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Kuşkun T, Kasal A, Çağlayan G, Ceylan E, Bulca M, Smardzewski J. Optimization of the Cross-Sectional Geometry of Auxetic Dowels for Furniture Joints. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2838. [PMID: 37049131 PMCID: PMC10096012 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the aim was to optimize the cross-sectional geometry of auxetic dowels for furniture joints. For this purpose, two different sizes of auxetic dowels were chosen, one for frame- and the other for panel-type furniture joints for designing the cross-sectional geometry. Auxetic patterns that are created on the cross-sectional area cause deficiency of the materials, and this phenomenon decreases the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and increases the member stress. Accordingly, maximum MOE values and minimum Poisson's ratio levels were determined for the optimum strength-auxetic behavior relation by means of a Monte Carlo method. Furthermore, Poisson's ratio of the optimized dowel's cross-section was confirmed with experimental tests, numerical analyses and analytical calculations. As a result, Poisson's ratio values were obtained as negative values and confirmed, which means the dowels designed in this study had auxetic behavior. In conclusion, it could be said that studies should be conducted on the performance of auxetic dowels in both frame and panel furniture joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Kuşkun
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Turkey; (A.K.); (G.Ç.)
| | - Ali Kasal
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Turkey; (A.K.); (G.Ç.)
| | - Gökhan Çağlayan
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Turkey; (A.K.); (G.Ç.)
| | - Erkan Ceylan
- Department of Furniture and Interior Design, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Murat Bulca
- Çilek Furniture Company, İnegöl 16420, Turkey;
| | - Jerzy Smardzewski
- Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
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2
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Metamaterial with Tunable Positive and Negative Hygrothermal Expansion Inspired by a Four-Fold Symmetrical Islamic Motif. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A metamaterial with controllable positive and negative thermal and hygroscopic expansions is investigated herein by inspiration from a range of Islamic geometric patterns. Constructing from eight pairs of pin-jointed Y-elements, each unit cell manifests eight rhombi that are arranged circumferentially, thereby manifesting four axes of symmetry. By attachment of bimaterial spiral springs of contrasting expansion coefficients to the far arms of the paired Y-elements, a change in the environment’s thermal or hygroscopic condition alters the offset angle of the paired Y-elements such that the unit cell of the metamaterial ranges from the eight-pointed star to the regular octagon. The effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the coefficient of moisture expansion (CME) of this metamaterial were developed for small and large changes in environmental fluctuations using infinitesimal and finite models, respectively. Generated data indicates that the sign and magnitude of the effective thermal and hygroscopic expansion coefficients can be controlled by geometrical descriptors of the bimaterial spiral spring—such as its coil number and the ratio of its mean radius to its thickness—as well as the properties of the bimaterial’s layers such as their expansion coefficients, Young’s moduli and, in the case of effective hygroscopic expansion, their relative absorptivity. The obtained results suggest that the proposed metamaterial can be designed to perform as highly sensitive thermal and/or moisture sensors, as well as other functional materials or devices that take advantage of environmental changes as stimuli.
