1
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Betancourth-Cundar M, Canoine V, Fusani L, Cadena CD. Does testosterone underly the interplay between male traits and territorial behavior in neotropical poison frogs? Horm Behav 2024; 162:105547. [PMID: 38677262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of individual animals to defend a territory as well as various phenotypic and behavioral traits may be targets of sexual selection used by males to evaluate their competitors or by females to choose males. A frequent question in animal behavior is whether male traits and characteristics of their territory are correlated and what are the mechanisms that may mediate such associations when they exist. Because hormones link phenotype to behavior, by studying the role of testosterone in territoriality one may come closer to understanding the mechanisms mediating correlations or lack thereof between characteristics of territories and of males. We evaluated whether variation in characteristics of territories (size and quality) are correlated with variation in morphology, coloration, testosterone, heterozygosity, and calls in two species of poison frogs. The Amazonian frog Allobates aff. trilineatus exhibits male care and defends territories only during the breeding season, while the endangered frog Oophaga lehmanni displays maternal care and defends territories throughout the year. We found that morphological traits (body length, weight, thigh size), call activity, and testosterone levels correlated with size and various indicators of quality of the territory. However, the direction of these correlations (whether positive or negative) and which specific morphological, acoustic traits or testosterone level variables covaried depended on the species. Our findings highlight an endocrine pathway as part of the physiological machinery that may underlie the interplay between male traits and territorial behavior. We were able to identify some male traits related to territory attributes, but whether females choose males based on these traits requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginie Canoine
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonida Fusani
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Chen RS, Soulsbury CD, Lebigre C, Ludwig G, van Oers K, Hoffman JI. Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (
Lyrurus tetrix
). Evol Appl 2022; 16:625-637. [PMID: 36969146 PMCID: PMC10033861 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive hunting activities such as commercial fishing and trophy hunting can have profound influences on natural populations. However, less intensive recreational hunting can also have subtle effects on animal behaviour, habitat use and movement, with implications for population persistence. Lekking species such as the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) may be especially prone to hunting as leks are temporally and spatially predictable, making them easy targets. Furthermore, inbreeding in black grouse is mainly avoided through female-biased dispersal, so any disruptions to dispersal caused by hunting could lead to changes in gene flow, increasing the risk of inbreeding. We therefore investigated the impact of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal on a metapopulation of black grouse in Central Finland. We genotyped 1065 adult males and 813 adult females from twelve lekking sites (six hunted, six unhunted) and 200 unrelated chicks from seven sites (two hunted, five unhunted) at up to thirteen microsatellite loci. Our initial confirmatory analysis of sex-specific fine-scale population structure revealed little genetic structure in the metapopulation. Levels of inbreeding did not differ significantly between hunted and unhunted sites in neither adults nor chicks. However, immigration rates into hunted sites were significantly higher among adults compared to immigration into unhunted sites. We conclude that the influx of migrants into hunted sites may compensate for the loss of harvested individuals, thereby increasing gene flow and mitigating inbreeding. Given the absence of any obvious barriers to gene flow in Central Finland, a spatially heterogeneous matrix of hunted and unhunted regions may be crucial to ensure sustainable harvests into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Chen
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE Institut Agro Plouzané France
| | - Gilbert Ludwig
- Institute of Bioeconomy JAMK University of Applied Sciences Tarvaala Finland
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Joseph I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
- British Antarctic Survey Cambridge UK
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3
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Fameli AF, Edson J, Banfield JE, Rosenberry CS, Walter WD. Variability in prion protein genotypes by spatial unit to inform susceptibility to chronic wasting disease. Prion 2022; 16:254-264. [PMID: 36104983 PMCID: PMC9481152 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2117535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. Certain alleles in a host's prion protein gene are responsible for reduced susceptibility to CWD. We assessed for the first time variability in the prion protein gene of elk (Cervus canadensis) present in Pennsylvania, United States of America, a reintroduced population for which CWD cases have never been reported. We sequenced the prion protein gene (PRNP) of 565 elk samples collected over 7 years (2014-2020) and found two polymorphic sites (codon 21 and codon 132). The allele associated with reduced susceptibility to CWD is present in the population, and there was no evidence of deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in any of our sampling years (p-values between 0.14 and 1), consistent with the lack of selective pressure on the PRNP. The less susceptible genotypes were found in a frequency similar to the ones reported for elk populations in the states of Wyoming and South Dakota before CWD was detected. We calculated the proportion of less susceptible genotypes in each hunt zone in Pennsylvania as a proxy for their vulnerability to the establishment of CWD, and interpolated these results to obtain a surface representing expected proportion of the less susceptible genotypes across the area. Based on this analysis, hunt zones located in the southern part of our study area have a low proportion of less susceptible genotypes, which is discouraging for elk persistence in Pennsylvania given that these hunt zones are adjacent to the deer Disease Management Area 3, where CWD has been present since 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F. Fameli
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,CONTACT Alberto F. Fameli Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Jessie Edson
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeremiah E. Banfield
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management, 2001 Elmerton Avenue,Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Rosenberry
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management, 2001 Elmerton Avenue,Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - W. David Walter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 403 Forest Resources Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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4
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Richardson J, Smiseth PT. A behavioral ecology perspective on inbreeding and inbreeding depression. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.asb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Viitaniemi HM, Leder EH, Suhonen J. Influence of Interspecific Interference Competition on the Genetic Structure of Calopteryx splendens Populations. ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.059.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica H. Leder
- Department of Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
