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Ansai S, Hiraki-Kajiyama T, Ueda R, Seki T, Yokoi S, Katsumura T, Takeuchi H. The Medaka Approach to Evolutionary Social Neuroscience. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00125-1. [PMID: 39481546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Previously, the integration of comparative biological and neuroscientific approaches has led to significant advancements in social neuroscience. This review elucidates the potential and future directions of evolutionary social neuroscience research utilizing medaka fishes (the family Adrianichthyidae) including Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We focus on medaka's social cognitive capabilities and mate choice behavior, particularly emphasizing mate preference using visual cues. Medaka fishes are also advantageous due to their abundant genetic resources, extensive genomic information, and the relative ease of laboratory breeding and genetic manipulation. Here we present some research examples of both the conventional neuroscience approach and evolutionary approach involving medaka fishes and other species. We also discuss the prospects of uncovering the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the diversity of visual mate preference among species. Especially, we introduce that the single-cell transcriptome technology, particularly in conjunction with 'Adaptive Circuitry Census', is an innovative tool that bridges comparative biological methods and neuroscientific approaches. Evolutionary social neuroscience research using medaka has the potential to unveil fundamental principles in neuroscience and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for generating diversity in mating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ansai
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, 701-4303, Japan.
| | | | - Ryutaro Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takahide Seki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Saori Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0808, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Japan.
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2
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Riley RJ, Gillie ER, Savage JL, Manica A, Boogert NJ. Familiarity, personality, and foraging performance in three-spined sticklebacks. Behav Processes 2022; 200:104699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Blonder AF, Tarvin KA. Male zebrafish (Danio rerio) do not preferentially associate with familiar over unfamiliar conspecifics. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1025-1032. [PMID: 35138635 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of several shoaling species have been shown to prefer to associate with familiar individuals, enhancing the benefits of aggregation. The authors used a series of social preference tasks in the laboratory to evaluate whether prior familiarity with potential partners influences preference of shoaling partner in male zebrafish (Danio rerio), a social species found in shallow, slow-moving waters. The authors found that though male zebrafish exhibited a strong preference for shoaling with a male conspecific as opposed to remaining alone, they exhibited no preference for familiar over unfamiliar conspecifics. This suggests that the benefits of familiarity for shoaling behaviour may not be as important for male zebrafish as has been shown in other social fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith A Tarvin
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
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4
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Ward AJW, Kent MIA, Webster MM. Social Recognition and Social Attraction in Group-Living Fishes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Riley RJ, Gillie ER, Horswill C, Johnstone RA, Boogert NJ, Manica A. Coping with strangers: how familiarity and active interactions shape group coordination in Corydoras aeneus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190587. [PMID: 31598295 PMCID: PMC6774991 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social groups composed of familiar individuals exhibit better coordination than unfamiliar groups; however, the ways familiarity contributes to coordination are poorly understood. Prior social experience probably allows individuals to learn the tendencies of familiar group-mates and respond accordingly. Without prior experience, individuals would benefit from strategies for enhancing coordination with unfamiliar others. We used a social catfish, Corydoras aeneus, that uses discrete, observable tactile interactions to assess whether active interactions could facilitate coordination, and how their role might be mediated by familiarity. We describe this previously understudied physical interaction, 'nudges', and show it to be associated with group coordination and cohesion. Furthermore, we investigated nudging and coordination in familiar/unfamiliar pairs. In all pairs, we found that nudging rates were higher during coordinated movements than when fish were together but not coordinating. We observed no familiarity-based difference in coordination or cohesion. Instead, unfamiliar pairs exhibited significantly higher nudging rates, suggesting that unfamiliar pairs may be able to compensate for unfamiliarity through increased nudging. By contrast, familiar individuals coordinated with comparatively little nudging. Second, we analysed nudging and cohesion within triplets of two familiar and one unfamiliar individual (where familiar individuals had a choice of partner). Although all individuals nudged at similar rates, the unfamiliar group-mate was less cohesive than its familiar group-mates and spent more time alone. Unfamiliar individuals that nudged their group-mates more frequently exhibited higher cohesion, indicating that nudging may facilitate cohesion for the unfamiliar group-mate. Overall, our results suggest that nudges can mitigate unfamiliarity, but that their usage is reduced in the case of familiar individuals, implying a cost is associated with the behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riva J. Riley
