1
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Zhao Y, Sépulveda B, Descamps J, Faye F, Duque M, Esteve J, Santinacci L, Sojic N, Loget G, Léger Y. Near-IR Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence Imaging with Structured Silicon Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11722-11729. [PMID: 38393292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) imaging devices that convert IR irradiation (invisible to the human eye) to a visible signal are based on solid-state components. Here, we introduce an alternative concept based on light-addressable electrochemistry (i.e., electrochemistry spatially confined under the action of a light stimulus) that involves the use of a liquid electrolyte. In this method, the projection of a near-IR image (λexc = 850 or 840 nm) onto a photoactive Si-based photoanode, immersed into a liquid phase, triggers locally the photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) of the efficient [Ru(bpy)3]2+-TPrA system. This leads to the local conversion of near-IR light to visible (λPECL = 632 nm) light. We demonstrate that compared to planar Si photoanodes, the use of a micropillar Si array leads to a large enhancement of local light generation and considerably improves the resolution of the PECL image by preventing photogenerated minority carriers from diffusing laterally. These results are important for the design of original light conversion devices and can lead to important applications in photothermal imaging and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Borja Sépulveda
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Fatoumata Faye
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marcos Duque
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Yoan Léger
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
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2
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Urease-modified LAPS: Two-dimensional dynamic detection of enzymatic reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Meng Y, Chen F, Wu C, Krause S, Wang J, Zhang DW. Light-Addressable Electrochemical Sensors toward Spatially Resolved Biosensing and Imaging Applications. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1791-1807. [PMID: 35762514 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The light-addressable electrochemical sensor (LAES) is a recently emerged bioanalysis technique combining electrochemistry with the photoelectric effect in a semiconductor. In an LAES, a semiconductor substrate is illuminated locally to generate charge carriers in a well-defined area, thereby confining the electrochemical process to a target site. Benefiting from the unique light addressability, an LAES can not only detect multiple analytes in parallel within a single sensor plate but also act as a bio(chemical) imaging sensor to visualize the two-dimensional distribution of specific analytes. An LAES usually has three working modes: a potentiometric mode using light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) and an impedance mode using scanning photoinduced impedance microscopy (SPIM), while an amperometric mode refers to light-addressable electrochemistry (LAE) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing. In this review, we describe the detection principles of each mode of LAESs and the concept of light addressability. In addition, we highlight the recent progress and advance of LAESs in spatial resolution, sensor system design, multiplexed detection, and bio(chemical) imaging applications. An outlook on current research challenges and future prospects is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
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4
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Nii K, Inami W, Kawata Y. High Spatial Resolution Ion Imaging by Focused Electron-Beam Excitation with Nanometric Thin Sensor Substrate. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1112. [PMID: 35161857 PMCID: PMC8840732 DOI: 10.3390/s22031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high spatially-resolved ion-imaging system using focused electron beam excitation. In this system, we designed a nanometric thin sensor substrate to improve spatial resolution. The principle of pH measurement is similar to that of a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), however, here the focused electron beam is used as an excitation carrier instead of light. A Nernstian-like pH response with a pH sensitivity of 53.83 mV/pH and linearity of 96.15% was obtained. The spatial resolution of the imaging system was evaluated by applying a photoresist to the sensing surface of the ion-sensor substrate. A spatial resolution of 216 nm was obtained. We achieved a substantially higher spatial resolution than that reported in the LAPS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohisa Nii
- Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;
| | - Wataru Inami
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;
| | - Yoshimasa Kawata
- Graduate School of Medical Photonics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;
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5
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Zhou B, Das A, Zhong M, Guo Q, Zhang DW, Hing KA, Sobrido AJ, Titirici MM, Krause S. Photoelectrochemical imaging system with high spatiotemporal resolution for visualizing dynamic cellular responses. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113121. [PMID: 33706156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical imaging has great potential in the label-free investigation of cellular processes. Herein, we report a new fast photoelectrochemical imaging system (PEIS) for DC photocurrent imaging of live cells, which combines high speed with excellent lateral resolution and high photocurrent stability, which are all crucial for studying dynamic cellular processes. An analog micromirror was adopted to raster the sensor substrate, enabling high-speed imaging. α-Fe2O3 (hematite) thin films synthesized via electrodeposition were used as a robust substrate with high photocurrent and good spatial resolution. The capabilities of this system were demonstrated by monitoring cell responses to permeabilization with Triton X-100. The ability to carry out dynamic functional imaging of multiple cells simultaneously provides improved confidence in the data than could be achieved with the slower electrochemical single-cell imaging techniques described previously. When monitoring pH changes, the PEIS can achieve frame rates of 8 frames per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anirban Das