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6
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Demography, genetics, and decline of a spatially structured population of lekking bird. Oecologia 2021; 195:117-129. [PMID: 33392789 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying population decline is a critical challenge for conservation biologists. Both deterministic (e.g. habitat loss, fragmentation, and Allee effect) and stochastic (i.e. demographic and environmental stochasticity) demographic processes are involved in population decline. Simultaneously, a decrease of population size has far-reaching consequences for genetics of populations by increasing the risk of inbreeding and the strength of genetic drift, which together inevitably results in a loss of genetic diversity and a reduced effective population size ([Formula: see text]). These genetic factors may retroactively affect vital rates (a phenomenon coined 'inbreeding depression'), reduce population growth, and accelerate demographic decline. To date, most studies that have examined the demographic and genetic processes driving the decline of wild populations have neglected their spatial structure. In this study, we examined demographic and genetic factors involved in the decline of a spatially structured population of a lekking bird, the western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). To address this issue, we collected capture-recapture and genetic data over a 6-years period in the Vosges Mountains (France). Our study showed that the population of T. urogallus experienced a severe decline between 2010 and 2015. We did not detect any Allee effect on survival and recruitment. By contrast, individuals of both sexes dispersed to avoid small subpopulations, thus suggesting a potential behavioral response to a mate finding Allee effect. In parallel to this demographic decline, the population showed low levels of genetic diversity, high inbreeding and low effective population sizes at both subpopulation and population levels. Despite this, we did not detect evidence of inbreeding depression: neither adult survival nor recruitment were affected by individual inbreeding level. Our study underlines the benefit from combining demographic and genetic approaches to investigate processes that are involved in population decline.
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7
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Campbell-Palmer R, Senn H, Girling S, Pizzi R, Elliott M, Gaywood M, Rosell F. Beaver genetic surveillance in Britain. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Cornec C, Robert A, Rybak F, Hingrat Y. Male vocalizations convey information on kinship and inbreeding in a lekking bird. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4421-4430. [PMID: 31031916 PMCID: PMC6476769 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinship and inbreeding are two major components involved in sexual selection and mating system evolution. However, the mechanisms underlying recognition and discrimination of genetically related or inbred individuals remain unclear. We investigated whether kinship and inbreeding information is related to low-frequency vocalizations, "booms," produced by males during their courtship in the lekking houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata). Based on a captive breeding program where the pedigree of all males is known, we investigated the similarity of booms' acoustic parameters among captive males more or less individually inbred and therefore genetically related with each other. In the wild, we investigated the relationship between the spatial distribution of males within leks and the similarity of acoustic parameters of their booms. In the captive population, we found (a) a relationship between the individual inbreeding level of captive males and their vocalization parameters; (b) that kin share similar frequency and temporal characteristics of their vocalizations. In the wild, we found no evidence for spatial structuring of males based on their acoustic parameters, in agreement with previous genetic findings on the absence of kin association within houbara bustard leks. Overall, our results indicate that genetic information potentially related to both the identity and quality of males is contained in their vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Cornec
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris‐SaclayUniversité Paris‐Sud, CNRS (UMR 9197)OrsayFrance
- Emirates Center for Wildlife PropagationMissourMorocco
| | - Alexandre Robert
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne‐UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Fanny Rybak
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris‐SaclayUniversité Paris‐Sud, CNRS (UMR 9197)OrsayFrance
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLCAbu DhabiUAE
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9
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Bichet C, Vedder O, Sauer‐Gürth H, Becker PH, Wink M, Bouwhuis S. Contrasting heterozygosity‐fitness correlations across life in a long‐lived seabird. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:671-685. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Vedder
- Institute of Avian Research Wilhelmshaven Germany
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Sauer‐Gürth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Fortin M, Vitet C, Souty-Grosset C, Richard FJ. How do familiarity and relatedness influence mate choice in Armadillidium vulgare? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209893. [PMID: 30596784 PMCID: PMC6312335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate choice is an important process in sexual selection and usually prevents inbreeding depression in populations. In the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare, the close physical proximity between individuals may increase the risk of reproducing with siblings. Moreover, individuals of this species can be infected with the feminizing bacteria of Wolbachia, which influence male mate choice. However, little is known about the kinship or familiarity assessment of the selected partner that occurs when a male can choose between females with or without Wolbachia. To investigate the potential mechanisms leading to mate choice and the potential impact of the parasite, we performed behavioral choice tests on males where they could choose between sibling vs. nonsibling females, familiar vs. unfamiliar females, and sibling familiar vs. unfamiliar nonsibling females. To investigate the costs of inbreeding, we compared the reproductive success of both sibling and nonsibling mates. Our results revealed that male copulation attempts were higher for familiar females and for nonsibling females when both females were Wolbachia-infected, but the duration was longer when both females were Wolbachia-free. When males mated with a sibling female, their fecundity was severely decreased, consistent with inbreeding depression. Overall, we observed copulations with all types of females and demonstrated discrimination capacities and potential preferences. We highlight the complexity of the tradeoff between kinship, familiarity and parasite transmission assessment for mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Fortin
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Team Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Camille Vitet
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Team Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Team Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Freddie-Jeanne Richard