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillie
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Cat Horswill
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Neeltje J. Boogert
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
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6
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Dellinger M, Zhang W, Bell AM, Hellmann JK. Do male sticklebacks use visual and/or olfactory cues to assess a potential mate's history with predation risk? Anim Behav 2018; 145:151-159. [PMID: 31666748 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential allocation occurs when individuals alter their reproductive investment based on their mate's traits. A previous study showed that male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, reduced courtship towards females that had previously been exposed to predation risk compared to unexposed females. This suggests that males can detect a female's previous history with predation risk, but the mechanisms by which males assess a female's history are unknown. To determine whether males use chemical and/or visual cues to detect a female's previous history with predation risk, we compared rates of courtship behaviour in the presence of visual and/or olfactory cues of predator-exposed females versus unexposed females in a 2×2 factorial design. We found that males differentiate between unexposed and predator-exposed females using visual cues: regardless of the olfactory cues present, males performed fewer zigzags (a conspicuous courtship behaviour) when they were exposed to visual cues from predator-exposed females compared to unexposed females. However, males' response to olfactory cues changed over the course of the experiment: initially, males performed fewer courtship displays when they received olfactory cues of predator-exposed females compared to unexposed females, but they did not discriminate between cues from predator-exposed and unexposed females later in the experiment. A follow-up experiment found that levels of cortisol released by both predator-exposed and unexposed females decreased over the course of the experiment. If cortisol is linked to or correlated with olfactory cues of predation risk that are released by females, then this suggests that the olfactory cues became less potent over the course of the experiment. Altogether, these results suggest that males use both visual and olfactory cues to differentiate between unexposed and predator-exposed females, which may help ensure reliable communication in a noisy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dellinger
- COMUE Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of veterinary medicine and food sciences
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Alison M Bell
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.,Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
| | - Jennifer K Hellmann
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Woods RD, Kings M, McIvor GE, Thornton A. Caller characteristics influence recruitment to collective anti-predator events in jackdaws. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7343. [PMID: 29743545 PMCID: PMC5943305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, examples abound of individuals coming together to repel external threats. When such collective actions are initiated by recruitment signals, individuals may benefit from being selective in whom they join, so the identity of the initiator may determine the magnitude of the group response. However, the role of signaller discrimination in coordinating group-level responses has yet to be tested. Here we show that in wild jackdaws, a colonial corvid species, collective responses to anti-predator recruitment calls are mediated by caller characteristics. In playbacks next to nestboxes, the calls of nestbox residents attracted most recruits, followed in turn by other colony members, non-colony members and rooks (a sympatric corvid). Playbacks in fields outside nestbox colonies, where the immediate threat to broods was lower, showed similar results, with highest recruitment to nearby colony members’ calls. Responses were further influenced by caller sex: calls from non-colony member females were less likely to elicit responsive scolding by recruits than other calls, potentially reflecting social rank associated with sex and colony membership. These results show that vocal discrimination mediates jackdaws’ collective responses and highlight the need for further research into the cognitive basis of collective actions in animal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Woods
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Michael Kings
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Guillam E McIvor
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Alex Thornton
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK.
