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Dufresne F, Hebert PDN. Temperature-related differences in life-history characteristics between diploid and polyploid clones of the Daphnia pulex complex. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.1998.11682481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Rautio M, Dufresne F, Laurion I, Bonilla S, Vincent WF, Christoffersen KS. Shallow freshwater ecosystems of the circumpolar Arctic. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/18-3-3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Rautio
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada,
| | - France Dufresne
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, chimie, géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laurion
- Centre d'études nordiques and INRS—Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Bonilla
- Grupo de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton, Sección Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias, 11400-Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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3
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Przytulska A, Bartosiewicz M, Rautio M, Dufresne F, Vincent WF. Climate Effects on High Latitude Daphnia via Food Quality and Thresholds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126231. [PMID: 25970289 PMCID: PMC4430472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is proceeding rapidly at high northern latitudes and may have a variety of direct and indirect effects on aquatic food webs. One predicted effect is the potential shift in phytoplankton community structure towards increased cyanobacterial abundance. Given that cyanobacteria are known to be a nutritionally poor food source, we hypothesized that such a shift would reduce the efficiency of feeding and growth of northern zooplankton. To test this hypothesis, we first isolated a clone of Daphnia pulex from a permafrost thaw pond in subarctic Québec, and confirmed that it was triploid but otherwise genetically similar to a diploid, reference clone of the same species isolated from a freshwater pond in southern Québec. We used a controlled flow-through system to investigate the direct effect of temperature and indirect effect of subarctic picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus) on threshold food concentrations and growth rate of the high latitude clone. We also compared the direct effect of temperature on both Daphnia clones feeding on eukaryotic picoplankton (Nannochloropsis). The high latitude clone had a significantly lower food threshold for growth than the temperate clone at both 18 and 26°C, implying adaptation to lower food availability even under warmer conditions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in the picoeukaryote but not the cyanobacterium, confirming the large difference in food quality. The food threshold for growth of the high latitude Daphnia was 3.7 (18°C) to 4.2 (26°C) times higher when fed Synechococcus versus Nannochloropsis, and there was also a significant negative effect of increased temperature and cyanobacterial food on zooplankton fatty acid content and composition. The combined effect of temperature and food quality on the performance of the high latitude Daphnia was greater than their effects added separately, further indicating the potentially strong indirect effects of climate warming on aquatic food web processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przytulska
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Maciej Bartosiewicz
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Biology, Chemistry and Geography Department, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Sandrock C, Vorburger C. Single-Locus Recessive Inheritance of Asexual Reproduction in a Parasitoid Wasp. Curr Biol 2011; 21:433-7. [PMID: 21353557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sandrock
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Faustová M, Sacherová V, Sheets HD, Svensson JE, Taylor DJ. Coexisting cyclic parthenogens comprise a holocene species flock in Eubosmina. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11623. [PMID: 20661283 PMCID: PMC2905414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed breeding systems with extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment are widespread in nature but often thought to impede the formation of discrete evolutionary clusters. Thus, cyclic parthenogens, such as cladocerans and rotifers, could be predisposed to "species problems" and a lack of discrete species. However, species flocks have been proposed for one cladoceran group, Eubosmina, where putative species are sympatric, and there is a detailed paleolimnological record indicating a Holocene age. These factors make the Eubosmina system suitable for testing the hypotheses that extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment inhibit speciation. Although common garden experiments have revealed a genetic component to the morphotypic variation, the evolutionary significance of the morphotypes remains controversial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, we tested the hypothesis of a single polymorphic species (i.e., mixing occurs but selection maintains genes for morphology) in four northern European lakes where the morphotypes coexist. Our evidence is based on nuclear DNA sequence, mitochondrial DNA sequence, and morphometric analysis of coexisting morphotypes. We found significant genetic differentiation, genealogical exclusivity, and morphometric differentiation for coexisting morphotypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the studied morphotypes represent a group of young species undergoing speciation with apparent reproductive barriers despite coexistence in the freshwater pelagic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Faustová
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
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6
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Differential survival among genotypes of Daphnia pulex differing in reproductive mode, ploidy level, and geographic origin. Evol Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-009-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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KOTOV ALEXEYA, ISHIDA SEIJI, TAYLOR DEREKJ. Revision of the genusBosminaBaird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zool J Linn Soc 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Genetic variation in the popular lab worm Lumbriculus variegatus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) reveals cryptic speciation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 51:182-9. [PMID: 19141324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus from Europe, North America and Japan was studied by sequencing and analysing the mitochondrial 16S and COI genes, and the nuclear ITS region. What hitherto has been regarded as L. variegatus was found to consist of at least two distinct clades (I and II), both of which occur in Europe as well as North America (clade I also in Japan). Specimens from a single locality in Sierra Nevada, California, also morphologically identified as L. variegatus, represent a third clade, which appears to be more closely related to clade II than to clade I, based on 16S data only. Average COI genetic distances were 17.7% between clades I and II, 0.6% within clade I, and 1.3% within clade II. Further, for these two clades, the mitochondrial (16S and COI) gene trees, which consider only the maternal lineages, are congruent with the ITS gene tree, which is the result of recombinations of paternal as well as maternal genomes. Finally, chromosome counts revealed clade I specimens to be highly polyploid, and clade II specimens to be diploid. We therefore conclude that clades I-II are separately evolving lineages, and that they should be regarded as separate species. This will have to be taken into account in the continued use of L. variegatus as a model organism in biological sciences.