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Team Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Soulsbury CD, Lipponen A, Wood K, Mein CA, Hoffman JI, Lebigre C. Age- and quality-dependent DNA methylation correlate with melanin-based coloration in a wild bird. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6547-6557. [PMID: 30038756 PMCID: PMC6053554 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary sexual trait expression can be influenced by fixed individual factors (such as genetic quality) as well as by dynamic factors (such as age and environmentally induced gene expression) that may be associated with variation in condition or quality. In particular, melanin-based traits are known to relate to condition and there is a well-characterized genetic pathway underpinning their expression. However, the mechanisms linking variable trait expression to genetic quality remain unclear. One plausible mechanism is that genetic quality could influence trait expression via differential methylation and differential gene expression. We therefore conducted a pilot study examining DNA methylation at a candidate gene (agouti-related neuropeptide: AgRP) in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix. We specifically tested whether CpG methylation covaries with age and multilocus heterozygosity (a proxy of genetic quality) and from there whether the expression of a melanin-based ornament (ultraviolet-blue chroma) correlates with DNA methylation. Consistent with expectations, we found clear evidence for age- and heterozygosity-specific patterns of DNA methylation, with two CpG sites showing the greatest DNA methylation in highly heterozygous males at their peak age of reproduction. Furthermore, DNA methylation at three CpG sites was significantly positively correlated with ultraviolet-blue chroma. Ours is the first study to our knowledge to document age- and quality-dependent variation in DNA methylation and to show that dynamic sexual trait expression across the lifespan of an organism is associated with patterns of DNA methylation. Although we cannot demonstrate causality, our work provides empirical support for a mechanism that could potentially link key individual factors to variation in sexual trait expression in a wild vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläFinland
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Kristie Wood
- The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Charles A. Mein
- The Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Joseph I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal BehaviourUniversity of BielefeldBielefeldGermany
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12
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de Boer RA, Eens M, Müller W. An experimental study: Does inbreeding increase the motivation to mate? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199182. [PMID: 29912975 PMCID: PMC6005545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is a central topic in evolutionary biology and ecology and is of major concern for the conservation of endangered species. Yet, it remains challenging to comprehend the fitness consequences of inbreeding, because studies typically focus only on short-term effects on inbreeding in the offspring (e.g. survival until independence). However, there is no a priori reason to assume that inbreeding has no more effects in adulthood. Specifically, inbred males should have lower reproductive success than outbred males among other things because of inbreeding depression in attractiveness to females and a reduced lifespan. Such differences in future reproductive value should affect male mating behaviour, such that an inbred male of a given age should be more motivated to seize a current mating opportunity than an outbred male of the same age. We used an inventive experimental set-up that enabled us to assess male behaviour in relation to an apparent mating opportunity while excluding potential confounding effects of female preference. Age-, weight-, and size-matched inbred and outbred male canaries (Serinus canaria) were presented with a female that only one male at a time could access visually via a ‘peephole’ and thus when both males were equally interested in seizing the apparent mating opportunity this would result in contest. We find that inbred males spent more than twice as much time ‘peeping’ at the female than outbred males, suggesting that inbreeding indeed causes different behavioural responses to an apparent mating opportunity. Our study is among the first to highlight that inbreeding affects male mating behaviour, and therewith potentially male-male competition, which should be taken into account in order to understand the full range of inbreeding effects on fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïssa A. de Boer
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wendt Müller
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
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13
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de Boer RA, Eens M, Müller W. 'Out of tune': consequences of inbreeding on bird song. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1142. [PMID: 27466453 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of bird song is expected to signal male quality to females. 'Quality' is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but, surprisingly, there is very limited evidence if and how genetic aspects of male quality are reflected in song. Here, we manipulated the genetic make-up of canaries (Serinus canaria) via inbreeding, and studied its effects upon song output, complexity, phonetics and, for the first time, song learning. To this end, we created weight-matched inbred and outbred pairs of male fledglings, which were subsequently exposed to the same tutor male during song learning. Inbreeding strongly affected syllable phonetics, but there were little or no effects on other song features. Nonetheless, females discriminated among inbred and outbred males, as they produced heavier clutches when mated with an outbred male. Our study highlights the importance of song phonetics, which has hitherto often been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïssa A de Boer
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wendt Müller
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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14
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Paternity success depends on male genetic characteristics in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Richardson J, Smiseth PT. Intraspecific Competition and Inbreeding Depression: Increased Competitive Effort by Inbred Males Is Costly to Outbred Opponents. Am Nat 2017; 189:539-548. [PMID: 28410022 DOI: 10.1086/691328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A recent theoretical model suggests that intraspecific competition is an important determinant of the severity of inbreeding depression. The reason for this is that intraspecific competition is density dependent, leading to a stronger negative effect on inbred individuals if they are weaker competitors than outbred ones. In support of this prediction, previous empirical work shows that inbred individuals are weaker competitors than outbred ones and that intraspecific competition often exacerbates inbreeding depression. Here, we report an experiment on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, in which we recorded the outcome of competition over a small vertebrate carcass between an inbred or outbred male resident caring for a brood and a size-matched inbred or outbred male intruder. We found that inbred males were more successful as intruders in taking over a carcass from a male resident and were injured more frequently as either residents or intruders. Furthermore, inbred males gained less mass during the breeding attempt and had a shorter adult life span than outbred males. Finally, successful resident males reared a substantially smaller brood comprised of lighter larvae when the intruder was inbred than when it was outbred. Our results shows that inbred males increased their competitive effort, thus contradicting previous work suggesting that inbred males are weaker competitors. Furthermore, our results shows that inbred intruders impose a greater cost to resident males, suggesting that outbred individuals can suffer fitness costs as a result of competition with inbred ones.