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9
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Dzieweczynski TL, Greaney NE, Portrais KB, Stevens MA. I remember you: female Siamese fighting fish recognise prior social partners. BEHAVIOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognising social partners allows individuals to establish social networks with one another, informs mating decisions, and decreases energy expenditure. Studies rarely examine if females have this ability outside of mate choice. Additionally, it is unknown if familiarity differs when females encounter females versus males. Female Siamese fighting fish were placed into one of six treatment groups that differed based on the sex of the interactant (female or male) and experience (familiar, unfamiliar or no previous exposure). In both female–female and female–male interactions, less behaviour was performed towards familiar individuals. However, the degree to which familiarity had an effect differed depending on the sex of the interactant and the behaviour measured. Familiarity may serve an important function if it increases an individual’s ability to remember the outcome of prior encounters and use this information in later encounters with the same individual. To fully understand social dynamics, both sexes must be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Dzieweczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Nicole E. Greaney
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Kelley B. Portrais
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Megan A. Stevens
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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Barbosa M, Camacho-Cervantes M, Ojanguren AF. Phenotype Matching and Early Social Conditions Affect Shoaling and Exploration Decisions. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barbosa
- CESAM; Department of Biology; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
- Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews UK
| | | | - Alfredo F. Ojanguren
- Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews UK
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Kleinhappel TK, Al-Zoubi A, Al-Diri B, Burman O, Dickinson P, John L, Wilkinson A, Pike TW. A method for the automated long-term monitoring of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus shoal dynamics. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1228-1233. [PMID: 24588757 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and evaluates a flexible, non-invasive tagging system for the automated identification and long-term monitoring of individual three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. The system is based on barcoded tags, which can be reliably and robustly detected and decoded to provide information on an individual's identity and location. Because large numbers of fish can be individually tagged, it can be used to monitor individual- and group-level dynamics within fish shoals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Kleinhappel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN2 2LG, U.K
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Laskowski KL, Bell AM. Strong personalities, not social niches, drive individual differences in social behaviours in sticklebacks. Anim Behav 2014; 90:287-295. [PMID: 25076789 PMCID: PMC4112482 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for consistent individual differences in behaviour is a recent challenge for behavioural ecology. Although theory is rapidly developing in this area, there are few empirical tests. There are at least two hypotheses to explain why individuals behave differently from one another in a dynamic social environment. The social niche specialization hypothesis proposes that repeated social interactions generate consistent individual differences in social behaviour. The behavioural type hypothesis proposes that an individual's social behaviour reflects its behavioural type. We tested these two hypotheses by manipulating the opportunity for repeated social interactions in groups of three spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and by measuring the behavioural types of the same individuals in three contexts: when in a novel environment, when presented with an opportunity to associate with conspecifics and when confronted by an intruder. We found no evidence that repeated social interactions increased between-individual variation in social foraging behaviour. Instead, individuals' social foraging behaviour was related to their behavioural type, specifically their shoaling behaviour. In addition, the behavioural types of the members of a group strongly influenced a group's average foraging behaviour. Together, these results do not support the hypothesis that social dynamics within groups generates individual differences in behaviour. Instead, they suggest the reverse: individual differences in behaviour drive group-level dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Laskowski
- Department of Biology & Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Alison M. Bell
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
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Frommen JG, Zala SM, Raveh S, Schaedelin FC, Wernisch B, Hettyey A. Investigating the Effect of Familiarity on Kin Recognition of Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M. Zala
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | | | - Franziska C. Schaedelin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Bettina Wernisch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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Laskowski KL, Bell AM. Competition avoidance drives individual differences in response to a changing food resource in sticklebacks. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:746-53. [PMID: 23489482 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within the same population, individuals often differ in how they respond to changes in their environment. A recent series of models predicts that competition in a heterogeneous environment might promote between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity. We tested groups of sticklebacks in patchy foraging environments that differed in the level of competition. We also tested the same individuals across two different social groups and while alone to determine the social environment's influence on behavioural plasticity. In support of model predictions, individuals consistently differed in behavioural plasticity when the presence of conspecifics influenced the potential payoffs of a foraging opportunity. Whether individuals maintained their level of behavioural plasticity when placed in a new social group depended on the environmental heterogeneity. By explicitly testing predictions of recent theoretical models, we provide evidence for the types of ecological conditions under which we would expect, and not expect, variation in behavioural plasticity to be favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Laskowski
- University of Illinois, School of Integrative Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Cornuau JH, Keddar I, Ihle M, Motreuil S, Cézilly F. Rapid assessment of female preference for male size predicts subsequent choice of spawning partner in a socially monogamous cichlid fish. C R Biol 2011; 334:906-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Richards EL, Thomas RJ, Marples NM, Snellgrove DL, Cable J. The expression of dietary conservatism in solitary and shoaling 3-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coordinated and cohesive movement of two small conspecific fish induced by eliciting a simultaneous optomotor response. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11248. [PMID: 20582314 PMCID: PMC2889830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In animal groups such as herds, schools, and flocks, a certain distance is maintained between adjacent individuals, allowing them to move as a cohesive unit. Proximate causations of the cohesive and coordinated movement under dynamic conditions, however, have been poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We established a novel and simple behavioral assay using pairs of small fish (medaka and dwarf pufferfish) by eliciting a simultaneous optomotor response (OMR). We demonstrated that two homospecific fish began to move cohesively and maintained a distance of 2 to 4 cm between them when an OMR was elicited simultaneously in the fish. The coordinated and cohesive movement was not exhibited under a static condition. During the cohesive movement, the relative position of the two fish was not stable. Furthermore, adult medaka exhibited the cohesive movement but larvae did not, despite the fact that an OMR could be elicited in larvae, indicating that this ability to coordinate movement develops during maturation. The cohesive movement was detected in homospecific pairs irrespective of body-color, sex, or albino mutation, but was not detected between heterospecific pairs, suggesting that coordinated movement is based on a conspecific interaction. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate that coordinated behavior between a pair of animals was elicited by a simultaneous OMR in two small fish. This is the first report to demonstrate induction of a schooling-like movement in a pair of fish by an OMR and to investigate the effect of age, sex, body color, and species on coordination between animals under a dynamic condition.
