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Brown S, Stillman RA. Evidence‐based conservation in a changing world: lessons from waterbird individual‐based models. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Brown
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Fern Barrow Poole DorsetBH12 5BBUK
| | - Richard A. Stillman
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Fern Barrow Poole DorsetBH12 5BBUK
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2
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Advances and challenges in modelling the impacts of invasive alien species on aquatic ecosystems. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wood KA, Hayes RB, England J, Grey J. Invasive crayfish impacts on native fish diet and growth vary with fish life stage. AQUATIC SCIENCES 2016; 79:113-125. [PMID: 32269451 PMCID: PMC7115035 DOI: 10.1007/s00027-016-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impacts of invasive organisms is a major challenge in ecology. Some widespread invasive species such as crayfish are potential competitors and reciprocal predators of ecologically and recreationally important native fish species. Here, we examine the effects of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) on the growth, diet, and trophic position of the chub (Squalius cephalus) in four rivers in Britain. Growth rates of 0+ chub were typically lower in sympatric populations with signal crayfish compared with allopatric populations, and this effect could be traced through to 2+ chub in one river. However, growth rates of older chub (5+ to 6+) were typically higher in the presence of crayfish. Sympatry with crayfish resulted in lower chub length-at-age and mass-at-age in half of the rivers sampled, with no change detected in the other rivers. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) revealed that both chub and crayfish were omnivorous, feeding at multiple trophic levels and occupying similar trophic positions. We found some evidence that chub trophic position was greater at invaded sites on one river, with no difference detected on a second river. Mixing models suggested crayfish were important food items for both small and large chub at invaded sites. This study provides evidence that invasive species can have both positive and negative effects on different life stages of a native species, with the net impact likely to depend on responses at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Wood
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
- Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT UK
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
- Environment Agency, Apollo Court, 2 Bishops Square, St Albans Road West, Hatfield, AL10 9EX UK
| | - Judy England
- Environment Agency, Apollo Court, 2 Bishops Square, St Albans Road West, Hatfield, AL10 9EX UK
| | - Jonathan Grey
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
- The Wild Trout Trust, PO Box 120, Waterlooville, PO8 0WZ UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
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Talley DM, Talley TS, Blanco A. Insights into the establishment of the Manila clam on a tidal flat at the southern end of an introduced range in Southern California, USA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118891. [PMID: 25793603 PMCID: PMC4368422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystem modifications have contributed to the spread of introduced species through alterations of historic disturbance regimes and resource availability, and increased propagule pressure. Frequency of occurrence of the Manila clam (Venerupis phillipinarum, Veneridae) in Southern California estuaries has increased from absent or sparse to common since the mid-1990s. Potential invasion vectors include seafood sales and aquaculture, and spread from established northern populations over decades. The clam's post-settlement habitat preferences are, however, uncertain in this region. Our project aimed to identify factors associated with established patches of the clam within a bay toward the southern end of this introduced range. During summer 2013, we sampled 10 tidal flat sites in Mission Bay, San Diego; each containing an area with and without hard structure (e.g., riprap, boulders). We measured likely environmental influences (e.g., sediment variables, distance to ocean). Manila clam densities across the bay were most strongly associated with site, where highest densities were located in the northern and/or back halves of the bay; and weakly correlated with lower porewater salinities. Within sites, Manila clam density was enhanced in the presence of hard structure in most sites. Prevailing currents and salinity regimes likely contribute to bay wide distributions, while hard structures may provide suitable microhabitats (refuge from predators and physical stress) and larval entrapment within sites. Results provide insights into decisions about future shoreline management efforts. Finally, we identify directions for future study to better understand and therefore predict patterns of establishment of the Manila clam in the southern portion of its introduced range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M. Talley
- Department of Marine Science and Environmental Studies, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Theresa Sinicrope Talley
- California Sea Grant Extension Program, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Blanco
- Department of Marine Science and Environmental Studies, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Simmons BL, Sterling J, Watson JC. Species and size-selective predation by raccoons (Procyon lotor) preying on introduced intertidal clams. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Raccoons (Procyon lotor (L., 1758)) are known for their dietary plasticity and ability to exploit new resources. We studied raccoons preying on introduced intertidal clams and hypothesized that raccoons maximized energetic profit by foraging selectively. Raccoons discarded Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850)) but selected large varnish clams (Nuttallia obscurata (Reeve, 1857)), although varnish and Manila clam densities did not differ significantly and small varnish clams were more abundant than large ones. We determined the energy content of different-sized varnish and Manila clams by subtracting the cost of cracking a clam from its soft-tissue energy. Varnish clams with less shell mass than Manila clams required less energy to open, but for their size Manila clams were more profitable. We suggest that raccoons, limited to preying on clams when the tide is low and at risk feeding on an open beach, select varnish clams because they need less handling, but maximize profit by selecting large clams. Our calculations indicate that a raccoon eating large varnish clams could obtain up to 8.4% of its daily basal metabolic needs in 10 min, making varnish clams a potentially valuable new prey resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Simmons
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Jenifer Sterling
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Jane C. Watson
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
