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Lazarides N, Veldes GP, Frantzeskakis DJ, Kourakis I. Electrostatic wave interaction via asymmetric vector solitons as precursor to rogue wave formation in non-Maxwellian plasmas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2150. [PMID: 38272962 PMCID: PMC10810890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An asymmetric pair of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations has been derived through a multiscale perturbation method applied to a plasma fluid model, in which two wavepackets of distinct (carrier) wavenumbers ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and amplitudes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) are allowed to co-propagate and interact. The original fluid model was set up for a non-magnetized plasma consisting of cold inertial ions evolving against a [Formula: see text]-distributed electron background in one dimension. The reduction procedure resulting in the CNLS equations has provided analytical expressions for the dispersion, self-modulation and cross-coupling coefficients in terms of the two carrier wavenumbers. These coefficients present no symmetry whatsoever, in the general case (of different wavenumbers). The possibility for coupled envelope (vector soliton) solutions to occur has been investigated. Although the CNLS equations are asymmetric and non-integrable, in principle, the system admits various types of vector soliton solutions, physically representing nonlinear, localized electrostatic plasma modes, whose areas of existence is calculated on the wavenumbers' parameter plane. The possibility for either bright (B) or dark (D) type excitations for either of the (2) waves provides four (4) combinations for the envelope pair (BB, BD, DB, DD), if a set of explicit criteria is satisfied. Moreover, the soliton parameters (maximum amplitude, width) are also calculated for each type of vector soliton solution, in its respective area of existence. The dependence of the vector soliton characteristics on the (two) carrier wavenumbers and on the spectral index [Formula: see text] characterizing the electron distribution has been explored. In certain cases, the (envelope) amplitude of one component may exceed its counterpart (second amplitude) by a factor 2.5 or higher, indicating that extremely asymmetric waves may be formed due to modulational interactions among copropagating wavepackets. As [Formula: see text] decreases from large values, modulational instability occurs in larger areas of the parameter plane(s) and with higher growth rates. The distribution of different types of vector solitons on the parameter plane(s) also varies significantly with decreasing [Formula: see text], and in fact dramatically for [Formula: see text] between 3 and 2. Deviation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann picture therefore seems to favor modulational instability as a precursor to the formation of bright (predominantly) type envelope excitations and freak waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lazarides
- Department of Mathematics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Giorgos P Veldes
- Department of Physics, University of Thessaly, 35100, Lamia, Greece
| | - D J Frantzeskakis
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kourakis
- Department of Mathematics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
- Space & Planetary Science Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Hellenic Space Center, Leoforos Kifissias 178, Chalandri, 15231, Athens, Greece
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Guo L, Chen L, Mihalache D, He J. Dynamics of soliton interaction solutions of the Davey-Stewartson I equation. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014218. [PMID: 35193316 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we first modify the binary Darboux transformation to derive three types of soliton interaction solutions of the Davey-Stewartson I equation, namely the higher-order lumps, the localized rogue wave on a solitonic background, and the line rogue wave on a solitonic background. The uniform expressions of these solutions contain an arbitrary complex constant, which plays a key role in obtaining diverse interaction scenarios. The second-order dark-lump solution contains two hollows that undergo anomalous scattering after a head-on collision, and the minimum values of the two hollows evolve in time and reach the same asymptotic constant value 0 as t→±∞. The localized rogue wave on a solitonic background describes the occurrence of a waveform from the solitonic background, quickly evolving to a doubly localized wave, and finally retreating to the solitonic background. The line rogue wave on the solitonic background does not create an extreme wave at any instant of time, unlike the one on a constant background, which has a large amplitude at the intermediate time of evolution. For large t, the solitonic background has multiple parallel solitons possessing the same asymptotic velocities and heights. The obtained results improve our understanding of the generation mechanisms of rogue waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Guo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dumitru Mihalache
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Jingsong He
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