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João Fernandes Martins M, Vandekerkhove J, Namiotko T. Environmental stability and the distribution of the sexes: insights from life history experiments with the geographic parthenogen Eucypris virens
(Crustacea: Ostracoda). OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Luttikhuizen PC, Stift M, Kuperus P, VAN Tienderen PH. Genetic diversity in diploid vs. tetraploidRorippa amphibia(Brassicaceae). Mol Ecol 2007; 16:3544-53. [PMID: 17845429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of polyploidy increases with latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in deglaciated, recently colonized areas. The cause or causes of this pattern are largely unknown, but a greater genetic diversity of individual polyploid plants due to a doubled genome and/or a hybrid origin is seen as a likely factor underlying selective advantages related to life in extreme climates and/or colonization ability. A history of colonization in itself, as well as a recent origin, and possibly a limited number of polyploidization events would all predict less genetic diversity in polyploids than in diploids. The null hypothesis of higher gene diversity in polyploids has to date hardly been quantified and is here tested in self-incompatible Rorippa amphibia (Brassicaceae). The species occurs in diploid and tetraploid forms and displays clear geographical polyploidy in Europe. On the basis of eight microsatellite loci it can be concluded that the level of gene diversity is higher in tetraploids than in diploids, to an extent that is expected under neutral evolution when taking into account the larger effective population size in the doubled cytotype. There is thus no evidence for reduced genetic diversity in the tetraploids. The evidence presented here may mean that the tetraploids' origin is not recent, has not been affected by bottlenecks and/or that tetraploids were formed multiple times while an effect of introgression may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieternella C Luttikhuizen
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Experimental Plant Systematics, PO Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Kearney M. Hybridization, glaciation and geographical parthenogenesis. Trends Ecol Evol 2005; 20:495-502. [PMID: 16701426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic organisms are all female and reproduce clonally. The transition from sex to parthenogenesis is frequently associated with a major change in geographical distribution, often biasing parthenogenetic lineages towards environments that were severely affected by the glacial cycles of the Late Pleistocene. It is difficult to interpret these patterns as arising simply as a result of selection for the demographic effects of parthenogenesis because many parthenogenetic organisms are also hybrids. Here, I argue that many cases of geographical parthenogenesis might be best seen as part of a broader pattern of hybrid advantage in new and open environments. Parthenogenesis in these cases could have a more secondary role of stabilizing strongly selected hybrid genotypes. In this context, geographical parthenogenesis might tell us more about the role of hybridization in evolution than about the role of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kearney
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Taylor DJ, Sprenger HL, Ishida S. Geographic and phylogenetic evidence for dispersed nuclear introgression in a daphniid with sexual propagules. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:525-37. [PMID: 15660943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of among-species gene flow in eukaryotic evolution remains controversial. Putative hybrid lineages are common in water fleas, but their ecological success is often associated with polyploidy and the production of asexual propagules. Advanced hybrid lineages with sexual propagules are expected to be geographically restricted because their successful dispersal is contingent on overcoming fertility complications, assimilation by parent taxa, and competition with parent taxa. Here we provide evidence that a diploid lineage of Daphnia has been formed by introgression between distantly related species and attained a broad distribution (Nearctic) despite its requirement for sexual propagules. The evidence is based on geographical discordance, phylogenetic discordance, recombinant genotypes and additive genotypes of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and mitochondrial DNA. Additive genotypes also provided evidence of hybridization between introduced European Daphnia and North American Daphnia. We argue that the unique biology of Holarctic lacustrine water fleas and the spatial separation of lineages during Pleistocene glaciation have promoted hybridization and its evolutionary consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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Haney RA, Taylor DJ. Testing paleolimnological predictions with molecular data: the origins of Holarctic Eubosmina. J Evol Biol 2003; 16:871-82. [PMID: 14635902 DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zooplankton of the family Bosminidae have a unique paleolimnological record in many Holarctic lakes that provides a near continuous record of morphological change for thousands of years. If this morphological change could be interpreted reliably, then a rarely achieved direct observation of macroevolution would be feasible. We tested paleolimnological predictions derived from morphological variation found in the genus Eubosmina using mtDNA and nuclear DNA sequence variation from geographically distant Holarctic sites. The mtDNA and nDNA trees were congruent but genetic divergence was inversely associated with morphological divergence. The three most genetically divergent groups belonged to Eubosmina longispina, whose phylogeography and genetic divergence was consistent with glacial vicariance. The genetic evidence also supported the hypothesis that at least two Nearctic species were recent European introductions. Finally, the genetic evidence was consistent with paleolimnology in the finding of several proposed species undergoing rapid morphological evolution and being post-glacially derived from European E. longispina. The results suggested that lacustrine bosminids are susceptible to geographic speciation processes, and that morphological interpretation of diversity in paleolimnology can be markedly improved by genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Haney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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15