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16
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Carim K, Vindenes Y, Eby L, Barfoot C, Vøllestad L. Life history, population viability, and the potential for local adaptation in isolated trout populations. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Minias P, Wojczulanis-Jakubas K, Rutkowski R, Kaczmarek K. Local Heterozygosity Effects on Nestling Growth and Condition in the Great Cormorant. Evol Biol 2015; 42:452-460. [PMID: 26586922 PMCID: PMC4642584 DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Under inbreeding, heterozygosity at neutral genetic markers is likely to reflect genome-wide heterozygosity and, thus, is expected to correlate with fitness. There is, however, growing evidence that some of heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) can be explained by ‘local effects’, where noncoding loci are at linkage disequilibrium with functional genes. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between heterozygosity at seven microsatellite loci and two fitness-related traits, nestling growth rate and nutritional condition, in a recently bottlenecked population of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. We found that heterozygosity was positively associated with both nestling traits at the between-brood level, but the individual (within-brood) effects of heterozygosity were non-significant. We also found that only one locus per trait was primarily responsible for the significant multi-locus HFCs, suggesting a linkage disequilibrium with non-identified functional loci. The results give support for ‘local effect’ hypothesis, confirming that HFCs may not only be interpreted as evidence of inbreeding and that genetic associations between functional and selectively neutral markers could be much more common in natural populations than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Minias
- />Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- />Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | | | - Robert Rutkowski
- />Department of Molecular and Biometrical Techniques, Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Brekke P, Ewen JG, Clucas G, Santure AW. Determinants of male floating behaviour and floater reproduction in a threatened population of the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). Evol Appl 2015; 8:796-806. [PMID: 26366197 PMCID: PMC4561569 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Floating males are usually thought of as nonbreeders. However, some floating individuals are able to reproduce through extra-pair copulations. Floater reproductive success can impact breeders' sex ratio, reproductive variance, multiple paternity and inbreeding, particularly in small populations. Changes in reproductive variance alter the rate of genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, genetic management of threatened species requires an understanding of floater reproduction and determinants of floating behaviour to effectively conserve species. Here, we used a pedigreed, free-living population of the endangered New Zealand hihi (Notiomystis cincta) to assess variance in male reproductive success and test the genetic (inbreeding and heritability) and conditional (age and size) factors that influence floater behaviour and reproduction. Floater reproduction is common in this species. However, floater individuals have lower reproductive success and variance in reproductive success than territorial males (total and extra-pair fledglings), so their relative impact on the population's reproductive performance is low. Whether an individual becomes a floater, and if so then how successful they are, is determined mainly by individual age (young and old) and to lesser extents male size (small) and inbreeding level (inbred). Floating males have a small, but important role in population reproduction and persistence of threatened populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Brekke
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonRegents Park, London, UK
| | - John G Ewen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonRegents Park, London, UK
| | - Gemma Clucas
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of SouthamptonWaterfront Campus European Way, Southampton, UK
| | - Anna W Santure
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western BankSheffield, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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19
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Hardouin LA, Legagneux P, Hingrat Y, Robert A. Sex-specific dispersal responses to inbreeding and kinship. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Revealing the consequences of male-biased trophy hunting on the maintenance of genetic variation. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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White KL, Eason DK, Jamieson IG, Robertson BC. Evidence of inbreeding depression in the critically endangered parrot, the kakapo. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. White
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - D. K. Eason
- Department of Conservation; Kakapo Recovery Programme; Invercargill New Zealand
| | - I. G. Jamieson
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - B. C. Robertson
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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22
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McMahon BJ, Teeling EC, Höglund J. How and why should we implement genomics into conservation? Evol Appl 2014; 7:999-1007. [PMID: 25553063 PMCID: PMC4231591 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation genetics has provided important information into the dynamics of endangered populations. The rapid development of genomic methods has posed an important question, namely where do genetics and genomics sit in relation to their application in the conservation of species? Although genetics can answer a number of relevant questions related to conservation, the argument for the application of genomics is not yet fully exploited. Here, we explore the transition and rationale for the move from genetic to genomic research in conservation biology and the utility of such research. We explore the idea of a 'conservation prior' and how this can be determined by genomic data and used in the management of populations. We depict three different conservation scenarios and describe how genomic data can drive management action in each situation. We conclude that the most effective applications of genomics will be to inform stakeholders with the aim of avoiding 'emergency room conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College DublinBelfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emma C Teeling
- UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College DublinBelfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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23
