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Wang R, Li J, Zhang F, Miao X. Non-Tandem CCCH-Type Zinc-Finger Protein CpZF_CCCH1 Improves Fatty Acid Desaturation and Stress Tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37910392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The properties and nutritional value of microalgal bioproducts depend significantly on fatty acid desaturation, which is generally modulated by manipulating the culture conditions or associated gene expressions. Here, we investigated the role of CpZF_CCCH1, a non-tandem CCCH-type zinc-finger (non-TZF) protein, in elevating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (11.00-16.36%) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Through lipidomic and flow cytometry analyses, we observed reduced triacylglycerol accumulation (7.01-21.15%) and elevated levels of membrane lipids containing PUFAs (7.81-46.18%) in C. reinhardtii overexpressing CpZF_CCCH1. Additionally, overexpression of nucleus-located CpZF_CCCH1 downregulated genes associated with triacylglycerol assembly and lipid turnover from 2.00- to 2.90-fold, likely by binding to GCN4 motif and promoter of 3-phosphate-glycerol acyltransferase. Furthermore, overexpression of CpZF_CCCH1 alleviated reactive oxygen species levels by 59.28-73.26% and enhanced stress tolerance under adverse conditions. These findings expanded the roles of non-TZF proteins in lipid metabolism, opening new avenues for metabolic engineering to enhance the nutritional value and stress tolerance of microalgae and agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Senousy HH, El-Sheekh MM, Khairy HM, El-Sayed HS, Mahmoud GAE, Hamed AA. Biodiesel Production from the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica Grown on Yeast Wastewater and the Effect on Its Biochemical Composition and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2898. [PMID: 37631110 PMCID: PMC10459201 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biodiesel synthesis is currently not commercially viable due to the high costs of culture realizations and low lipid yields. The main objective of the current study was to determine the possibility of growing Nannochloropsis oceanica on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast wastewater for biodiesel generation at an economical rate. N. oceanica was grown in Guillard F/2 synthetic medium and three dilutions of yeast wastewater (1, 1.25, and 1.5%). Biodiesel properties, in addition to carbohydrate, protein, lipid, dry weight, biomass, lipid productivity, amino acids, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) content, were analyzed and the quality of the produced biodiesel is assessed. The data revealed the response of N. oceanica to nitrogen-deficiency in the three dilutions of yeast wastewater. N. oceanica in Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution exhibited the highest total carbohydrate and lipid percentages (21.19% and 41.97%, respectively), and the highest lipid productivity (52.46 mg L-1 day -1) under nitrogen deficiency in yeast wastewater. The fatty acids profile shows that N. oceanica cultivated in Y2 (1.25%) wastewater dilution provides a significant level of TSFA (47.42%) and can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. In addition, N. oceanica responded to nitrogen shortage in wastewater dilutions by upregulating the gene encoding delta-9 fatty acid desaturase (Δ9FAD). As a result, the oleic and palmitoleic acid levels increased in the fatty acid profile of Y2 yeast wastewater dilution, highlighting the increased activity of Δ9FAD enzyme in transforming stearic acid and palmitic acid into oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. This study proved that the Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution can be utilized as a growth medium for improving the quantity of specific fatty acids and lipid productivity in N. oceanica that affect biodiesel quality to satisfy global biodiesel requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda H. Senousy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Hanan M. Khairy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | - Heba S. El-Sayed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal A. Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
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Wang R, Miao X. Lipid turnover and SQUAMOSA promoter-binding proteins mediate variation in fatty acid desaturation under early nitrogen deprivation revealed by lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987354. [PMID: 36247620 PMCID: PMC9558234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deprivation induces variations in fatty acid desaturation in microalgae, which determines the performance of biodiesel and the nutritional value of bioproducts. However, the detailed scenario and the underlying regulatory mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we attempt to outline these scenario and mechanisms by performing biochemical, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and