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Jordan LA, Avolio C, Herbert-Read JE, Krause J, Rubenstein DI, Ward AJW. Group structure in a restricted entry system is mediated by both resident and joiner preferences. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Webster MM, Laland KN. Evaluation of a non-invasive tagging system for laboratory studies using three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1868-1873. [PMID: 20738654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A non-invasive tagging system for individual identification of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus was evaluated. The tags were easily detected via video, and tagged and non-tagged fish did not differ in terms of growth, activity levels or shoaling behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Webster
- School of Biology, Bute Building, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 4TS, UK.
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21
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Barrett RDH, Vines TH, Bystriansky JS, Schulte PM. Should I stay or should I go? The Ectodysplasin locus is associated with behavioural differences in threespine stickleback. Biol Lett 2009; 5:788-91. [PMID: 19656860 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive divergence may be facilitated if morphological and behavioural traits associated with local adaptation share the same genetic basis. It is therefore important to determine whether genes underlying adaptive morphological traits are associated with variation in behaviour in natural populations. Positive selection on low-armour alleles at the Ectodysplasin (Eda) locus in threespine stickleback has led to the repeated evolution of reduced armour, following freshwater colonization by fully armoured marine sticklebacks. This adaptive divergence in armour between marine and freshwater populations would be facilitated if the low allele conferred a behavioural preference for freshwater environments. We experimentally tested whether the low allele is associated with preference for freshwater by measuring the preference of each Eda genotype for freshwater versus saltwater after acclimation to either salinity. We found no association between the Eda low allele and preference for freshwater. Instead, the low allele was significantly associated with a reduced preference for the acclimation environment. This behaviour may facilitate the colonization of freshwater habitats from the sea, but could also hinder local adaptation by promoting migration of low alleles between marine and freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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Morrell LJ, Croft DP, Dyer JR, Chapman BB, Kelley JL, Laland KN, Krause J. Association patterns and foraging behaviour in natural and artificial guppy shoals. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Frommen JG, Luz C, Bakker TCM. Nutritional state influences shoaling preference for familiars. ZOOLOGY 2007; 110:369-76. [PMID: 17707619 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preferences for grouping with familiar individuals are shown in many animal species, including the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Shoaling with familiars is advantageous because of more precise anti-predator behaviours or more stable dominance hierarchies. Additionally, associations with familiar individuals facilitate the evolution of altruistic behaviour. Thus, in situations of increased competition one might expect an increased preference for familiar fish. We gave single juvenile sticklebacks of different nutritional state the choice between shoals composed either of familiar or unfamiliar individuals. Satiated fish preferred to shoal with familiar individuals. A comparative analysis of 8 stickleback studies with 15 different tests using familiars showed that all tests gave similar results, i.e. sticklebacks of all age classes preferred to shoal with familiars in a non-sexual context. In contrast, hungry test fish did not prefer to shoal with familiar fish, but even showed a preference for the unfamiliar group. Because sticklebacks use early-life familiarity to recognize kin, the results suggest the avoidance of competition with relatives. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing an impact of nutritional state on social interactions with familiar individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G Frommen
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Gómez-Laplaza LM, Fuente A. Shoaling Decisions in Angelfish: The Roles of Social Status and Familiarity. Ethology 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2007.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matsumura K, Matsunaga S, Fusetani N. Phosphatidylcholine profile-mediated group recognition in catfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 210:1992-9. [PMID: 17515424 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal groups are integrated by emission of discrete signals from members, so-called social signals, which have evolved for each species. Among communication signals, chemical signals play an important role for recognition of group membership. The catfish Plotosus lineatus forms a dense school immediately after hatching, and school recognition is under the control of chemical signals emitted by the school members. The key substance(s) governing this recognition are deduced to be a mixture of phosphatidylcholines (PC). To substantiate this hypothesis that a mixture of PC molecular species functions as recognition of school-specific odor, we examined the ability of P. lineatus to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar PCs. P. lineatus responded only to PCs from a familiar school, and not to those from unfamiliar schools. PC molecular species were then analyzed by quantitative high performance liquid chromatography, which resulted in not only a complex mixture of PC molecular species, but also school-specific PC profiles. