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Kalvelage J, Wöhlbrand L, Senkler J, Schumacher J, Ditz N, Bischof K, Winklhofer M, Klingl A, Braun HP, Rabus R. Conspicuous chloroplast with light harvesting-photosystem I/II megacomplex in marine Prorocentrum cordatum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:306-325. [PMID: 38330164 PMCID: PMC11181951 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Marine photosynthetic (micro)organisms drive multiple biogeochemical cycles and display a large diversity. Among them, the bloom-forming, free-living dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum CCMP 1329 (formerly P. minimum) stands out with its distinct cell biological features. Here, we obtained insights into the structural properties of the chloroplast and the photosynthetic machinery of P. cordatum using microscopic and proteogenomic approaches. High-resolution FIB/SEM analysis revealed a single large chloroplast (∼40% of total cell volume) with a continuous barrel-like structure, completely lining the inner face of the cell envelope and enclosing a single reticular mitochondrium, the Golgi apparatus, as well as diverse storage inclusions. Enriched thylakoid membrane fractions of P. cordatum were comparatively analyzed with those of the well-studied model-species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using 2D BN DIGE. Strikingly, P. cordatum possessed a large photosystem-light harvesting megacomplex (>1.5 MDa), which is dominated by photosystems I and II (PSI, PSII), chloroplast complex I, and chlorophyll a-b binding light harvesting complex proteins. This finding parallels the absence of grana in its chloroplast and distinguishes from the predominant separation of PSI and PSII complexes in A. thaliana, indicating a different mode of flux balancing. Except for the core elements of the ATP synthase and the cytb6f-complex, the composition of the other complexes (PSI, PSII, and pigment-binding proteins, PBPs) of P. cordatum differed markedly from those of A. thaliana. Furthermore, a high number of PBPs was detected, accounting for a large share of the total proteomic data (∼65%) and potentially providing P. cordatum with flexible adaptation to changing light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kalvelage
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Senkler
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian Schumacher
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Noah Ditz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Bischof
- Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen & MARUM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences (IBU), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Faculty of Biology, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Zhao LS, Li CY, Chen XL, Wang Q, Zhang YZ, Liu LN. Native architecture and acclimation of photosynthetic membranes in a fast-growing cyanobacterium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1883-1895. [PMID: 35947692 PMCID: PMC9614513 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient solar energy conversion is ensured by the organization, physical association, and physiological coordination of various protein complexes in photosynthetic membranes. Here, we visualize the native architecture and interactions of photosynthetic complexes within the thylakoid membranes from a fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Syn2973) using high-resolution atomic force microscopy. In the Syn2973 thylakoid membranes, both photosystem I (PSI)-enriched domains and crystalline photosystem II (PSII) dimer arrays were observed, providing favorable membrane environments for photosynthetic electron transport. The high light (HL)-adapted thylakoid membranes accommodated a large amount of PSI complexes, without the incorporation of iron-stress-induced protein A (IsiA) assemblies and formation of IsiA-PSI supercomplexes. In the iron deficiency (Fe-)-treated thylakoid membranes, in contrast, IsiA proteins densely associated with PSI, forming the IsiA-PSI supercomplexes with varying assembly structures. Moreover, type-I NADH dehydrogenase-like complexes (NDH-1) were upregulated under the HL and Fe- conditions and established close association with PSI complexes to facilitate cyclic electron transport. Our study provides insight into the structural heterogeneity and plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus in the context of their native membranes in Syn2973 under environmental stress. Advanced understanding of the photosynthetic membrane organization and adaptation will provide a framework for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of efficient light harvesting and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Author of correspondence: (L.-N.L.), (L.-S.Z.)
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Cryo-EM structures of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytochrome b6f complex with and without the regulatory PetP subunit. Biochem J 2022; 479:1487-1503. [PMID: 35726684 PMCID: PMC9342900 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) complex links the linear electron transfer (LET) reactions occurring at photosystems I and II and generates a transmembrane proton gradient via the Q-cycle. In addition to this central role in LET, cytb6f also participates in a range of processes including cyclic electron transfer (CET), state transitions and photosynthetic control. Many of the regulatory roles of cytb6f are facilitated by auxiliary proteins that differ depending upon the species, yet because of their weak and transient nature the structural details of these interactions remain unknown. An apparent key player in the regulatory balance between LET and CET in cyanobacteria is PetP, a ∼10 kDa protein that is also found in red algae but not in green algae and plants. Here, we used cryogenic electron microscopy to determine the structure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytb6f complex in the presence and absence of PetP. Our structures show that PetP interacts with the cytoplasmic side of cytb6f, displacing the C-terminus of the PetG subunit and shielding the C-terminus of cytochrome b6, which binds the heme cn cofactor that is suggested to mediate CET. The structures also highlight key differences in the mode of plastoquinone binding between cyanobacterial and plant cytb6f complexes, which we suggest may reflect the unique combination of photosynthetic and respiratory electron transfer in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. The structure of cytb6f from a model cyanobacterial species amenable to genetic engineering will enhance future site-directed mutagenesis studies of structure-function relationships in this crucial ET complex.
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Pritchard C, White MF, Brown S. Life Sciences New Talent collection. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211981. [PMID: 35116170 PMCID: PMC8767205 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Pritchard
- Cancer Studies, University of Leicester College of Medicine Biological Sciences and Psychology, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Steve Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
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Yi L, Liu B, Nixon PJ, Yu J, Chen F. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structural and Functional Evolution of FtsH Proteases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837528. [PMID: 35463435 PMCID: PMC9020784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The FtsH family of proteases are membrane-anchored, ATP-dependent, zinc metalloproteases. They are universally present in prokaryotes and the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Most bacteria bear a single ftsH gene that produces hexameric homocomplexes with diverse house-keeping roles. However, in mitochondria, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, multiple FtsH homologs form homo- and heterocomplexes with specialized functions in maintaining photosynthesis and respiration. The diversification of FtsH homologs combined with selective pairing of FtsH isomers is a versatile strategy to enable functional adaptation. In this article we summarize recent progress in understanding the evolution, structure and function of FtsH proteases with a focus on the role of FtsH in photosynthesis and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Yi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Peter J. Nixon, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-6937
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Jianfeng Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-3803
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Feng Chen, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-943X
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