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Jacobs LE, Hammond TT, Gaffney PM, Curtis MJ, Shier DM, Durrant BS, Righton A, Williams CL, Calatayud NE. Using reproductive technologies to assess the development of secondary sexual characteristics, ovarian senescence and hermaphroditism in the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:610-614. [PMID: 34148562 DOI: 10.1071/rd21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans can display a host of intriguing sexual syndromes, including hermaphroditism and sex reversal. Using a multifaceted approach for diagnosing and characterising hermaphroditism in the endangered anuran species Rana mucosa , we tracked changes in female reproductive status using hormone monitoring, ultrasound examinations, individual life history, fertilisation records and post-mortem findings. Seven individuals originally sexed as females developed secondary male sexual characteristics, behaviour and hormone profiles and, in some cases, had testicular tissue despite having previously laid eggs. Our results suggest that reproductive technologies can shed light on life history patterns and reproductive anomalies that may affect endangered anuran survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Jacobs
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA; and Corresponding author
| | - Talisin T Hammond
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Patricia M Gaffney
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Michelle J Curtis
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Debra M Shier
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Barbara S Durrant
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Alison Righton
- Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, 3701 S 10th Street Omaha, NE 68107, USA
| | - Candace L Williams
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | - Natalie E Calatayud
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92025, USA; and Conservation Science Network, 24 Thomas Street, Mayfield, NSW 2304, Australia
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2
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De Los Ríos P, Kanagu L, Lathasumathi C, Stella C. Age and growth of two populations of Pugilina cochlidium (Gastropoda: Melongenidae), from Thondi coast-Palk Bay in Tamil Nadu-South East coast of India. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:158-166. [PMID: 31576930 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.203544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and growth of two populations of Pugilina cochlidium were studied. to address the lack of basic information on the growth rates and the size at sexual maturity of organism in a commercially harvested area, which will be important in considering the size limits to conserve this resources in future. In the present study the results showed more or less similar growth patterns in the males and females of two populations of Pugilina cochlidium. The age and growth estimation of these two populations of Pugilina cochlidium were completed using several methods and the outcome of one method will act as a check and control over the other using the FISAT 1 software. The values of asymptotic length (Lα) values obtained in the present study using various methods did not vary greatly. Lα values obtained for the first population of Pugilina cochlidium was 95.55 mm for males and 106.05 mm for females and the growth rate (K) for males (0.588 yr-1) and females (0.620 yr-1) was given by k-scan routine in ELEFAN. Similarly, the values of asymptotic length (Lα), obtained for second population of Pugilina cochlidium, was 96.15 mm for males and 106.05 mm for females and the growth rate (K) for males (0.540 yr-1) and females (0.950 yr-1) was given by k-scan routine in ELEFAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio De Los Ríos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Laksmanan Kanagu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus-623409, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chokkalingam Lathasumathi
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus-623409, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chelladurai Stella
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus-623409, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ellis RP, Davison W, Queirós AM, Kroeker KJ, Calosi P, Dupont S, Spicer JI, Wilson RW, Widdicombe S, Urbina MA. Does sex really matter? Explaining intraspecies variation in ocean acidification responses. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0761. [PMID: 28148830 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine ecosystems globally, having significant ecological and economic importance. The number and complexity of experiments examining the effects of OA has substantially increased over the past decade, in an attempt to address multi-stressor interactions and long-term responses in an increasing range of aquatic organisms. However, differences in the response of males and females to elevated pCO2 have been investigated in fewer than 4% of studies to date, often being precluded by the difficulty of determining sex non-destructively, particularly in early life stages. Here we highlight that sex can significantly impact organism responses to OA, differentially affecting physiology, reproduction, biochemistry and ultimately survival. What is more, these impacts do not always conform to ecological theory based on differential resource allocation towards reproduction, which would predict females to be more sensitive to OA owing to the higher production cost of eggs compared with sperm. Therefore, non-sex-specific studies may overlook subtle but ecologically significant differences in the responses of males and females to OA, with consequences for forecasting the fate of natural populations in a near-future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ellis
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - William Davison
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Universitè du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - John I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Rod W Wilson
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Schilthuizen M, Giesbers MCWG, Beukeboom LW. Haldane's rule in the 21st century. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:95-102. [PMID: 21224879 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Haldane's Rule (HR), which states that 'when in the offspring of two different animal races one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterozygous (heterogametic) sex', is one of the most general patterns in speciation biology. We review the literature of the past 15 years and find that among the ∼85 new studies, many consider taxa that traditionally have not been the focus for HR investigations. The new studies increased to nine, the number of 'phylogenetically independent' groups that comply with HR. They continue to support the dominance and faster-male theories as explanations for HR, although due to increased reliance on indirect data (from, for example, differential introgression of cytoplasmic versus chromosomal loci in natural hybrid zones) unambiguous novel results are rare. We further highlight how research on organisms with sex determination systems different from those traditionally considered may lead to more insight in the underlying causes of HR. In particular, haplodiploid organisms provide opportunities for testing specific predictions of the dominance and faster X chromosome theory, and we present new data that show that the faster-male component of HR is supported in hermaphrodites, suggesting that genes involved in male function may evolve faster than those expressed in the female function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schilthuizen