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Ye Y, Zhou Y, Chen S, Baronio F, Grelu P. General rogue wave solutions of the coupled Fokas-Lenells equations and non-recursive Darboux transformation. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20180806. [PMID: 31105455 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We formulate a non-recursive Darboux transformation technique to obtain the general nth-order rational rogue wave solutions to the coupled Fokas-Lenells system, which is an integrable extension of the noted Manakov system, by considering both the double-root and triple-root situations of the spectral characteristic equation. Based on the explicit fundamental and second-order rogue wave solutions, we demonstrate several interesting rogue wave dynamics, among which are coexisting rogue waves and anomalous Peregrine solitons. Our solutions are generalized to include the complete background-field parameters and therefore helpful for future experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ye
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Chen
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabio Baronio
- INO CNR and Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, Via Branze 38, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Philippe Grelu
- Laboratoire ICB, U.M.R. 6303 C.N.R.S., Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
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Liu TY, Chiu TL, Clarkson PA, Chow KW. A connection between the maximum displacements of rogue waves and the dynamics of poles in the complex plane. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:091103. [PMID: 28964137 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rogue waves of evolution systems are displacements which are localized in both space and time. The locations of the points of maximum displacements of the wave profiles may correlate with the trajectories of the poles of the exact solutions from the perspective of complex variables through analytic continuation. More precisely, the location of the maximum height of the rogue wave in laboratory coordinates (real space and time) is conjectured to be equal to the real part of the pole of the exact solution, if the spatial coordinate is allowed to be complex. This feature can be verified readily for the Peregrine breather (lowest order rogue wave) of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This connection is further demonstrated numerically here for more complicated scenarios, namely the second order rogue wave of the Boussinesq equation (for bidirectional long waves in shallow water), an asymmetric second order rogue wave for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (as evolution system for slowly varying wave packets), and a symmetric second order rogue wave of coupled Schrödinger systems. Furthermore, the maximum displacements in physical space occur at a time instant where the trajectories of the poles in the complex plane reverse directions. This property is conjectured to hold for many other systems, and will help to determine the maximum amplitudes of rogue waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - T L Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - P A Clarkson
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7FS, United Kingdom
| | - K W Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Rao J, Porsezian K, He J. Semi-rational solutions of the third-type Davey-Stewartson equation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:083115. [PMID: 28863505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
General dark solitons and mixed solutions consisting of dark solitons and breathers for the third-type Davey-Stewartson (DS-III) equation are derived by employing the bilinear method. By introducing the two differential operators, semi-rational solutions consisting of rogue waves, breathers, and solitons are generated. These semi-rational solutions are given in terms of determinants whose matrix elements have simple algebraic expressions. Under suitable parametric conditions, we derive general rogue wave solutions expressed in terms of rational functions. It is shown that the fundamental (simplest) rogue waves are line rogue waves. It is also shown that the multi-rogue waves describe interactions of several fundamental rogue waves, which would generate interesting curvy wave patterns. The higher order rogue waves originate from a localized lump and retreat back to it. Several types of hybrid solutions composed of rogue waves, breathers, and solitons have also been illustrated. Specifically, these semi-rational solutions have a new phenomenon: lumps form on dark solitons and gradual separation from the dark solitons is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Rao
- Department of Mathematics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jingsong He
- Department of Mathematics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
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Rogue Wave Modes for the Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger System with Three Components: A Computational Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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He J, Xu S, Porsezian K, Cheng Y, Dinda PT. Rogue wave triggered at a critical frequency of a nonlinear resonant medium. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062201. [PMID: 27415249 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We consider a two-level atomic system interacting with an electromagnetic field controlled in amplitude and frequency by a high intensity laser. We show that the amplitude of the induced electric field admits an envelope profile corresponding to a breather soliton. We demonstrate that this soliton can propagate with any frequency shift with respect to that of the control laser, except a critical frequency, at which the system undergoes a structural discontinuity that transforms the breather in a rogue wave. A mechanism of generation of rogue waves by means of an intense laser field is thus revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong He
