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LaCava MEF, Griffiths JS, Ellison L, Carson EW, Hung T, Finger AJ. Loss of plasticity in maturation timing after ten years of captive spawning in a delta smelt conservation hatchery. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1845-1857. [PMID: 38029063 PMCID: PMC10681455 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to captivity in spawning programs can lead to unintentional consequences, such as domestication that results in reduced fitness in the wild. The timing of sexual maturation has been shown to be a trait under domestication selection in fish hatcheries, which affects a fish's access to mating opportunities and aligning their offspring's development with favorable environmental conditions. Earlier maturing fish may be favored in hatchery settings where managers provide artificially optimal growing conditions, but early maturation may reduce fitness in the wild if, for example, there is a mismatch between timing of reproduction and availability of resources that support recruitment. We investigated patterns of maturation timing in a delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) conservation hatchery by quantifying changes to the median age at maturity since the captive spawning program was initiated in 2008. Over the span of a decade, we observed a small, but significant increase in age at maturity among broodstock by 2.2 weeks. This trait had low heritability and was largely controlled by phenotypic plasticity that was dependent on the time of year fish were born. Fish that were born later in the year matured faster, potentially a carryover from selection favoring synchronous spawning in the wild. However, higher DI (domestication index) fish showed a loss of plasticity, we argue, as a result of hatchery practices that breed individuals past peak periods of female ripeness. Our findings suggest that the hatchery setting has relaxed selection pressures for fish to mature quickly at the end of the year and, consequently, has led to a loss of plasticity in age at maturity. Hatchery fish that are re-introduced in the wild may not be able to align maturation with population peaks if their maturation rates are too slow with reduced plasticity, potentially resulting in lower fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E. F. LaCava
- Genomic Variation Laboratory, Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joanna S. Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Luke Ellison
- Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Evan W. Carson
- US Fish and Wildlife ServiceSan Francisco Bay‐Delta Fish and Wildlife OfficeSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tien‐Chieh Hung
- Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda J. Finger
- Genomic Variation Laboratory, Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Ratcliffe FC, Garcia de Leaniz C, Consuegra S. MHC class I-α population differentiation in a commercial fish, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Anim Genet 2022; 53:340-351. [PMID: 35274334 PMCID: PMC9314080 DOI: 10.1111/age.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying population structuring in highly fecund marine species with high dispersal rates is challenging, but critical for conservation and stock delimitation for fisheries management. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a commercial species of fisheries and aquaculture relevance whose stocks are declining in the North Atlantic, despite management measures to protect them and identifying their fine population structure is needed for managing their exploitation. As for other marine fishes, neutral genetic markers indicate that eastern Atlantic sea bass form a panmictic population and is currently managed as arbitrarily divided stocks. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are key components of the adaptive immune system and ideal candidates to assess fine structuring arising from local selective pressures. We used Illumina sequencing to characterise allelic composition and signatures of selection at the MHC class I-α region of six D. labrax populations across the Atlantic range. We found high allelic diversity driven by positive selection, corresponding to moderate supertype diversity, with 131 alleles clustering into four to eight supertypes, depending on the Bayesian information criterion threshold applied, and a mean number of 13 alleles per individual. Alleles could not be assigned to particular loci, but private alleles allowed us to detect regional genetic structuring not found previously using neutral markers. Our results suggest that MHC markers can be used to detect cryptic population structuring in marine species where neutral markers fail to identify differentiation. This is particularly critical for fisheries management, and of potential use for selective breeding or identifying escapes from sea farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Ratcliffe
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Sofia Consuegra
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Buckner JC, Jack KM, Melin AD, Schoof VAM, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, Lima MGM, Lynch JW. Major histocompatibility complex class II DR and DQ evolution and variation in wild capuchin monkey species (Cebinae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254604. [PMID: 34383779 PMCID: PMC8360539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important gene complex contributing to adaptive immunity. Studies of platyrrhine MHC have focused on identifying experimental models of immune system function in the equivalent Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). These genes have thus been explored primarily in captive platyrrhine individuals from research colonies. However, investigations of standing MHC variation and evolution in wild populations are essential to understanding its role in immunity, sociality and ecology. Capuchins are a promising model group exhibiting the greatest habitat diversity, widest diet breadth and arguably the most social complexity among platyrrhines, together likely resulting in varied immunological challenges. We use