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity, Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Zanatta DT, Fraley SJ, Murphy RW. Population structure and mantle display polymorphisms in the wavy-rayed lampmussel, Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia: Unionidae). CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z07-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genotypes from 10 polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci were used to make assessments of population structure, measurements of gene flow, and attempts to genetically segregate polymorphic host fish-attracting mantle displays for the wavy-rayed lampmussel, Lampsilis fasciola Rafinesque, 1820 — an endangered species in Canada. Specimens were collected from seven localities — six in the Great Lakes drainages of Ontario, Canada, and one from the Little Tennessee River in North Carolina, USA. Four distinct and sympatric mantle display morphologies were observed on female L. fasciola. Displays could not be distinguished genetically using analysis of molecular variance and genotypic assignment tests. The diversity of mantle displays was correlated with the overall genetic diversity observed among populations of L. fasciola. In managing populations of L. fasciola for propagation, augmentation, and translocation, polymorphic lures should be represented in proportion to what is observed in wild populations. Through moderately high FSTvalues and high assignment to population in genotype assignment tests, genetic structure was evident among the river drainages. Within-drainage gene flow was very high, and sampling localities within the Ontario drainages displayed panmixia. Efforts in artificial propagation and possible translocations to reintroduce or augment populations should be made to maintain the substantial levels of genetic variation while maintaining distinctiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Zanatta
- Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 50 Trillium Way, Clyde, NC 28721, USA
| | - Stephen J. Fraley
- Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 50 Trillium Way, Clyde, NC 28721, USA
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 50 Trillium Way, Clyde, NC 28721, USA
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Teixeira S, Bernasconi G. High prevalence of multiple paternity within fruits in natural populations ofSilene latifolia, as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:4370-9. [PMID: 17784922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data on multiple paternity within broods has been gathered in several animal species, and comparable data in plants would be of great importance to understand the evolution of reproductive traits in a common framework. In this study, we first isolated and characterized six microsatellite loci from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae). The polymorphism of the loci was assessed in 60 individual females from four different populations. Two of the investigated loci showed a pattern of inheritance consistent with X-linkage. These microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic and therefore useful tools for parentage analysis. We then used four of the markers to determine paternity within naturally pollinated fruits in four European populations. This study revealed widespread multiple paternity in all populations investigated. The minimum number of fathers per fruit varied from one to nine, with population means ranging from 3.4 to 4.9. The number of fathers per fruit was not significantly correlated with offspring sex ratios. High prevalence of multiple paternity within fruits strongly suggest that pollen competition is likely to occur in this species. This may substantially impact male reproductive success and possibly contribute to increase female and offspring fitness, either through postpollination selection or increased genetic diversity. Wide variation in outcrossing rates may be an overlooked aspect of plant mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Teixeira
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PARENTAGE, RELATEDNESS, AND FITNESS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR WILD ANIMALS. J Wildl Manage 2005. [DOI: 10.2193/0022-541x(2005)69[1400:mattso]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Walker D, Power AJ, Avise JC. Sex-linked Markers Facilitate Genetic Parentage Analyses in Knobbed Whelk Broods. J Hered 2004; 96:108-13. [PMID: 15618306 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential of sex-linked polymorphisms for genetic parentage analyses in natural populations, we have employed a recently discovered "X-linked" microsatellite marker (in conjunction with polymorphic autosomal loci) to deduce biological paternity and maternity for large numbers of encapsulated embryos within individual broods of the knobbed whelk (Busycon carica). Empirical findings illustrate how such sex-linked genetic tags can in special instances find at least three novel utilities in genetic dissections of large-clutch species: clarification of paternity assignments that had remained ambiguous from di-locus autosomal data alone; elucidation of linkage relationships among pairs of autosomal loci; and illumination of maternity (and thereby paternity also) in broods for which neither biological parent was known from independent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Walker
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Abstract
Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers are widely employed in population genetic analyses (eg, of biological parentage and mating systems), but one potential drawback is the presence of null alleles that fail to amplify to detected levels in the PCR assays. Here we examine 233 published articles in which authors reported the suspected presence of one or more microsatellite null alleles, and we review how these purported nulls were detected and handled in the data analyses. We also employ computer simulations and analytical treatments to determine how microsatellite null alleles might impact molecular parentage analyses. The results indicate that whereas null alleles in frequencies typically reported in the literature introduce rather inconsequential biases on average exclusion probabilities, they can introduce substantial errors into empirical assessments of specific mating events by leading to high frequencies of false parentage exclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Dakin
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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