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Chargé R, Teplitsky C, Sorci G, Low M. Can sexual selection theory inform genetic management of captive populations? A review. Evol Appl 2014; 7:1120-33. [PMID: 25553072 PMCID: PMC4231600 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Captive breeding for conservation purposes presents a serious practical challenge because several conflicting genetic processes (i.e., inbreeding depression, random genetic drift and genetic adaptation to captivity) need to be managed in concert to maximize captive population persistence and reintroduction success probability. Because current genetic management is often only partly successful in achieving these goals, it has been suggested that management insights may be found in sexual selection theory (in particular, female mate choice). We review the theoretical and empirical literature and consider how female mate choice might influence captive breeding in the context of current genetic guidelines for different sexual selection theories (i.e., direct benefits, good genes, compatible genes, sexy sons). We show that while mate choice shows promise as a tool in captive breeding under certain conditions, for most species, there is currently too little theoretical and empirical evidence to provide any clear guidelines that would guarantee positive fitness outcomes and avoid conflicts with other genetic goals. The application of female mate choice to captive breeding is in its infancy and requires a goal-oriented framework based on the needs of captive species management, so researchers can make honest assessments of the costs and benefits of such an approach, using simulations, model species and captive animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Chargé
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Céline Teplitsky
- Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation UMR 7204 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne Dijon, France
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Minias P, Minias A, Dziadek J. Heterozygosity correlates with body size, nest site quality and productivity in a colonial waterbird, the whiskered tern ( Chlidonias hybrida, Aves: Sternidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Minias
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Alina Minias
- Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Łódź Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Łódź Poland
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25
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Cain B, Wandera AB, Shawcross SG, Edwin Harris W, Stevens-Wood B, Kemp SJ, Okita-Ouma B, Watts PC. Sex-biased inbreeding effects on reproductive success and home range size of the critically endangered black rhinoceros. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2014; 28:594-603. [PMID: 24641512 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A central premise of conservation biology is that small populations suffer reduced viability through loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding. However, there is little evidence that variation in inbreeding impacts individual reproductive success within remnant populations of threatened taxa, largely due to problems associated with obtaining comprehensive pedigree information to estimate inbreeding. In the critically endangered black rhinoceros, a species that experienced severe demographic reductions, we used model selection to identify factors associated with variation in reproductive success (number of offspring). Factors examined as predictors of reproductive success were age, home range size, number of nearby mates, reserve location, and multilocus heterozygosity (a proxy for inbreeding). Multilocus heterozygosity predicted male reproductive success (p< 0.001, explained deviance >58%) and correlated with male home range size (p < 0.01, r(2) > 44%). Such effects were not apparent in females, where reproductive success was determined by age (p < 0.01, explained deviance 34%) as females raise calves alone and choose between, rather than compete for, mates. This first report of a 3-way association between an individual male's heterozygosity, reproductive output, and territory size in a large vertebrate is consistent with an asymmetry in the level of intrasexual competition and highlights the relevance of sex-biased inbreeding for the management of many conservation-priority species. Our results contrast with the idea that wild populations of threatened taxa may possess some inherent difference from most nonthreatened populations that necessitates the use of detailed pedigrees to study inbreeding effects. Despite substantial variance in male reproductive success, the increased fitness of more heterozygous males limits the loss of heterozygosity. Understanding how individual differences in genetic diversity mediate the outcome of intrasexual competition will be essential for effective management, particularly in enclosed populations, where individuals have restricted choice about home range location and where the reproductive impact of translocated animals will depend upon the background distribution in individual heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Cain
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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26
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Miller JM, Coltman DW. Assessment of identity disequilibrium and its relation to empirical heterozygosity fitness correlations: a meta-analysis. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:1899-909. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
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27
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Wang B, Ekblom R, Bunikis I, Siitari H, Höglund J. Whole genome sequencing of the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix): reference guided assembly suggests faster-Z and MHC evolution. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:180. [PMID: 24602261 PMCID: PMC4022176 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The different regions of a genome do not evolve at the same rate. For example, comparative genomic studies have suggested that the sex chromosomes and the regions harbouring the immune defence genes in the Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) may evolve faster than other genomic regions. The advent of the next generation sequencing technologies has made it possible to study which genomic regions are evolutionary liable to change and which are static, as well as enabling an increasing number of genome studies of non-model species. However, de novo sequencing of the whole genome of an organism remains non-trivial. In this study, we present the draft genome of the black grouse, which was developed using a reference-guided assembly strategy. RESULTS We generated 133 Gbp of sequence data from one black grouse individual by the SOLiD platform and used a combination of de novo assembly and chicken reference genome mapping to assemble the reads into 4572 scaffolds with a total length of 1022 Mb. The draft genome well covers the main chicken chromosomes 1 ~ 28 and Z which have a total length of 1001 Mb. The draft genome is fragmented, but has a good coverage of the homologous chicken genes. Especially, 33.0% of the coding regions of the homologous genes have more than 90% proportion of their sequences covered. In addition, we identified ~1 M SNPs from the genome and identified 106 genomic regions which had a high nucleotide divergence between black grouse and chicken or between black grouse and turkey. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the chromosome X (Z) evolves faster than the autosomes and our data are consistent with the MHC regions being more liable to change than the genome average. Our study demonstrates how a moderate sequencing effort can be combined with existing genome references to generate a draft genome for a non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- />Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Ekblom
- />Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ignas Bunikis
- />Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heli Siitari
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jacob Höglund