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of the quantified PC peaks revealed the presence of various PC profiles. Finally, we showed that the modification of PC profiles disrupts the recognition of school odor in P. lineatus. Therefore, we conclude that the recognition of school odor in P. lineatus is governed by school-specific PC profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Matsumura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Shoaling behaviour in fish is influenced by numerous factors, such as familiarity, kinship, group size and shoal composition. Grouping decisions are based on both olfactory and visual cues. The visual system of many vertebrates is extended into the ultraviolet (UV) wave range as in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, L.). We investigated whether the presence or absence of UV wavelengths has an influence on shoaling behaviour in this species. Reproductively non-active three-spined sticklebacks were given the choice between two shoals, equal in numbers of individuals, which could be seen either through a UV-transmitting [UV(+)] or a UV-blocking [UV(-)] filter. Test fish preferred to join the shoal seen under UV(+) conditions. Due to differences in quantal flux between the UV(+) and UV(-) filters used, control experiments with neutral-density optical filters were performed in order to clarify the role of luminance. Here, test fish spent significantly more time near shoals that were seen in a darker environment, suggesting a potential trade-off between UV radiation and lower brightness during shoal choice. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time that shoaling decisions are influenced by UV wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Modarressie
- University of Bonn, Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Okologie, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Kin and population recognition in sympatric Lake Constance perch (Perca fluviatilis L.): can assortative shoaling drive population divergence? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-005-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boulcott PD, Walton K, Braithwaite VA. The role of ultraviolet wavelengths in the mate-choice decisions of female three-spined sticklebacks. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:1453-8. [PMID: 15802669 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYFemale three-spined sticklebacks have been found to use visual cues when responding sexually towards courting males, often preferring more intensely red-coloured males, and males with blue rather than silver irises. However,traditionally the literature has failed to test preference across the full spectral range to which females might be sensitive, limiting analysis to the human-visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. We studied the effects that the addition of ultraviolet wavelengths has on the mate-choice preferences of female sticklebacks using a two-choice paradigm. We found that females preferred males that were viewed across the full spectrum to males whose display lacked an ultraviolet component. Using suitable controls we were able to establish that female preference was sexually motivated and was not caused by a general preference for the manipulated light conditions. Our results indicate that female preference may be due to an enhancement in visual contrast when males are viewed in full spectrum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Boulcott
- The University of Edinburgh, Institute of Cell and Animal Population Biology, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland.
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Ward AJW, Holbrook RI, Krause J, Hart PJB. Social recognition in sticklebacks: the role of direct experience and habitat cues. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-004-0901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barber I. Parasites grow larger in faster growing fish hosts. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35:137-43. [PMID: 15710434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parasites depend on host-derived energy for growth and development, and so are potentially affected by the host's ability to acquire nutrients under competitive foraging scenarios. Although parasites might be expected to grow faster in hosts that are better at acquiring nutrients from natural ecosystems, it is also possible that the most competitive hosts are better at countering infections, if they have an improved immune response or are able to limit the availability of nutrients to parasites. I first quantified the ability of uninfected three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus to compete in groups for sequentially-presented food items, and then exposed either the best or worst competitors to infective stages of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus. Fish were subsequently raised in their original groups, under competitive feeding regimes, for 96 days, after which fish and parasite growth was determined. Unexpectedly, pre-exposure host competitive ability had no effect on susceptibility to infection, or on post-infection growth rate. Furthermore, despite a 120-fold variation in parasite mass at the end of the study, pre-infection competitive ability was not related to parasite growth. The closest predictor of parasite mass was body size-corrected host growth rate, indicating that the fastest growing fish developed the largest parasites. Faster growing hosts therefore apparently provide ideal environments for growing parasites. This finding has important implications for ecology and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Barber
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Edward Llwyd Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, Wales, UK.