functional characterization of transcription factors in Yarrowia lipolytica. We found that early nitrogen deprivation dramatically reduced fatty acid desaturation without increasing lipid content. The contents of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) dramatically increased to 2.14 and 2.87 times that of nitrogen repletion on the second day, respectively. Lipidomic analysis showed the transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids and glycolipids to triacylglycerols, and an increase in lipid species with 16:0 or 18:1 under nitrogen deprivation conditions. Upregulated stearoyl-ACP desaturase and oleyl-ACP thioesterase promoted the synthesis of 18:1, but restricted acetyl-CoA supply revealed that it was the intensive lipid turnover instead of an attenuated Kennedy pathway that played an important role in the variation in fatty acid composition under early nitrogen deprivation. Finally, two differentially expressed SQUAMOSA promoter-binding proteins (SBPs) were heterologously expressed in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating their role in promoting the accumulation of total fatty acid and the reduction in fatty acid desaturation. These results revealed the crucial role of lipid turnover and SBPs in determining fatty acid desaturation under early nitrogen deprivation, opening new avenues for the metabolic engineering of fatty acid desaturation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Wu J, Wu C, Rong C, Tian J, Jiang N, Wu R, Yue X, Shi H. Catalytic mechanisms underlying fungal fatty acid desaturases activities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35658758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial roles in a variety of human pathologies and disorders. Owing to the limited source of PUFAs in animals and plants, microorganisms, especially fungi, have become a new source of PUFAs. In fungi, fatty acid desaturases (F-FADS) are the main enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into PUFAs. Their catalytic activities and substrate specificities, which are directly dependent on the structure of the FADS proteins, determine their efficiency to convert SFAs to PUFAs. Catalytic mechanisms underlying F-FADS activities can be determined from the findings of the relationship between their structure and function. In this review, the advances made in the past decade in terms of catalytic activities and substrate specificities of the fungal FADS cluster are summarized. The relationship between the key domain(s) and site(s) in F-FADS proteins and their catalytic activity is highlighted, and the FADS cluster is analyzed phylogenetically. In addition, subcellular localization of F-FADS is discussed. Finally, we provide prospective crystal structures of F-FADSs. The findings may provide a reference for the resolution of the crystal structures of F-FADS proteins and facilitate the increase in fungal PUFA production for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunchi Rong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Sirohi R, Joun J, Choi HI, Gaur VK, Sim SJ. Algal glycobiotechnology: omics approaches for strain improvement. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:163. [PMID: 34419059 PMCID: PMC8379821 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae has the capability to replace petroleum-based fuels and is a promising option as an energy feedstock because of its fast growth, high photosynthetic capacity and remarkable ability to store energy reserve molecules in the form of lipids and starch. But the commercialization of microalgae based product is difficult due to its high processing cost and low productivity. Higher accumulation of these molecules may help to cut the processing cost. There are several reports on the use of various omics techniques to improve the strains of microalgae for increasing the productivity of desired products. To effectively use these techniques, it is important that the glycobiology of microalgae is associated to omics approaches to essentially give rise to the field of algal glycobiotechnology. In the past few decades, lot of work has been done to improve the strain of various microalgae such as Chlorella, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Botryococcus braunii etc., through genome sequencing and metabolic engineering with major focus on significantly increasing the productivity of biofuels, biopolymers, pigments and other products. The advancements in algae glycobiotechnology have highly significant role to play in innovation and new developments for the production algae-derived products as above. It would be highly desirable to understand the basic biology of the products derived using -omics technology together with biochemistry and biotechnology. This review discusses the potential of different omic techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) to improve the yield of desired products through algal strain manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ii Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, Republic of Korea.