- />Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Sardell RJ, Kempenaers B, DuVal EH. Female mating preferences and offspring survival: testing hypotheses on the genetic basis of mate choice in a wild lekking bird. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:933-46. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Sardell
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Dr. Tallahassee FL 32306-4295 USA
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse D-82319 Seewiesen Germany
| | - Emily H. DuVal
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Dr. Tallahassee FL 32306-4295 USA
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29
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Janicke T, Vellnow N, Lamy T, Chapuis E, David P. Inbreeding depression of mating behavior and its reproductive consequences in a freshwater snail. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Richter SC, Nunziata SO. Survival to metamorphosis is positively related to genetic variability in a critically endangered amphibian species. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Richter
- Department of Biological Sciences; Eastern Kentucky University; Richmond KY USA
| | - S. O. Nunziata
- Department of Biological Sciences; Eastern Kentucky University; Richmond KY USA
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31
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Herdegen M, Nadachowska‐Brzyska K, Konowalik A, Babik W, Radwan J. Retracted: Heterozygosity, sexual ornament and body size in the crested newt. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Herdegen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | | | - A. Konowalik
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland
| | - W. Babik
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - J. Radwan
- Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Uppsala Sweden
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32
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Hostetler JA, Onorato DP, Jansen D, Oli MK. A cat's tale: the impact of genetic restoration on Florida panther population dynamics and persistence. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:608-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Hostetler
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall; Gainesville; FL; 32611-0430; USA
| | - David P. Onorato
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; 298 Sabal Palm Road; Naples; FL; 34114; USA
| | - Deborah Jansen
- Big Cypress National Preserve; 33100 Tamiami Trail East; Ochopee; FL; 34141; USA
| | - Madan K. Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall; Gainesville; FL; 32611-0430; USA
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33
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Monceau K, Wattier R, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Dubreuil C, Cézilly F. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations in adult and juvenile Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 104:47-56. [PMID: 23091225 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how fitness is related to genetic variation is of crucial importance in both evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. We report a study of heterozygosity-fitness correlations in a wild, noninbred population of Zenaida Doves, Zenaida aurita, based on a sample comprising 489 individuals (382 adults and 107 juveniles) typed at 13 microsatellite loci, resulting in a data set comprising 5793 genotypes. In both adults and juveniles, and irrespective of sex, no evidence was found for an effect of either multilocus or single-locus heterozygosity on traits potentially related to fitness such as foraging tactic, competitive ability, and fluctuating asymmetry. In contrast, a significant negative correlation between body condition and multilocus heterozygosity, indicative of outbreeding depression, was found in juveniles, whereas no such trend was observed in adults. However, the frequency distribution of heterozygosity did not differ between the two age classes, suggesting compensatory growth by heterozygous juveniles. We discuss our results in relation to some practical limitations associated with studies of heterozygosity-fitness correlations, and suggest that tropical bird species with allopatric divergence between island populations may provide a good biological model for the detection of outbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Monceau
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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34
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Restrictive mate choice criteria cause age-specific inbreeding in female black grouse, Tetrao tetrix. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Wang B, Ekblom R, Castoe TA, Jones EP, Kozma R, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Pollock DD, Höglund J. Transcriptome sequencing of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) for immune gene discovery and microsatellite development. Open Biol 2012; 2:120054. [PMID: 22724064 PMCID: PMC3376728 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) is a galliform bird species that is important for both ecological studies and conservation genetics. Here, we report the sequencing of the spleen transcriptome of black grouse using 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing. We performed a large-scale gene discovery analysis with a focus on genes that might be related to fitness in this species and also identified a large set of microsatellites. In total, we obtained 182 179 quality-filtered sequencing reads that we assembled into 9035 contigs. Using these contigs and 15 794 length-filtered (greater than 200 bp) singletons, we identified 7762 transcripts that appear to be homologues of chicken genes. A specific BLAST search with an emphasis on immune genes found 308 homologous chicken genes that have immune function, including ten major histocompatibility complex-related genes located on chicken chromosome 16. We also identified 1300 expressed sequence tag microsatellites and were able to design suitable flanking primers for 526 of these. A preliminary test of the polymorphism of the microsatellites found 10 polymorphic microsatellites of the 102 tested. Genomic resources generated in this study should greatly benefit future ecological, evolutionary and conservation genetic studies on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Population Biology and Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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36
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Soulsbury CD, Alatalo RV, Lebigre C, Rokka K, Siitari H. Age-dependent inbreeding risk and offspring fitness costs in female black grouse. Biol Lett 2011; 7:853-5. [PMID: 21632620 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is an important mechanism used to avoid inbreeding. However, dispersal may only be effective for part of an individual's lifespan since, post-dispersal individuals that breed over multiple reproductive events may risk mating with kin of the philopatric sex as they age. We tested this hypothesis in black grouse Tetrao tetrix, and show that yearling females never mated with close relatives whereas older females did. However, matings were not with direct kin suggesting that short-distance dispersal to sites containing kin and subsequent overlap of reproductive lifespans between males and females were causing this pattern. Chick mass was lower when kinship was high, suggesting important fitness costs associated with inbred matings. This study shows that increased inbreeding risk might be a widespread yet rarely considered cost of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Soulsbury
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskyla, Finland.
