1
|
Li X, Mu T, Wang Z, Qian J, Zhu R. First record of the genus Schizothorax in rivers of the Central Himalayas in China. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:497-504. [PMID: 37278092 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 40 specimens of the genus Schizothorax (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae), including 10 matured males, 19 matured females and 11 juveniles, were captured from the Kirong Tsangpo River in China, which is located in the southern slope of the Central Himalayas. These specimens are identified as Schizothorax richardsonii (Grey, 1832) based on morphological characters and molecular analyses using mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences. The Kirong population of S. richardsonii is relatively isolated from other populations in the Himalayas and has low genetic diversity. This is the first record of the genus Schizothorax fish in rivers of the Central Himalayas in China. As S. richardsonii is a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, a protection plan should be conducted to reduce the impact of anthropogenic disturbance by monitoring the natural population dynamics and assessing the ecological determinants of its distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshuo Qian
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Regmi B, Douglas MR, Wangchuk K, Zbinden ZD, Edds DR, Tshering S, Douglas ME. The Himalayan uplift and evolution of aquatic biodiversity across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a test case. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289736. [PMID: 37874844 PMCID: PMC10597529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity hotspots are often remote, tectonically active areas undergoing climatic fluctuations, such as the Himalaya Mountains and neighboring Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). They provide biogeographic templates upon which endemic biodiversity can be mapped to infer diversification scenarios. Yet, this process can be somewhat opaque for the Himalaya, given substantial data gaps separating eastern and western regions. To help clarify, we evaluated phylogeographic and phylogenetic hypotheses for a widespread fish (Snowtrout: Cyprininae; Schizothorax) by sequencing 1,140 base pair of mtDNA cytochrome-b (cytb) from Central Himalaya samples (Nepal: N = 53; Bhutan: N = 19), augmented with 68 GenBank sequences (N = 60 Schizothorax/N = 8 outgroups). Genealogical relationships (N = 132) were analyzed via maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian (BA), and haplotype network clustering, with clade divergence estimated via TimeTree. Snowtrout seemingly originated in Central Asia, dispersed across the QTP, then into Bhutan via southward-flowing tributaries of the east-flowing Yarlung-Tsangpo River (YLTR). Headwaters of five large Asian rivers provided dispersal corridors from Central into eastern/southeastern Asia. South of the Himalaya, the YLTR transitions into the Brahmaputra River, facilitating successive westward colonization of Himalayan drainages first in Bhutan, then Nepal, followed by far-western drainages subsequently captured by the (now) westward-flowing Indus River. Two distinct Bhutanese phylogenetic groups were recovered: Bhutan-1 (with three subclades) seemingly represents southward dispersal from the QTP; Bhutan-2 apparently illustrates northward colonization from the Lower Brahmaputra. The close phylogenetic/phylogeographic relationships between the Indus River (Pakistan) and western tributaries of the Upper Ganges (India/Nepal) potentially implicate an historic, now disjunct connection. Greater species-divergences occurred across rather than within-basins, suggesting vicariance as a driver. The Himalaya is a component of the Earth's largest glacial reservoir (i.e., the "third-pole") separate from the Arctic/Antarctic. Its unique aquatic biodiversity must be defined and conserved through broad, trans-national collaborations. Our study provides an initial baseline for this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Regmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Karma Wangchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- National Research & Development Centre for Riverine and Lake Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Zachery D. Zbinden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - David R. Edds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Singye Tshering
- National Research & Development Centre for Riverine and Lake Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cohen JI, Turgman-Cohen S. The Conservation Genetics of Iris lacustris (Dwarf Lake Iris), a Great Lakes Endemic. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2557. [PMID: 37447118 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Iris lacustris, a northern Great Lakes endemic, is a rare species known from 165 occurrences across Lakes Michigan and Huron in the United States and Canada. Due to multiple factors, including habitat loss, lack of seed dispersal, patterns of reproduction, and forest succession, the species is threatened. Early population genetic studies using isozymes and allozymes recovered no to limited genetic variation within the species. To better explore genetic variation across the geographic range of I. lacustris and to identify units for conservation, we used tunable Genotyping-by-Sequencing (tGBS) with 171 individuals across 24 populations from Michigan and Wisconsin, and because the species is polyploid, we filtered the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) matrices using polyRAD to recognize diploid and tetraploid loci. Based on multiple population genetic approaches, we resolved three to four population clusters that are geographically structured across the range of the species. The species migrated from west to east across its geographic range, and minimal genetic exchange has occurred among populations. Four units for conservation are recognized, but nine adaptive units were identified, providing evidence for local adaptation across the geographic range of the species. Population genetic analyses with all, diploid, and tetraploid loci recovered similar results, which suggests that methods may be robust to variation in ploidy level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Isaac Cohen
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson St., Dept. 2504, Ogden, UT 84408-2504, USA
| | - Salomon Turgman-Cohen
- E.S. Witchger School of Engineering, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222-1997, USA
| |
Collapse
|