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Muchun Zhong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Karin A Hing
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ana Jorge Sobrido
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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6
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Wang J, Tian Y, Chen F, Chen W, Du L, He Z, Wu C, Zhang DW. Scanning Electrochemical Photometric Sensors for Label-Free Single-Cell Imaging and Quantitative Absorption Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9739-9744. [PMID: 32437169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new photoelectrochemical imaging method termed scanning electrochemical photometric sensor (SEPS) is proposed in this work. It was derived from light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) and scanning photoinduced impedance microscopy (SPIM) using a front-side laser illumination at a field-effect structure. When the laser beam scans across the sensor substrate, local photocurrent changes at inversion due to the light absorption of analytes can be recorded. It will be shown that SEPS could be used for label-free living cell imaging with micro-resolution as well as real-time quantitative absorption analysis, which would broaden the applications of traditional LAPS/SPIM from potentiometric/impedance measurements to local optical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yulan Tian
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liping Du
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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7
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Sassa F, Biswas GC, Suzuki H. Microfabricated electrochemical sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1358-1389. [PMID: 32129358 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides possibilities to realize smart microdevices of the next generation with high functionalities. Electrodes, which constitute major components of electrochemical devices, can be formed by various microfabrication techniques, and integration of the same (or different) components for that purpose is not difficult. Merging this technique with microfluidics can further expand the areas of application of the resultant devices. To augment the development of next generation devices, it will be beneficial to review recent technological trends in this field and clarify the directions required for moving forward. Even when limiting the discussion to electrochemical microdevices, a variety of useful techniques should be considered. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to provide an overview of all relevant techniques in this context in the hope that it can provide useful comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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8
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InGaN as a Substrate for AC Photoelectrochemical Imaging. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204386. [PMID: 31614420 PMCID: PMC6832470 DOI: 10.3390/s19204386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AC photoelectrochemical imaging at electrolyte–semiconductor interfaces provides spatially resolved information such as surface potentials, ion concentrations and electrical impedance. In this work, thin films of InGaN/GaN were used successfully for AC photoelectrochemical imaging, and experimentally shown to generate a considerable photocurrent under illumination with a 405 nm modulated diode laser at comparatively high frequencies and low applied DC potentials, making this a promising substrate for bioimaging applications. Linear sweep voltammetry showed negligible dark currents. The imaging capabilities of the sensor substrate were demonstrated with a model system and showed a lateral resolution of 7 microns.
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9
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Liang T, Qiu Y, Gan Y, Sun J, Zhou S, Wan H, Wang P. Recent Developments of High-Resolution Chemical Imaging Systems Based on Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors (LAPSs). SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194294. [PMID: 31623395 PMCID: PMC6806070 DOI: 10.3390/s19194294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor electrochemical sensor based on the field-effect which detects the variation of the Nernst potential on the sensor surface, and the measurement area is defined by illumination. Thanks to its light-addressability feature, an LAPS-based chemical imaging sensor system can be developed, which can visualize the two-dimensional distribution of chemical species on the sensor surface. This sensor system has been used for the analysis of reactions and diffusions in various biochemical samples. In this review, the LAPS system set-up, including the sensor construction, sensing and substrate materials, modulated light and various measurement modes of the sensor systems are described. The recently developed technologies and the affecting factors, especially regarding the spatial resolution and temporal resolution are discussed and summarized, and the advantages and limitations of these technologies are illustrated. Finally, the further applications of LAPS-based chemical imaging sensors are discussed, where the combination with microfluidic devices is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ying Gan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jiadi Sun
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shuqi Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai 200050, China.