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Singh S, Melnik R. Auxeticity in biosystems: an exemplification of its effects on the mechanobiology of heterogeneous living cells. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:521-535. [PMID: 34392740 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1965129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Auxeticity (negative Poisson's ratio) is the unique mechanical property found in an extensive variety of materials, such as metals, graphene, composites, polymers, foams, fibers, ceramics, zeolites, silicates and biological tissues. The enhanced mechanical features of the auxetic materials have motivated scientists to design, engineer and manufacture man-made auxetic materials to fully leverage their capabilities in different fields of research applications, including aeronautics, medical, protective equipments, smart sensors, filter cleaning, and so on. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation is one of the most widely used methods for characterizing the mechanical properties and response of the living cells. In this contribution, we highlight main consequences of auxeticity for biosystems and provide a representative example to quantify the effect of nucleus auxeticity on the force response of the embryonic stem cells. A parametric study has been conducted on a heterogeneous stem cell to evaluate the effect of nucleus diameter, nucleus elasticity, indenter's shape and location on the force-indentation curve. The developed model has also been validated with the recently reported experimental studies available in the literature. Our results suggest that the nucleus auxeticity plays a profound role in cell mechanics especially for large size nucleus. We also report the mechanical stresses induced within the hyperelastic cell model under different loading conditions that would be quite useful in decoding the interrelations between mechanical stimuli and cellular behavior of auxetic biosystems. Finally, current and potential areas of applications of our findings for regenerative therapies, tissue engineering, 3 D/4D bioprinting, and the development of meta-biomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,BCAM - Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Dudek KK, Drzewiński A, Kadic M. Self-rotating 3D chiral mechanical metamaterials. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that three-dimensional chiral mechanical metamaterials are able to self-twist and control their global rotation. We also discuss the possibility of adjusting the extent of the global rotation manifested by the system in a programmable manner. In addition, we show that the effect of the global rotation can be observed both for small systems composed of a single structural unit as well as more complex structures incorporating several structural elements connected to each other. Finally, it is discussed that the results presented in this work are very promising from the point of view of potential applications such as satellites or telescopes in space, where appropriately designed mechanical metamaterials could be used for the attitude control as well as other systems where the control of the rotational motion is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Dudek
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, ul. Szafrana 4a, 65-069 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - A. Drzewiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, ul. Szafrana 4a, 65-069 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - M. Kadic
- Institut FEMTO-ST, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
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Palumbo S, Carotenuto AR, Cutolo A, Owen DR, Deseri L, Fraldi M. Bulky auxeticity, tensile buckling and
deck-of-cards
kinematics emerging from structured continua. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex mechanical behaviours are generally met in macroscopically homogeneous media as effects of inelastic responses or as results of unconventional material properties, which are postulated or due to structural systems at the meso/micro-scale. Examples are strain localization due to plasticity or damage and metamaterials exhibiting negative Poisson’s ratios resulting from special porous, eventually buckling, sub-structures. In this work, through
ad hoc
conceived mechanical paradigms, we show that several non-standard behaviours can be obtained simultaneously by accounting for kinematical discontinuities, without invoking inelastic laws or initial voids. By allowing mutual sliding among rigid tesserae connected by pre-stressed hyperelastic links, we find several unusual kinematics such as localized shear modes and tensile buckling-induced instabilities, leading to
deck-of-cards
deformations—uncapturable with classical continuum models—and unprecedented ‘bulky’ auxeticity emerging from a densely packed, geometrically symmetrical ensemble of discrete units that deform in a chiral way. Finally, after providing some analytical solutions and inequalities of mechanical interest, we pass to the limit of an infinite number of tesserae of infinitesimal size, thus transiting from discrete to continuum, without the need to introduce characteristic lengths. In the light of the theory of structured deformations, this result demonstrates that the proposed architectured material is nothing else than the first biaxial paradigm of
structured continuum
—a body that projects, at the macroscopic scale, geometrical changes and disarrangements occurring at the level of its sub-macroscopic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Palumbo
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. R. Carotenuto
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Cutolo
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - D. R. Owen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Nonlinear Analysis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L. Deseri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Fraldi
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
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Kasal A, Kuşkun T, Smardzewski J. Experimental and Numerical Study on Withdrawal Strength of Different Types of Auxetic Dowels for Furniture Joints. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194252. [PMID: 32987710 PMCID: PMC7579455 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the application of the auxetic metamaterials and structures in furniture joints are very limited. However, they have huge potential for use in ready-to-assemble furniture. This study aimed to design and produce different types of auxetic dowels in 3D printing technology, and experimentally and numerically analyze the withdrawal strength of these dowels. In the scope of the study, 24 auxetic dowels with different types and size of inclusions, a different diameter of holes, and a non-auxetic reference dowel were designed and produced with appropriate muffs. Dowels were 3D printed from polyamide (PA12). Poisson's ratios, withdrawal strength, contact pressures, and friction coefficients of dowels were determined theoretically by means of numerical analyses and real static compression tests. After the pre-production of dowels, the dowels with triangular inclusions have not been found to have sufficient strength and stiffness. Withdrawal strength of dowels decreased as the size of inclusions is decreased, or dowel hole diameter is increased. Furthermore, contact pressures and stresses in auxetic dowels were considerably lower than non-auxetic dowels under the withdrawal force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kasal