- Department of Mathematics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Xu
- College of Mathematics Physics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - K Porsezian
- Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - P Tchofo Dinda
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS No. 6303, 9 Avenue A. Savary, B.P. 47 870, 21078 Dijon Cédex, France
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Chan HN, Malomed BA, Chow KW, Ding E. Rogue waves for a system of coupled derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:012217. [PMID: 26871083 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.012217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rogue waves (RWs) are unexpectedly strong excitations emerging from an otherwise tranquil background. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), a ubiquitous model with wide applications to fluid mechanics, optics, plasmas, etc., exhibits RWs only in the regime of modulation instability (MI) of the background. For a system of multiple waveguides, the governing coupled NLSEs can produce regimes of MI and RWs, even if each component has dispersion and cubic nonlinearity of opposite signs. A similar effect is demonstrated here for a system of coupled derivative NLSEs (DNLSEs) where the special feature is the nonlinear self-steepening of narrow pulses. More precisely, these additional regimes of MI and RWs for coupled DNLSEs depend on the mismatch in group velocities between the components, and the parameters for cubic nonlinearity and self-steepening. RWs considered in this paper differ from those of the NLSEs in terms of the amplification ratio and criteria of existence. Applications to optics and plasma physics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - B A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K W Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - E Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California 91702, USA
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Wu CF, Grimshaw RHJ, Chow KW, Chan HN. A coupled "AB" system: Rogue waves and modulation instabilities. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:103113. [PMID: 26520079 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rogue waves are unexpectedly large and localized displacements from an equilibrium position or an otherwise calm background. For the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) model widely used in fluid mechanics and optics, these waves can occur only when dispersion and nonlinearity are of the same sign, a regime of modulation instability. For coupled NLS equations, rogue waves will arise even if dispersion and nonlinearity are of opposite signs in each component as new regimes of modulation instability will appear in the coupled system. The same phenomenon will be demonstrated here for a coupled "AB" system, a wave-current interaction model describing baroclinic instability processes in geophysical flows. Indeed, the onset of modulation instability correlates precisely with the existence criterion for rogue waves for this system. Transitions from "elevation" rogue waves to "depression" rogue waves are elucidated analytically. The dispersion relation as a polynomial of the fourth order may possess double pairs of complex roots, leading to multiple configurations of rogue waves for a given set of input parameters. For special parameter regimes, the dispersion relation reduces to a cubic polynomial, allowing the existence criterion for rogue waves to be computed explicitly. Numerical tests correlating modulation instability and evolution of rogue waves were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - R H J Grimshaw
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K W Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H N Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Wang L, Zhu YJ, Qi FH, Li M, Guo R. Modulational instability, higher-order localized wave structures, and nonlinear wave interactions for a nonautonomous Lenells-Fokas equation in inhomogeneous fibers. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:063111. [PMID: 26117105 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the nonautonomous Lenells-Fokas (LF) model is investigated. The modulational instability analysis of the solutions with variable coefficients in the presence of a small perturbation is studied. Higher-order soliton, breather, earthwormon, and rogue wave solutions of the nonautonomous LF model are derived via the n-fold variable-coefficient Darboux transformation. The solitons and earthwormons display the elastic collisions. It is found that the nonautonomous LF model admits the higher-order periodic rogue waves, composite rogue waves (rogue wave pair), and oscillating rogue waves, whose dynamics can be controlled by the inhomogeneous nonlinear parameters. Based on the second-order rogue wave, a diamond structure consisting of four first-order rogue waves is observed. In addition, the semirational solutions (the mixed rational-exponential solutions) of the nonautonomous LF model are obtained, which can be used to describe the interactions between the rogue waves and breathers. Our results could be helpful for the design of experiments in the optical fiber communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhu
- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Qi
- School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Mathematics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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