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Estelle V, Grosholz ED. Experimental test of the effects of a non-native invasive species on a wintering shorebird. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:472-481. [PMID: 22394251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of nearly one-quarter of the world's shorebird species is declining. At the same time, the number of non-native species in coastal ecosystems is increasing rapidly. In some cases, non-native species may affect negatively the abundance and diversity of shorebird prey species. We conducted an experimental study of the effects of the introduced European green crab (Carcinus maenas) on prey consumption by wintering Dunlin (Calidris alpina) in a central California estuary. We placed green crabs and Dunlin sequentially in field enclosures and measured changes in density of benthic invertebrate prey (e.g. polychaetes and small clams), Dunlin biomass, and gut contents of both Dunlin and crabs and observed foraging behavior of Dunlin. Green crabs significantly affected Dunlin foraging success through both direct and indirect multitrophic linkages. In enclosures with high densities of green crabs, crab foraging reduced the availability of polychaetes, and Dunlin consumed significantly fewer polychaetes compared with Dunlin in enclosures without crabs. High densities of green crabs were also associated with increased availability of small clams. Dunlin consumed significantly more small clams compared with Dunlin in enclosures without crabs. In our literature survey of studies of effects of non-native invasive species on shorebirds, we found three prior experiments that addressed the effect of non-native invasive species on shorebirds. Results of two of these studies showed positive direct effects of non-native invertebrates on shorebirds, 1 showed negative direct effects of a non-native plant on shorebirds through habitat conversion, and none showed indirect effects of non-native invertebrates. We suggest future management of shorebirds explicitly examine how non-native marine species, particularly invertebrates, directly and indirectly affect shorebirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Estelle
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 1401 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Responses of Australian wading birds to a novel toxic prey type, the invasive cane toad Rhinella marina. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-9974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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de Moura Queirós A, Hiddink JG, Johnson G, Cabral HN, Kaiser MJ. Context dependence of marine ecosystem engineer invasion impacts on benthic ecosystem functioning. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-9948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Toad’s tongue for breakfast: exploitation of a novel prey type, the invasive cane toad, by scavenging raptors in tropical Australia. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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West AD, Stillman RA, Drewitt A, Frost NJ, Mander M, Miles C, Langston R, Sanderson WG, Willis J. WaderMORPH - a user-friendly individual-based model to advise shorebird policy and management. Methods Ecol Evol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Traill LW, Lim MLM, Sodhi NS, Bradshaw CJA. REVIEW: Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and ecosystem function through global warming. J Anim Ecol 2010; 79:937-47. [PMID: 20487086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lochran W Traill
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Abstract
Conservation objectives for non-breeding coastal birds (shorebirds and wildfowl) are determined from their population size at coastal sites. To advise coastal managers, models must predict quantitatively the effects of environmental change on population size or the demographic rates (mortality and reproduction) that determine it. As habitat association models and depletion models are not able to do this, we developed an approach that has produced such predictions thereby enabling policy makers to make evidence-based decisions. Our conceptual framework is individual-based ecology, in which populations are viewed as having properties (e.g. size) that arise from the traits (e.g. behaviour, physiology) and interactions of their constituent individuals. The link between individuals and populations is made through individual-based models (IBMs) that follow the fitness-maximising decisions of individuals and predict population-level consequences (e.g. mortality rate) from the fates of these individuals. Our first IBM was for oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus and accurately predicted their density-dependent mortality. Subsequently, IBMs were developed for several shorebird and wildfowl species at several European sites, and were shown to predict accurately overwinter mortality, and the foraging behaviour from which predictions are derived. They have been used to predict the effect on survival in coastal birds of sea level rise, habitat loss, wind farm development, shellfishing and human disturbance. This review emphasises the wider applicability of the approach, and identifies other systems to which it could be applied. We view the IBM approach as a very useful contribution to the general problem of how to advance ecology to the point where we can routinely make meaningful predictions of how populations respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stillman
- School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK.
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Godet L, Toupoint N, Fournier J, Le Mao P, Retière C, Olivier F. Clam farmers and Oystercatchers: effects of the degradation of Lanice conchilega beds by shellfish farming on the spatial distribution of shorebirds. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:589-595. [PMID: 19100583 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum cultivation is an original shellfish farming activity strongly mechanized. In the Chausey archipelago (France) this activity settles on the Lanice conchilega beds, habitat known to host a rich and diversified benthic macrofauna and which is an attractive feeding ground for birds. A first study highlighted that this activity had strong negative effects on the L. conchilega beds and their associated benthic macrofauna. Here we assess the impacts of such an activity on the Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus for which Chausey is one of the most important national breeding sites and which is also a common species in winter, spring and autumn migrations. We found that Oystercatchers significantly selected the L. conchilega beds to feed and that their spatial distribution was significantly modified after the creation of new clam concessions. In a context of a growing disappearance of pristine coastal ecosystems for the benefit of anthropo-ecosystems, we discuss the problem of the degradation of such benthic habitats with a low resilience which may loose their high functional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Godet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5178 BOEA, CRESCO-MNHN, 38, Rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France.
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