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Nicolò MS, Gugliandolo C, Rizzo MG, Zammuto V, Cicero N, Dugo G, Guglielmino SPP. Nutritional conditions of the novel freshwater Coccomyxa AP01 for versatile fatty acids composition. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:401-412. [PMID: 34260800 PMCID: PMC9292221 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was to analyse the biomass production and fatty acids (FAs) profiles in a newly isolated chlorophyte, namely Coccomyxa AP01, under nutritionally balanced (NB) conditions (comparing nitrate and urea as nitrogen sources) and nitrogen or phosphate deprivation. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipid yields was about 30%-40% of dried biomasses in all examined nutritional conditions. Under NB conditions, lipids were principally constituted by monounsaturated FAs, mainly represented by oleic acid, and saturated and polyunsaturated FAs at similar concentrations. Nutrients deprivation induced remarkable changes in FAs profiles, with the highest amounts of saturated (42%-46%), followed by similar amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, and the emergence of rare long-chain FAs. Under phosphate deprivation, biomass yield was similar to NB conditions, with the highest yield of saturated (mainly palmitic acid) and of polyunsaturated FAs (33%) (mainly linoleic and linolenic acids). CONCLUSIONS Balanced or deprived nutritional conditions in Coccomyxa AP01 induced a selective production and composition of FAs. The phosphate-deprivation condition concomitantly provided high biomass yield and the production of high value saturated and polyunsaturated FAs with industrial interest. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Coccomyxa AP01 could be considered a promising source of different FAs, including also docosapentaenoic acid, for several commercial purposes spanning from biodiesel production, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications to innovative aquaculture fish feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sebastiano Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zammuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Norena-Caro DA, Zuniga C, Pete AJ, Saemundsson SA, Donaldson MR, Adams AJ, Dooley KM, Zengler K, Benton MG. Analysis of the cyanobacterial amino acid metabolism with a precise genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Anabaena sp. UTEX 2576. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kumar G, Shekh A, Jakhu S, Sharma Y, Kapoor R, Sharma TR. Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:914. [PMID: 33014997 PMCID: PMC7494788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, due to their complex metabolic capacity, are being continuously explored for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and other industrially important bioactives. However, suboptimal yield and productivity of the bioactive of interest in local and robust wild-type strains are of perennial concerns for their industrial applications. To overcome such limitations, strain improvement through genetic engineering could play a decisive role. Though the advanced tools for genetic engineering have emerged at a greater pace, they still remain underused for microalgae as compared to other microorganisms. Pertaining to this, we reviewed the progress made so far in the development of molecular tools and techniques, and their deployment for microalgae strain improvement through genetic engineering. The recent availability of genome sequences and other omics datasets form diverse microalgae species have remarkable potential to guide strategic momentum in microalgae strain improvement program. This review focuses on the recent and significant improvements in the omics resources, mutant libraries, and high throughput screening methodologies helpful to augment research in the model and non-model microalgae. Authors have also summarized the case studies on genetically engineered microalgae and highlight the opportunities and challenges that are emerging from the current progress in the application of genome-editing to facilitate microalgal strain improvement. Toward the end, the regulatory and biosafety issues in the use of genetically engineered microalgae in commercial applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ajam Shekh
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Sunaina Jakhu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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You Z, Zhang Q, Miao X. Increasing DNA content for cost-effective oil production in Parachlorella kessleri. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121332. [PMID: 30999194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study salt stress effects on DNA content and oil production processes integrating harvesting, lipid accumulation and oil extraction. Salt-induced enlargement of Parachlorella kessleri cells, with increasing content of DNA and neutral lipid were found. The 34.77% neutral lipid content and biomass concentration of 0.83 g L-1 were obtained after 7 days of salt treatment, compared with that of 13.57% and 0.89 g L-1 cultivated under normal condition. Sedimentation efficiency increased markedly from 15% to 90% due to the cell enlargement. Disruption fraction and the recovery rate of total lipids of wet cells under salt stress were significantly higher than that of normal conditions (100% and 82.4% for salt stress vs.76.8% and 51.1% for normal conditions). This work demonstrated that salt-induced increase in cell size and DNA content was an effective strategy for the enhancement of oil production, microalgae harvesting and oil extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhi You
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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