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Ward AJW, Hart PJB, Krause J. The effects of habitat- and diet-based cues on association preferences in three-spined sticklebacks. Behav Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arh097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hemelrijk CK, Kunz H. Density distribution and size sorting in fish schools: an individual-based model. Behav Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arh149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Preferential association with familiar shoal mates confers a number of potentially important benefits to individuals, including improved anti-predator effects and the reduction of aggression in competitive interactions. Until now, however, familiarity has been demonstrated purely between conspecifics. Here, we present evidence that familiarity preferences can override natural preferences for conspecifics. Individual focal fishes (chub, Leuciscus cephalus) were given a choice of two stimulus shoals of the same size composed of conspecifics or of heterospecifics (minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus) in a flow tank. A series of four treatments was carried out to investigate the effects of familiarity, induced by a 15 day association between the focal fish and the stimulus fishes, on the choices made by the focal fish. Focal fishes showed a significant preference for conspecifics over heterospecifics when both stimulus shoals were composed of non-familiar individuals. Focal fishes also showed a significant preference for stimulus shoals composed of familiar fishes over stimulus shoals composed of non-familiar fishes when both shoals were conspecific and when both shoals were heterospecific. Finally, the preference of focal fishes for conspecifics disappeared when the alternative, a shoal of heterospecifics, was composed of familiar individuals. The importance of this work is discussed in the context of species interactions in free-ranging shoals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J W Ward
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Response of territorial males to the threat of sneaking in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a field study. J Zool (1987) 2003. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836903003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Croft DP, Arrowsmith BJ, Bielby J, Skinner K, White E, Couzin ID, Magurran AE, Ramnarine I, Krause J. Mechanisms underlying shoal composition in the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. OIKOS 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ward AJW, Botham MS, Hoare DJ, James R, Broom M, Godin JGJ, Krause J. Association patterns and shoal fidelity in the three-spined stickleback. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:2451-5. [PMID: 12495488 PMCID: PMC1691178 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated pairwise association patterns and shoal fidelity in free-ranging, individual three-spine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by capturing entire shoals of sticklebacks and tagging each shoal member with a unique individual mark before releasing the shoal at the point of capture. We recaptured tagged fishes in the study area on five subsequent days, noting their identity, their location and the individuals with which they were associated. Stable partner associations between fishes were observed which might provide the basis for shoal fidelity via social networks. These results suggest the potential for the kinds of inter-individual association patterns assumed by models of predator inspection and 'tit-for-tat' behaviours in free-ranging fishes.
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Krause J, Hoare DJ, Croft D, Lawrence J, Ward A, Ruxton GD, Godin JG, James R. Fish shoal composition: mechanisms and constraints. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:2011-7. [PMID: 11075715 PMCID: PMC1690773 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations were made on three fish species (banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)) in a temperate lake (New Brunswick, Canada) in order to investigate the relationship between shoal choice behaviour of individual fishes and shoal composition. Encounters between shoals were observed to take place every 1.1 min per shoal and an encounter lasted 3.7 s on average. The duration of shoal encounters was influenced by shoal size but not by differences between shoals in either body length or species. Conversely, the outcome of shoal encounters (i.e. ences between shoals in either body length or species. Conversely, the outcome of shoal encounters (i.e. whether or not an individual changes shoal) was influenced by body length and species differences but not by shoal size. Together, these results suggest that encounter duration itself is unlikely to have an important influence on encounter outcome. The collection of ten entire fish shoals showed that they were assorted by species and body length. A simulation model demonstrated that individual shoal choice behaviour alone could account for the generation and maintenance of the observed levels of size assortedness of shoals without invoking the existence of other sorting mechanisms such as differential swimming speeds. However, the generation of species assortedness was not predicted by the model. Furthermore, our data suggest that fish density acts as a constraint on shoal choice, influencing both shoal size and composition. This work has implications for studies on information transfer and reciprocal altruism within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krause
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK.
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