1
|
Chapter VI Neurokinin receptors in the CNS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8196(00)80008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
2
|
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1973, the neuropeptide neurotensin has been demonstrated to be involved in the control of a broad variety of physiological activities in both the central nervous system and in the periphery. Pharmacological studies have shown that the biological effects elicited by neurotensin result from its specific binding to cell membrane neurotensin receptors that have been characterized in various tissue and in cell preparations. In addition, it is now well documented that most of these responses are subject to rapid desensitization. Such desensitization results in transient responses to sustained peptide applications, or to tachyphylaxis during successive stimulations in the same conditions. More recently, desensitization of neurotensin signalling was investigated at the cellular and molecular levels. In cultured cells, regulation at the second messenger level, receptor internalization, and receptor down-regulation processes have been reported. These are proposed to play a critical role in the control of cell responsiveness to neurotensin. This review aims to compile recent data on the different biochemical processes involved in the regulation of the neurotensin receptor and to discuss the physiological consequences of this regulation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hermans
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kimura H, Schubert D. Amyloid beta-protein activates tachykinin receptors and inositol trisphosphate accumulation by synergy with glutamate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:7508-12. [PMID: 7689220 PMCID: PMC47171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological function of the soluble form of the amyloid beta-protein (ABP) was examined by assaying its interaction with neuronal receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. ABP weakly activated tachykinin receptors, but in the presence of N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionate-type glutamate receptors ABP-induced responses were greatly enhanced. Glutamate and ABP together also induced accumulation of inositol trisphosphate and increases in intracellular Ca2+. These observations suggest that in the presence of glutamate, ABP can activate tachykinin receptors and phosphatidylinositol turnover. ABP may therefore act as a neuromodulatory peptide.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology
- 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/pharmacology
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Glutamates/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neurons/physiology
- Oocytes/metabolism
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, AMPA
- Receptors, Glutamate/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/biosynthesis
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Sodium/pharmacology
- Substance P/analogs & derivatives
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Xenopus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kimura
- Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186-5800
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matute C, Nguyen QT, Miledi R. mRNAs coding for neurotransmitter receptors in rabbit and rat visual areas. J Neurosci Res 1993; 35:652-63. [PMID: 8411267 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490350608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Levels of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors in the visual cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, and superior colliculus of the rabbit and rat, and properties of the receptors expressed, were studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes. mRNA extracted from these areas was injected into the oocytes, which then acquired functional receptors. Electrical recordings of neurotransmitter-induced membrane currents reflect the relative amounts of mRNAs encoding the corresponding receptors. Receptors to gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), kainate, glutamate, and serotonin exhibited uniformly high levels of expression, whereas expression of receptors to glycine and N-methyl-D-aspartate was uniformly low. In contrast, the expression of receptors to acetylcholine and substance P was highly non-uniform. Expression of acetylcholine receptors was high in oocytes injected with mRNA from the visual cortex, low for the lateral geniculate nucleus, and very low or absent for the superior colliculus. Conversely, the currents elicited by substance P were large in oocytes injected with superior colliculus mRNA, but were small or absent in oocytes injected with mRNAs from the other regions. Immunohistochemical analysis, at the light and electron microscopic levels, was used to localize choline acetyltransferase, the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, and substance P-containing synaptic boutons in the three visual areas. Their presence closely paralleled the potency of mRNAs coding for acetylcholine and substance P receptors. The ability of rat mRNA, from each visual area, to induce neurotransmitter receptors was similar to that observed in the corresponding rabbit mRNAs. In addition to the marked differential distribution of mRNA encoding neurotransmitter receptors in the visual system, our findings reveal the probable existence of as yet uncharacterized receptors, whose new molecular forms may be revealed by further study. Our results also provide the basic information required for subsequent studies on the effect of monocular deprivation on the expression of neurotransmitter receptors in the visual system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Matute
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- G R Uhl
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wahlestedt C. Strategies to detect heterologously expressed tachykinin receptors in Xenopus Oocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 632:116-22. [PMID: 1719860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Wahlestedt
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ragsdale DS, Miledi R. Expressional potency of mRNAs encoding receptors and voltage-activated channels in the postmortem rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:1854-8. [PMID: 1705710 PMCID: PMC51124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and integrity of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels in the postmortem rat brain was investigated by isolating poly(A)+ mRNA, injecting it into Xenopus oocytes, and then examining the expression of functional neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels in the oocyte membrane by electrophysiological recording. This approach was also used to assess the stability of mRNAs in brains that were incubated in oxygenated mammalian Ringer's solution for various lengths of time and from brains that were freshly frozen and then thawed at room temperature. Oocytes injected with mRNA from up to 21-hr postmortem brains gave large agonist- and voltage-activated responses, indicating that mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels are relatively stable in postmortem brain tissue. In contrast, oocytes injected with mRNA from brains incubated in Ringer's solution exhibited smaller responses, and oocytes injected with mRNA from tissue that was frozen and then thawed displayed very small or undetectable responses. Northern blot analysis using a nucleic acid probe for rat brain Na(+)-channel mRNA indicated that the size of the Na+ currents in injected oocytes reflected the levels of mRNA for Na+ channels in the different mRNA preparations. Thus, the expressional potency of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels is quite stable in postmortem brains in situ, but it is reduced if the brains are kept in oxygenated saline, and freezing and thawing of tissue results in rapid degeneration of mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Ragsdale