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Adamowicz SJ, Gregory TR, Marinone MC, Hebert PDN. New insights into the distribution of polyploid Daphnia: the Holarctic revisited and Argentina explored. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:1209-17. [PMID: 12074728 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that polyploid organisms are more prevalent in arctic than in temperate environments. Past explanations for this geographical trend have focused on the role of glacial cycles in generating polyploids and the influence of abiotic factors in favouring polyploidy in the north. In combination, these mechanisms probably suffice to explain the observed geographical cline in ploidy levels in members of the Daphnia pulex complex in the Holarctic. While only diploid members of the D. pulex complex are found in the temperate regions of North America and Europe, allozyme and DNA quantification analyses indicate that the southern Argentine pulex-complex fauna is dominated by polyploids. Indeed, the present study is the first to document the presence of polyploid members of the D. pulex complex in any temperate climate. The results of phylogeographic analyses suggest that this difference in polyploid distribution between the northern and southern hemispheres is based more on ecological and historical contingencies than direct selection for polyploidy. Specifically, competition with diploid relatives probably limits the lower latitudinal range of polyploids in the north, but appears not to have occurred in Argentina. Because of these differences, the present study provides important insights into the diverse factors that determine the distributions and evolutionary fates of polyploid organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Adamowicz
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Sasaki A, Hamilton WD, Ubeda F. Clone mixtures and a pacemaker: new facets of Red-Queen theory and ecology. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:761-72. [PMID: 11958707 PMCID: PMC1690956 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite antagonistic interaction has been proposed as a potential agent to promote genetic polymorphism and to favour sex against asex, despite its twofold cost in reproduction. However, the host-parasite gene-for-gene dynamics often produce unstable cycles that tend to destroy genetic diversity. Here, we examine such diversity destroying coevolutionary dynamics of host and parasite, which is coupled through local or global migration, or both, between demes in a metapopulation structure. We show that, with global migration in the island model, peculiar out-of-phase islands spontaneously arise in the cluster of islands converging to a global synchrony. Such asynchrony induced by the 'pacemaker islands' serves to restore genetic variation. With increasing fraction of local migration, spots of asynchrony are converted into loci or foci of spiral and target patterns, whose rotating arms then cover the majority of demes. A multi-locus analogue of the model reproduces the same tendency toward asynchrony, and the condition arises for an advantage of asexual clones over their sexual counterpart when enough genetic diversity is maintained through metapopulation storage-migration serves as a cheap alternative to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasaki
- Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan.
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17
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Cywinska A, Hebert PDN. Origins of clonal diversity in the hypervariable asexual ostracode Cypridopsis vidua. J Evol Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Hebert PD, Finston TL. Macrogeographic patterns of breeding system diversity in the Daphnia pulex group from the United States and Mexico. Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 87:153-61. [PMID: 11703505 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the biogeographical patterning of reproductive systems promise to extend understanding of the factors which modulate breeding system transitions. Two closely allied cladoceran crustaceans, Daphnia pulex and D. pulicaria, show varied modes of reproduction, with populations reproducing by either cyclic or obligate parthenogenesis. Prior studies have provided a detailed understanding of their breeding system diversity in the polar and cold temperate regions of North America. The present investigation extends this analysis, characterizing breeding systems and clonal diversity at sites throughout the United States and Mexico. Genotypic diversity in these southern areas was high, but only diploids were detected, indicating that polyploids are restricted to the north. F(1) hybrids and their two parental species were present in most areas, although their frequencies varied geographically. Hybrids invariably reproduced by obligate asexuality, but both parental taxa showed regional shifts in their breeding system. The complexity of these latter patterns suggests that they reflect the interplay of historical factors and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Hebert
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2 W1.
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19
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Hebert PDN, Wilson CC. Diversity of the genus Daphniopsis in the saline waters of Australia. CAN J ZOOL 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/z99-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although members of the cladoceran genus Daphniopsis form a dominant element of the fauna in the saline inland waters of Australia, their taxonomy has been in flux. In this study allozyme analysis was employed to examine the diversity, distributions, and reproductive biology of species in this genus. The results establish that D. pusilla, a species formerly thought to be widespread, is restricted to Western Australia, while a newly described species, D. truncata, which shares the attribute of producing a one-egged ephippium, is broadly distributed. The results of this study verify the taxonomic validity of the three recognized species of Daphniopsis, which produce two-egged ephippia, but another member of this group, D. wardi, is described from Western Australia. All populations were found to reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis, except for one obligately asexual population of D. pusilla × D. truncata hybrids. No other case of hybridization was detected, although two species co-occurred in 15% of habitats. The six species of Daphniopsis now known from Australia appear to represent another example of an endemic radiation in the saline lakes of this continent.
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Taylor DJ, Crease TJ, Brown WM. Phylogenetic evidence for a single long-lived clade of crustacean cyclic parthenogens and its implications for the evolution of sex. Proc Biol Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNYat Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Teresa J Crease
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W
| | - Wesley M. Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1048, USA
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