proboscis Bats. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Paramanantha Swami DD, Nagarajan-Radha V. Male Resource Defence Behaviour Strengthens Harem Size in Promiscuously Mating Fruit Bats. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doss D. Paramanantha Swami
- School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Zoology, St. John's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Günther L, Knörnschild M, Nagy M, Mayer F. The evolution of a rare mammalian trait - benefits and costs of male philopatry in proboscis bats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15632. [PMID: 29142308 PMCID: PMC5688083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While inbreeding avoidance is widely accepted as the major driver of female natal dispersal, the evolution of male philopatry is still poorly understood and discussed to be driven by male mating strategy, mate competition among male kin and kin cooperation. During a twelve-year study, we gathered detailed genetic and observational data of individually marked proboscis bats to assess the degree of male philopatry as well as its costs and benefits to improve the understanding of its evolution. Our results reveal several patrilines with simultaneous presence of closely related males and a small proportion of unrelated immigrant males in their colonies. Philopatric males benefit from avoiding the costs of immigration into foreign colonies through significantly longer tenure, better integration (i.e. frequent nocturnal presence in the colonies) and consequently significantly higher reproductive success compared to immigrant males. Finally, we illustrate that despite a high proportion of philopatric males in the groups, the number of closely related competing males is low. Thus, the hypothesised costs of mate competition among male kin seem to be low in promiscuous mammalian societies with unrelated females and a small degree of male immigration and are readily outweighed by the benefits of staying in the natal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Günther
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.,Free University Berlin, Institute of Biology, Animal Behavior Lab, Takustrasse 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Avenida, Tupper Building 401, Balboa, Panama
| | - Martina Nagy
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Biology, Animal Behavior Lab, Takustrasse 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
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Mahandran V, Murugan CM, Nathan PT. Effect of female group size on harem male roosting behavior of the Indian short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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