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taniyama K, Takeda K, Ando H, Tanaka C. Expression of the GABAB receptor in Xenopus oocytes and desensitization by activation of protein kinase C. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 287:413-20. [PMID: 1662013 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5907-4_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Taniyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Richter D, Meyerhof W, Buck F, Morley SD. Molecular biology of receptors for neuropeptide hormones. CURRENT TOPICS IN PATHOLOGY. ERGEBNISSE DER PATHOLOGIE 1991; 83:117-39. [PMID: 1848802 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75515-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Sigel E. Use of Xenopus oocytes for the functional expression of plasma membrane proteins. J Membr Biol 1990; 117:201-21. [PMID: 2231695 DOI: 10.1007/bf01868451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Sigel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meyerhof W, Schwärzt JR, Höllt V, Richter D. Expression of Histamine HReceptors in Xenopus Oocytes Injected with Messenger Ribonucleic Acid from Bovine Adrenal Medulla: Pertussis Toxin Insensitive Activation of Membrane Chloride Currents. J Neuroendocrinol 1990; 2:547-53. [PMID: 19215387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Histamine H(2)-receptors have been identified in Xenopus oocytes previously microinjected with poly(A) + ribonucleic acid from bovine adrenal glands. Bath application of histamine to ribonucleic acid-primed oocytes evoked concentration-dependent, oscillating membrane currents under voltage-clamp conditions. H(1)-receptor specific antagonists clemastine, doxepin, pyrilamine, promethacine, diphenylhydramine, dephenylpyraline and chlorpheniramine, but not H(2)-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, inhibited histamine-induced responses. Membrane currents evoked by bath-applied histamine were insensitive to pertussis toxin, carried by chloride ions and dependent on intracellular but not extracellular calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Meyerhof
- Institut für Zellbiochemie und klinische Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, UKE, Martinistr. 52, D-2000 Hamburg 20, FRG
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Williams JA, McChesney DJ, Calayag MC, Lingappa VR, Logsdon CD. Expression of receptors for cholecystokinin and other Ca2+-mobilizing hormones in Xenopus oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:4939-43. [PMID: 2898786 PMCID: PMC280553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK) and other similar acting Ca2+-mobilizing hormones was studied in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Poly(A)+ RNA was prepared from pancreatic AR42J cells, which normally express receptors for CCK and bombesin and the RNA injected into oocytes. The presence of these pancreatic receptors on the oocytes was then demonstrated by hormone-induced mobilization of 45Ca2+. CCK receptors were present 1 day (maximum, 2 days) after injection of RNA and were generally proportional to the amount of poly(A)+ RNA injected (1-50 ng). Oocyte CCK receptors retained selectivity for CCK analogs (CCK8 greater than unsulfated CCK8 greater than CCK4) and were blocked by the specific CCK receptor antagonist CR 1409. When poly(A)+ RNA was subjected to size fractionation on sucrose gradients, activity-inducing CCK receptors showed a single peak centered at 3 kilobases. The generality of this oocyte system for expressing Ca2+-mobilizing hormone receptors was further shown by expression of a response to bombesin after injection of AR42J cell RNA and a response to vasopressin and angiotensin II when poly(A)+ RNA from rat liver was injected. No response to CCK was demonstrable after injection of liver RNA, demonstrating the specificity of this assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parker I, Sumikawa K, Miledi R. Responses to GABA, glycine and beta-alanine induced in Xenopus oocytes by messenger RNA from chick and rat brain. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1988; 233:201-16. [PMID: 2898147 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1988.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (A)+ messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from rat and chick brains, and injected into oocytes of Xenopus laevis. This led to the expression of receptors that evoked membrane currents in response to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine and beta-alanine. These currents all inverted at about the chloride equilibrium potential in the oocyte, and showed a marked rectification at negative potentials. Oocytes injected with mRNA from chick optic lobe gave large responses to GABA and beta-alanine, but small responses to glycine. In contrast, one fraction of mRNA from rat cerebral cortex (obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation) caused oocytes to develop sensitivity to GABA, glycine and beta-alanine, but very little to GABA. The pharmacological properties of the three amino acid responses also differed. Barbiturate and benzodiazepines potentiated the responses to GABA and beta-alanine, but not to glycine. Strychnine reduced the responses to glycine and beta-alanine, but not to GABA, whereas bicuculline reduced the responses to GABA and beta-alanine, but not to glycine. We conclude that different species of mRNA code for receptors to GABA and glycine, and possibly also for separate beta-alanine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Parker
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parker I, Sumikawa K, Miledi R. Activation of a common effector system by different brain neurotransmitter receptors in Xenopus oocytes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1987; 231:37-45. [PMID: 2888117 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1987.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus oocytes possess 'native' muscarinic receptors, which give rise to oscillatory chloride currents; similar responses are elicited by activation of foreign receptors to serotonin, glutamate and noradrenaline, expressed in oocytes after injection of messenger RNA from rat brain. When low concentrations of two agonists are applied together, the combined response is greater than would be expected from the sum of the responses to each agonist applied alone. Potentiation of acetylcholine by serotonin is blocked by the serotonin antagonist methysergide; conversely, the potentiation of serotonin by acetylcholine is blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. This indicates that each agonist acts on a distinct receptor. The interactions between serotonin, acetylcholine and other agonists provide further evidence that the different receptors may all 'link in' to a common receptor-channel coupling system, in which phosphoinositide metabolism and calcium liberation lead to the opening of chloride channels in the oocyte membrane.
Collapse
|