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37
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Olano-Marin J, Mueller JC, Kempenaers B. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HETEROZYGOSITY AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE BLUE TIT (CYANISTES CAERULEUS): AN ANALYSIS OF INBREEDING AND SINGLE LOCUS EFFECTS. Evolution 2011; 65:3175-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Di R, Chu MX, Li YL, Zhang L, Fang L, Feng T, Cao GL, Chen HQ, Li XW. Predictive potential of microsatellite markers on heterosis of fecundity in crossbred sheep. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2761-6. [PMID: 21674186 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small Tail Han (STH) sheep is a famous Chinese local breed and has perfect prolificacy performance, but it is inferior to imported mutton sheep breeds on meat production. In this study, six imported male sheep populations (White Suffolk, Black Suffolk, Texel, Dorper, South African Mutton Merino and East Friesian) were crossbred with STH female sheep respectively. The heterosis values of litter size, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of crossbred sheep were analyzed for seeking the optimal cross. Meanwhile 28 microsatellite markers were used to measure the genetic distance between imported populations and STH population. Regression between the genetic distance and heterosis was analyzed for evaluating potential of microsatellite on predicting heterosis. Results showed a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.892, P < 0.05) between heterosis of litter size and genetic distance D (A) of six crosses. This implied that these microsatellite markers had moderate potential to forecast heterosis of litter size in sheep. Results of this study also indicated that South African Mutton Merino and East Friesian sheep would be the optimal sire breeds for the litter size and might bring the greatest economic benefit in six imported populations; Suffolk sheep could be prior consideration as sire breeds when breeding objective focused on ADG. Finally these results provided valuable information for Chinese sheep industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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39
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CHAPMAN JR, SHELDON BC. Heterozygosity is unrelated to adult fitness measures in a large, noninbred population of great tits (Parus major). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:1715-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Thoss M, Ilmonen P, Musolf K, Penn DJ. Major histocompatibility complex heterozygosity enhances reproductive success. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1546-57. [PMID: 21291500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how heterozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affects fitness in wild-derived (F2) house mice (Mus musculus musculus). To compare and control for potential confounding effects from close inbreeding and genome-wide heterozygosity, we used mice that were systematically outbred. We assessed how heterozygosity at MHC and background loci (using 15 microsatellite markers on 11 different chromosomes) affects individual survival and reproductive success (RS) in large, semi-natural population enclosures. We found that overall heterozygosity significantly increased RS, and this correlation was entirely explained by heterozygosity at two MHC loci. Moreover, we found that the effects of MHC heterozygosity depend on the level of background heterozygosity, and the benefits of maximal MHC heterozygosity show a curvilinear effect with increasing background heterozygosity. The enhanced RS from MHC heterozygosity was not because of increased survival, and although MHC heterozygosity was correlated with body mass, body mass did not correlate with RS when heterozygosity is controlled. Breeders were more MHC heterozygous than nonbreeders for both sexes, indicating that MHC heterozygosity enhanced fecundity, mating success or both. Our results show that (i) MHC heterozygosity enhances fitness among wild, outbred as well as congenic laboratory mice; (ii) heterozygosity-fitness correlations can potentially be explained by a few loci, such as MHC; (iii) MHC heterozygosity can increase fitness, even without affecting survival, by increasing mating and RS; and (iv) MHC effects depend on background genes, and maximal MHC heterozygosity is most beneficial at intermediate or optimal levels of background heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thoss
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Savoyenstrasse 1a, Vienna, Austria
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Enders LS, Nunney L. Sex-specific effects of inbreeding in wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster under benign and stressful conditions. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:2309-23. [PMID: 20874846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In animal populations, sib mating is often the primary source of inbreeding depression (ID). We used recently wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster to test whether such ID is amplified by environmental stress and, in males, by sexual selection. We also investigated whether increased ID because of stress (increased larval competition) persisted beyond the stressed stage and whether the effects of stress and sexual selection interacted. Sib mating resulted in substantial cumulative fitness losses (egg to adult reproduction) of 50% (benign) and 73% (stressed). Stress increased ID during the larval period (23% vs. 63%), but not during post-stress reproductive stages (36% vs. 31%), indicating larval stress may have purged some adult genetic load (although ID was uncorrelated across stages). Sexual selection exacerbated inbreeding depression, with inbred male offspring suffering a higher reproductive cost than females, independent of stress (57% vs. 14% benign, 49% vs. 11% stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Enders
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
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Michalczyk L, Martin OY, Millard AL, Emerson BC, Gage MJG. Inbreeding depresses sperm competitiveness, but not fertilization or mating success in male Tribolium castaneum. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:3483-91. [PMID: 20554548 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations decline to levels where reproduction among close genetic relatives becomes more probable, subsequent increases in homozygous recessive deleterious expression and/or loss of heterozygote advantage can lead to inbreeding depression. Here, we measure how inbreeding across replicate lines of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum impacts on male reproductive fitness in the absence or presence of male-male competition. Effects on male evolution from mating pattern were removed by enforcing monogamous mating throughout. After inbreeding across eight generations, we found that male fertility in the absence of competition was unaffected. However, we found significant inbreeding depression of sperm competitiveness: non-inbred males won 57 per cent of fertilizations in competition, while inbred equivalents only sired 42 per cent. We also found that the P(2) 'offence' role in sperm competition was significantly more depressed under inbreeding than sperm 'defence' (P(1)). Mating behaviour did not explain these differences, and there was no difference in the viability of offspring sired by inbred or non-inbred males. Sperm length variation was significantly greater in the ejaculates of inbred males. Our results show that male ability to achieve normal fertilization success was not depressed under strong inbreeding, but that inbreeding depression in these traits occurred when conditions of sperm competition were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Michalczyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Hoffman JI, Forcada J, Amos W. Exploring the mechanisms underlying a heterozygosity-fitness correlation for canine size in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 101:539-52. [PMID: 20457623 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) are widely reported in the literature, most studies use too few markers to allow the proximate mechanisms to be convincingly resolved. