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Liu K, Shoinkhorova T, You X, Gong X, Zhang X, Chung SH, Ruiz-Martínez J, Gascon J, Dutta Chowdhury A. The synergistic interplay of hierarchy, crystal size, and Ga-promotion in the methanol-to-aromatics process over ZSM-5 zeolites. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11344-11353. [PMID: 38899920 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the context of advancing social modernization, the projected shortfall in the demand for renewable aromatic hydrocarbons is expected to widen, influenced by industries like high-end materials, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. Sustainable methods for aromatic production from alternative sources, particularly the methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) process using zeolite ZSM-5 and associated with the "methanol economy", have garnered widespread attention. To facilitate this transition, our project consolidates conventional strategies that impact aromatics selectivity-such as using hierarchical zeolites, metallic promoters, or altering zeolite physicochemical properties-into a unified study. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of elongated crystal size and heightened zeolite hierarchy on preferential aromatics selectivity, albeit through distinct mechanisms involving the consumption of shorter olefins. While metallic promoters enhance MTA performance, crystal size, and hierarchy remain pivotal in achieving the maximized aromatics selectivity. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of achieving superior aromatics selectivity through physicochemical modifications in zeolite ZSM-5 during MTA catalysis, thereby advancing the field's comprehension of structure-reactivity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Tuiana Shoinkhorova
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xinyu You
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xuan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Sang-Ho Chung
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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Liu K, Ramirez A, Zhang X, Çağlayan M, Gong X, Gascon J, Chowdhury AD. Interplay Between Particle Size and Hierarchy of Zeolite ZSM-5 During the CO 2 -to-aromatics Process. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300608. [PMID: 37313791 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 -to-aromatics process is a chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into valuable petrochemical, i. e., aromatics (especially, benzene, toluene, and xylene) over the metal/zeolite bifunctional catalytic systems. These aromatics are used in producing plastics, fibers, and other industrial products, which are currently exclusively sourced from fossil-derived feedstocks. The significance of this process lies in its potential to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously producing valuable chemicals. Consequently, these CO2 -derived aromatics can reduce the reliance on fossil fuels as a source of feedstocks, which can help to promote a more sustainable and circular economy. Owing to the existence of a wider straight channel favoring the aromatization process, zeolite ZSM-5 is extensively used to yield aromatics during CO2 hydrogenation over bifunctional (metal/zeolite) catalytic systems. To provide a better understanding of this unique property of zeolite ZSM-5, this work investigates the impact of particle size and hierarchy of the zeolite and how these govern the reaction performance and the overall selectivity. As a result, an improved understanding of the zeolite-catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion process has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Mustafa Çağlayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
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Bai Y, Niu X, Du YE, Chen Y. Conversion of Methanol to Para-Xylene over ZSM-5 Zeolites Modified by Zinc and Phosphorus. Molecules 2023; 28:4890. [PMID: 37446553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the influence of different phosphorus sources and the modification of zinc and phosphorus on the performance of the conversion of methanol to aromatics (MTA) was investigated. The results showed that the phosphorus source had a significant impact on the selectivity of para-xylene (PX) in xylene and catalyst stability. The introduction of P resulted in the covering of the active acid sites and the narrowing of the pore of the ZSM-5 zeolite, which improved the shape-selectivity for PX in the methanol conversion reaction. Compared with the modifiers of H3PO4 and (NH4)3PO4, the ZSM-5 zeolite modified by (NH4)2HPO4 exhibited better catalyst stability and PX-selectivity due to its larger specific surface area, pore volume and suitable acidity. When the ZSM-5 zeolite was modified by Zn and P, the effect of Zn and P on the selectivity to aromatics and PX in xylene was almost opposite. With the increase in P-loading, the selectivity of PX in xylene gradually increased but at the cost of decreasing the aromatic-selectivity. On the other hand, the loading of Zn introduced Zn-Lewis acid sites to provide aromatization active centers and improved the aromatic-selectivity. However, excessive Zn reduced the selectivity of PX in xylene. The catalyst activity and aromatic-selectivity could be improved to some extent with an appropriate ratio of Zn and P, while maintaining or increasing the para-selectivity of xylene. Compared with 5% P/ZSM-5 catalyst modified with only (NH4)2HPO4, the PX selectivity in xylene over the Zn-P/ZSM-5 catalyst modified with 5% Zn and 1% P improved from 86.6% to 90.1%, and the PX yield increased by 59%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xianjun Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yi-En Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
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Antúnez-García J, Yocupicio-Gaxiola RI, Serrato AR, Petranovskii V, Murrieta-Rico FN, Shelyapina MG, Fuentes-Moyado S. A theoretical study of the effect of exchange cations in surface of ZSM-5 lamellar zeolites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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