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Wang W, O'Driscoll M, Wang Q, Zhao S, Salje H, Yu H. Dynamics of measles immunity from birth and following vaccination. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1676-1685. [PMID: 38740931 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Measles remains a major threat to human health despite widespread vaccination. While we know that maternal antibodies can impair vaccine-induced immunity, the relative contributions of pre-existing immunity levels, maternal and infant characteristics on vaccine responses remain unclear, hampering evidence-based vaccination policy development. Here we combine serological data from 1,505 individuals (aged 0-12 years) in a mother-infant cohort and in a child cohort with empirical models to reconstruct antibody trajectories from birth. We show that while highly heterogeneous across a population, measles antibody evolution is strongly predictive from birth at the individual level, including following vaccination. Further, we find that caesarean section births were linked with 2.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-6.37) increased odds of primary vaccine failure, highlighting the long-term immunological consequences of birth route. Finally, we use our new understanding of antibody evolution to critically assess the population-level consequences of different vaccination schedules, the results of which will allow country-level evaluations of vaccine policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qianli Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bougeard S, Huneau-Salaun A, Attia M, Richard JB, Demeret C, Platon J, Allain V, Le Vu S, Goyard S, Gillon V, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Crescenzo-Chaigne B, Jones G, Rose N, van der Werf S, Lantz O, Rose T, Noël H. Application of Machine Learning Prediction of Individual SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection Status to the French Serosurveillance Survey From March 2020 to 2022: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e46898. [PMID: 38015594 DOI: 10.2196/46898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the French population was estimated with a representative, repeated cross-sectional survey based on residual sera from routine blood testing. These data contained no information on infection or vaccination status, thus limiting the ability to detail changes observed in the immunity level of the population over time. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to predict the infected or vaccinated status of individuals in the French serosurveillance survey based only on the results of serological assays. Reference data on longitudinal serological profiles of seronegative, infected, and vaccinated individuals from another French cohort were used to build the predictive model. METHODS A model of individual vaccination or infection status with respect to SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a machine learning procedure was proposed based on 3 complementary serological assays. This model was applied to the French nationwide serosurveillance survey from March 2020 to March 2022 to estimate the proportions of the population that were negative, infected, vaccinated, or infected and vaccinated. RESULTS From February 2021 to March 2022, the estimated percentage of infected and unvaccinated individuals in France increased from 7.5% to 16.8%. During this period, the estimated percentage increased from 3.6% to 45.2% for vaccinated and uninfected individuals and from 2.1% to 29.1% for vaccinated and infected individuals. The decrease in the seronegative population can be largely attributed to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Combining results from the serosurveillance survey with more complete data from another longitudinal cohort completes the information retrieved from serosurveillance while keeping its protocol simple and easy to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bougeard
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental, Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Adeline Huneau-Salaun
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental, Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Mikael Attia
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- Data Support, Processing and Analysis Department, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Johnny Platon
- Data Support, Processing and Analysis Department, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Virginie Allain
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental, Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Sophie Goyard
- Diagnostic Test Innovation and Development Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Gabrielle Jones
- Infectious Disease Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental, Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Olivier Lantz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Rose
- Diagnostic Test Innovation and Development Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Harold Noël
- Infectious Disease Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
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O’Driscoll M, Buddhari D, Huang AT, Waickman A, Kaewhirun S, Iamsirithaworn S, Khampaen D, Farmer A, Fernandez S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Srikiatkhachorn A, Thomas S, Endy T, Rothman AL, Anderson K, Cummings DAT, Salje H. Maternally derived antibody titer dynamics and risk of hospitalized infant dengue disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308221120. [PMID: 37774093 PMCID: PMC10576102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308221120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants less than 1 y of age experience high rates of dengue disease in dengue virus (DENV) endemic countries. This burden is commonly attributed to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), whereby concentrations of maternally derived DENV antibodies become subneutralizing, and infection-enhancing. Understanding antibody-related mechanisms of enhanced infant dengue disease risk represents a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of antibodies and their imperfect measurement processes. Further, key uncertainties exist regarding the impact of long-term shifts in birth rates, population-level infection risks, and maternal ages on the DENV immune landscape of newborns and their subsequent risks of severe dengue disease in infancy. Here, we analyze DENV antibody data from two infant cohorts (N = 142 infants with 605 blood draws) and 40 y of infant dengue hospitalization data from Thailand. We use mathematical models to reconstruct maternally derived antibody dynamics, accounting for discretized measurement processes and limits of assay detection. We then explore possible antibody-related mechanisms of enhanced infant dengue disease risk and their ability to reconstruct the observed age distribution of hospitalized infant dengue cases. We find that ADE mechanisms are best able to reconstruct the observed data. Finally, we describe how the shifting epidemiology of dengue in Thailand, combined with declining birth rates, have decreased the absolute risk of infant dengue disease by 88% over a 40-y period while having minimal impact on the mean age of infant hospitalized dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Driscoll
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Angkana T. Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Adam Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Surachai Kaewhirun
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Sopon Iamsirithaworn
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Direk Khampaen
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Aaron Farmer
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI02903
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok10520, Thailand
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Timothy Endy
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Washington, DC20006
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI02903
| | - Kathryn Anderson
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | | | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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Inhaled particulate accumulation with age impairs immune function and architecture in human lung lymph nodes. Nat Med 2022; 28:2622-2632. [PMID: 36411343 PMCID: PMC9835154 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Older people are particularly susceptible to infectious and neoplastic diseases of the lung and it is unclear how lifelong exposure to environmental pollutants affects respiratory immune function. In an analysis of human lymph nodes (LNs) from 84 organ donors aged 11-93 years, we found a specific age-related decline in lung-associated, but not gut-associated, LN immune function linked to the accumulation of inhaled atmospheric particulate matter. Increasing densities of particulates were found in lung-associated LNs with age, but not in the corresponding gut-associated LNs. Particulates were specifically contained within CD68+CD169- macrophages, which exhibited decreased activation, phagocytic capacity, and altered cytokine production compared with non-particulate-containing macrophages. The structures of B cell follicles and lymphatic drainage were also disrupted in lung-associated LNs with particulates. Our results reveal that the cumulative effects of environmental exposure and age may compromise immune surveillance of the lung via direct effects on immune cell function and lymphoid architecture.
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Metcalf CJE, Paireau J, O'Driscoll M, Pivette M, Hubert B, Pontais I, Nickbakhsh S, Cummings DAT, Cauchemez S, Salje H. Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211498. [PMID: 35719888 PMCID: PMC9198511 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Comparing age and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and mortality with MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses, influenza and other health outcomes opens the way to generating hypotheses as to underlying mechanisms driving disease risk. Using 60-year-olds as a reference age group, we find that relative rates of hospitalization and mortality associated with the emergent coronaviruses are lower during childhood and start to increase earlier (around puberty) as compared with influenza and seasonal coronaviruses. The changing distribution of disease risk by age for emerging pathogens appears to broadly track the gradual deterioration of the immune system (immunosenescence), which starts around puberty. By contrast, differences in severe disease risk by age from endemic pathogens are more decoupled from the immune ageing process. Intriguingly, age-specific sex differences in hospitalizations are largely similar across endemic and emerging infections. We discuss potential mechanisms that may be associated with these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jessica E. Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, France
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | | | - Mathilde Pivette
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Hubert
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Isabelle Pontais
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, France
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sema Nickbakhsh
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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