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed: the general effect hypothesis, in which marker heterozygosity correlates with genome-wide heterozygosity and hence the inbreeding coefficient f, and the local effect hypothesis, in which one or more of the markers by chance exhibit associative overdominance. To explore the relative contributions of general and local effects in a free-ranging marine mammal population, we revisited a strong HFC found using 9 microsatellite loci for canine tooth size in 84 male Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella (Hoffman JI, Hanson N, Forcada J, Trathan PN, Amos W. 2010. Getting long in the tooth: a strong positive correlation between canine size and heterozygosity in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella. J Hered.). Increasing the number of markers to 76, we find that heterozygosity is uncorrelated across loci, indicating that inbred individuals are rare or absent. Similarly, while the HFC based on overall heterozygosity is lost, stochastic simulations indicate that when an HFC is due to inbreeding depression, increasing marker number invariably strengthens the HFC. Together these observations argue strongly that the original HFC was not due to inbreeding depression. In contrast, a subset of markers show individually significant effects, and these are nonrandomly distributed across the marker panel, being preferentially associated with markers cloned from other species. Using basic alignment search tool searches, we were able to locate 94% of loci to unique locations in the dog genome, but the local genes are functionally diverse, and the majority cannot be linked directly to growth. Our results suggest that inbreeding depression contributes little if at all to the relationship between heterozygosity and tooth size but that instead the primary mechanism involves associative overdominance. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that general effects are likely to be uncommon in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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Lebigre C, Alatalo RV, Siitari H. Female-biased dispersal alone can reduce the occurrence of inbreeding in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix). Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1929-39. [PMID: 20345672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although inbreeding depression and mechanisms for kin recognition have been described in natural bird populations, inbreeding avoidance through mate choice has rarely been reported suggesting that sex-biased dispersal is the main mechanism reducing the risks of inbreeding. However, a full understanding of the effect of dispersal on the occurrence of inbred matings requires estimating the inbreeding risks prior to dispersal. Combining pairwise relatedness measures and kinship assignments, we investigated in black grouse whether the observed occurrence of inbred matings was explained by active kin discrimination or by female-biased dispersal. In this large continuous population, copulations between close relatives were rare. As female mate choice was random for relatedness, females with more relatives in the local flock tended to mate with genetically more similar males. To quantify the initial risks of inbreeding, we measured the relatedness to the males of females captured in their parental flock and virtually translocated female hatchlings in their parental and to more distant flocks. These tests indicated that dispersal decreased the likelihood of mating with relatives and that philopatric females had higher inbreeding risks than the actual breeding females. As females do not discriminate against relatives, the few inbred matings were probably due to the variance in female dispersal propensity and dispersal distance. Our results support the view that kin discrimination mate choice is of little value if dispersal effectively reduces the risks of inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lebigre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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HANSSON BENGT. The use (or misuse) of microsatellite allelic distances in the context of inbreeding and conservation genetics. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1082-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ryder T, Tori W, Blake J, Loiselle B, Parker P. Mate choice for genetic quality: a test of the heterozygosity and compatibility hypotheses in a lek-breeding bird. Behav Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arp176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reid JM, Keller LF. Correlated inbreeding among relatives: occurrence, magnitude, and implications. Evolution 2009; 64:973-85. [PMID: 19817848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude and causes of genetic and phenotypic resemblance among relatives is key to understanding evolutionary processes. Contrary to basic expectation, individual coefficients of inbreeding (f) were recently hypothesized to be intrinsically correlated across parents and offspring in structured populations, potentially creating an additional source of phenotypic resemblance in traits that show inbreeding depression. To test this hypothesis, we used individual-based simulations to quantify the parent-offspring correlations in f arising under random mating in populations of different size, immigration rate, and mating system. Parent-offspring correlations in f were typically positive (median r approximately 0.2-0.4) in relatively small and isolated populations. Relatively inbred parents therefore produced relatively inbred offspring on average, although the magnitude of this effect varied considerably among replicate populations. Correlations were higher given more generations of random mating, greater variance in reproductive success, polygynous rather than monogamous mating, and for midparent-offspring rather than parent-offspring relationships. Furthermore, f was also positively correlated across half-siblings, and closer relatives had more similar inbreeding coefficients across entire generations. Such intrinsic resemblance in f among relatives could provide an additional genetic benefit of mate choice and bias quantitative genetic analyses that do not account for correlated inbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Genetic diversity, especially at genes important for immune functioning within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), has been associated with fitness-related traits, including disease resistance, in many species. Recently, genetic diversity has been associated with mate preferences in humans. Here we asked whether these preferences are adaptive in terms of obtaining healthier mates. We investigated whether genetic diversity (heterozygosity and standardized mean d2) at MHC and nonMHC microsatellite loci, predicted health in 153 individuals. Individuals with greater allelic diversity (d2) at nonMHC loci and at one MHC locus, linked to HLA-DRB1, reported fewer symptoms over a four-month period than individuals with lower d2. In contrast, there were no associations between MHC or nonMHC heterozygosity and health. NonMHC-d2 has previously been found to predict male preferences for female faces. Thus, the current findings suggest that nonMHC diversity may play a role in both natural and sexual selection acting on human populations.
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