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10
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Vogel YB, Gooding JJ, Ciampi S. Light-addressable electrochemistry at semiconductor electrodes: redox imaging, mask-free lithography and spatially resolved chemical and biological sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3723-3739. [PMID: 31143897 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial confinement of electrochemical reactions at solid/liquid interfaces is a mature area of research, and a central theme from cell biology to analytical chemistry. Monitoring or manipulating the kinetics of a charge transfer reaction in 2D is generally achieved using scanning electrochemical microscopy or multielectrode arrays, techniques that rely on moving physical probes or on a network of electrical connections. This tutorial is introducing concepts and instruments to confine faradaic electrochemical reactions in 2D without resorting to the mechanical movement of a probe, and with the simple design of one semiconducting electrode, one electrical lead and a single-channel potentiostat. We provide a theoretical background of semiconductor electrochemistry, and describe the use of localised visible light stimuli on photoconductor/liquid and semiconductor/liquid interfaces to address electrical conductivity - hence chemical reactivity - only at one specific site defined by the experimentalist. This enables shifting of the tenet of one electrode/one wire towards one wire/many electrodes. We discuss the applications of this emerging platform in the context of surface chemistry patterning, redox imaging, chemical and biological sensing, generating chemical gradients, electrocatalysis, nanotechnology and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan B Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Simone Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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11
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Wu F, Zhou B, Wang J, Zhong M, Das A, Watkinson M, Hing K, Zhang DW, Krause S. Photoelectrochemical Imaging System for the Mapping of Cell Surface Charges. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5896-5903. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Muchun Zhong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Anirban Das
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michael Watkinson
- The Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Karin Hing
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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12
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Tu Y, Ahmad N, Briscoe J, Zhang DW, Krause S. Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors Using ZnO Nanorods as the Sensor Substrate for Bioanalytical Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8708-8715. [PMID: 29932632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) are of great interest in bioimaging applications such as the monitoring of concentrations in microfluidic channels or the investigation of metabolic and signaling events in living cells. By measuring the photocurrents at electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) and electrolyte-semiconductor structures, LAPS can produce spatiotemporal images of chemical or biological analytes, electrical potentials and impedance. However, its commercial applications are often restricted by their limited AC photocurrents and resolution of LAPS images. Herein, for the first time, the use of 1D semiconducting oxides in the form of ZnO nanorods for LAPS imaging is explored to solve this issue. A significantly increased AC photocurrent with enhanced image resolution has been achieved based on ZnO nanorods, with a photocurrent of 45.7 ± 0.1 nA at a light intensity of 0.05 mW, a lateral resolution as low as 3.0 μm as demonstrated by images of a PMMA dot on ZnO nanorods and a pH sensitivity of 53 mV/pH. The suitability of the device for bioanalysis and bioimaging was demonstrated by monitoring the degradation of a thin poly(ester amide) film with the enzyme α-chymotrypsin using LAPS. This simple and robust route to fabricate LAPS substrates with excellent performance would provide tremendous opportunities for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tu
- Materials Research Institute and School of Engineering and Material Science , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Norlaily Ahmad
- Materials Research Institute and School of Engineering and Material Science , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom.,Centre of Foundation Studies , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil , 43800 Dengkil , Malaysia
| | - Joe Briscoe
- Materials Research Institute and School of Engineering and Material Science , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Materials Research Institute and School of Engineering and Material Science , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom.,Institute of Materials , China Academic of Engineering Physics , Jiangyou , 621908 , Sichuan , China
| | - Steffi Krause
- Materials Research Institute and School of Engineering and Material Science , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
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13
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Zhang DW, Wu F, Krause S. LAPS and SPIM Imaging Using ITO-Coated Glass as the Substrate Material. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8129-8133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Zhang
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
- Institute
of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou, 621908, Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Steffi Krause
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
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