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tolga Kuşkun
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey;
| | - Jerzy Smardzewski
- Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
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Cabras L, Brun M, Misseroni D. Micro-structured medium with large isotropic negative thermal expansion. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190468. [PMID: 31892835 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in nano- and micro-mechanics is the realization of innovative materials exploiting auxetic behaviour to tailor thermal expansion properties. For this purpose, a new class of micro-structured media possessing an extremely wide range of tunable (positive, negative or even zero) thermal expansion is proposed and analytically and experimentally assessed. For this class of isotropic Mechanical-Auxetic Thermal-Shrinking media, the effective coefficient of thermal expansion is explicitly linked to two microstructural variables via a simple relation, allowing the design with desired values. The theoretical predictions for the negative thermal properties are fully validated by the experimental and numerical outcomes. The simplicity of the proposed structure makes the design useful for the production of a new generation of advanced media, with applications ranging from micromechanical devices to large civil and space structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cabras
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Universitá di Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Michele Brun
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Universitá di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Diego Misseroni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Universitá di Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
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8
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Rayneau-Kirkhope D. Stiff auxetics: Hierarchy as a route to stiff, strong lattice based auxetic meta-materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12437. [PMID: 30127516 PMCID: PMC6102264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of analytic and computational methods, we examine the effect of adding hierarchical substructure to an auxetic lattice. Our novel methodology, involving a coarse grain approach, allows for the analysis of hierarchically sub-structured lattices where direct computation would prove intractable. We show that through hierarchy one can create ultra-lightweight auxetic meta-materials of high strength and stiffness. Through scaling law arguments, we show that the benefits of hierarchical design can also be obtained in the general class of bending-dominated lattices. Furthermore, we show that the hierarchical structures presented show a wide range of tailorability in their mechanical properties, and exhibit increased strength when optimised for buckling resistance. Auxetic materials have a broad range of potential applications, and thus the creation of ultra-light auxetic meta-materials with enhanced stiffness and strength is undoubtedly of practical importance.
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9
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Tanaka H, Hamada K, Shibutani Y. Transition mechanism for a periodic bar-and-joint framework with limited degrees of freedom controlled by uniaxial load and internal stiffness. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180139. [PMID: 30110423 PMCID: PMC6030267 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A specific periodic bar-and-joint framework with limited degrees of freedom is shown to have a transition mechanism when subjected to an external force. The static nonlinear elasticity of this framework under a uniaxial load is modelled with the two angular variables specifying the rotation and distortion of the linked square components. Numerically exploring the equilibrium paths then reveals a transition state of the structure at a critical value of the internal stiffness. A simplified formulation of the model with weak nonlinear terms yields an exact solution of its transition state. Load-displacement behaviour and stability for the two systems with or without approximation are analysed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Tanaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K. Hamada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Shibutani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Nanotechnology Program, Vietnam Japan University, Luu Huu Phuoc Street, My Dinh 1 Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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10
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Jiang Y, Li Y. 3D Printed Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial with Chiral Cells and Re-entrant Cores. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2397. [PMID: 29402940 PMCID: PMC5799406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the two basic deformation mechanisms for auxetic open-cell metamaterials, re-entrant angle and chirality, new hybrid chiral mechanical metamaterials are designed and fabricated via a multi-material 3D printer. Results from mechanical experiments on the 3D printed prototypes and systematic Finite Element (FE) simulations show that the new designs can achieve subsequential cell-opening mechanism under a very large range of overall strains (2.91%-52.6%). Also, the effective stiffness, the Poisson's ratio and the cell-opening rate of the new designs can be tuned in a wide range by tailoring the two independent geometric parameters: the cell size ratio [Formula: see text], and re-entrant angle θ. As an example application, a sequential particle release mechanism of the new designs was also systematically explored. This mechanism has potential application in drug delivery. The present new design concepts can be used to develop new multi-functional smart composites, sensors and/or actuators which are responsive to external load and/or environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824, USA
| | - Yaning Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824, USA.
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Borcea CS, Streinu I. New principles for auxetic periodic design. SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY 2017; 1:442-458. [PMID: 29214240 PMCID: PMC5713911 DOI: 10.1137/16m1088259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that, for any given dimension d ≥ 2, the range of distinct possible designs for periodic frameworks with auxetic capabilities is infinite. We rely on a purely geometric approach to auxetic trajectories developed within our general theory of deformations of periodic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian S Borcea
- Department of Mathematics, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Ileana Streinu
- Computer Science Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
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12
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Carta G, Cabras L, Brun M. Continuous and discrete microstructured materials with null Poisson's ratio. Ann Ital Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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