high-throughput sequencing to characterize polymorphism in four Class II DR and DQ exons for the first time in seven capuchin species. We find evidence for at least three copies for DQ genes and at least five for DRB, with possible additional unrecovered diversity. Our data also reveal common genotypes that are inherited across our most widely sampled population, Cebus imitator in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Notably, phylogenetic analyses reveal that platyrrhine DQA sequences form a monophyletic group to the exclusion of all Catarrhini sequences examined. This result is inconsistent with the trans-species hypothesis for MHC evolution across infraorders in Primates and provides further evidence for the independent origin of current MHC genetic diversity in Platyrrhini. Identical allele sharing across cebid species, and more rarely genera, however, does underscore the complexity of MHC gene evolution and the need for more comprehensive assessments of allelic diversity and genome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C. Buckner
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCB); (JWL)
| | - Katharine M. Jack
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Amanda D. Melin
- Department of Anthropology & Archaeology and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Valérie A. M. Schoof
- Bilingual Biology Program, Glendon College, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marcela G. M. Lima
- Laboratory of Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jessica W. Lynch
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCB); (JWL)
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Talarico L, Marta S, Rossi AR, Crescenzo S, Petrosino G, Martinoli M, Tancioni L. Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human-mediated introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10026-10041. [PMID: 34367556 PMCID: PMC8328470 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen-mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analyzed adaptive (MHC-DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout (Salmo trutta complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene). MHC diversity and structuring correlated with those at microsatellites, indicating the substantial role of neutral forces. However, individuals carrying locally rare MHC alleles/supertypes were in better body condition (a proxy of individual fitness/parasite load) regardless of the zygosity status and degree of sequence dissimilarity of MHC, hence supporting balancing selection under rare allele advantage, but not heterozygote advantage or divergent allele advantage. The association between specific MHC supertypes and body condition confirmed in part this finding. Across populations, MHC allelic richness increased with increasing admixture between native and domestic lineages, indicating introgression as a source of MHC variation. Furthermore, introgression across populations appeared more pronounced for MHC than microsatellites, possibly because initially rare MHC variants are expected to introgress more readily under rare allele advantage. Providing evidence for the complex interplay among neutral evolutionary forces, balancing selection, and human-mediated introgression in shaping the pattern of MHC (functional) variation, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of MHC genes in wild populations exposed to anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Talarico
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and AquacultureDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Silvio Marta
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. DarwinUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Simone Crescenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. DarwinUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Gerardo Petrosino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. DarwinUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Marco Martinoli
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and AquacultureDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)Centro di Zootecnia e AcquacolturaMonterotondoItaly
| | - Lorenzo Tancioni
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and AquacultureDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
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Scherman K, Råberg L, Westerdahl H. Borrelia Infection in Bank Voles Myodes glareolus Is Associated With Specific DQB Haplotypes Which Affect Allelic Divergence Within Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703025. [PMID: 34381454 PMCID: PMC8350566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is generally considered to be a result of pathogen-mediated balancing selection. Such selection may operate in the form of heterozygote advantage, and/or through specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions. Specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions may promote polymorphism via negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), or selection that varies in time and/or space because of variability in the composition of the pathogen community (fluctuating selection; FS). In addition, divergent allele advantage (DAA) may act on top of these forms of balancing selection, explaining the high sequence divergence between MHC alleles. DAA has primarily been thought of as an extension of heterozygote advantage. However, DAA could also work in concert with NFDS though this is yet to be tested explicitly. To evaluate the importance of DAA in pathogen-mediated balancing selection, we surveyed allelic polymorphism of MHC class II DQB genes in wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and tested for associations between DQB haplotypes and infection by Borrelia afzelii, a tick-transmitted bacterium causing Lyme disease in humans. We found two significant associations between DQB haplotypes and infection status: one haplotype was associated with lower risk of infection (resistance), while another was associated with higher risk of infection (susceptibility). Interestingly, allelic divergence within individuals was higher for voles with the resistance haplotype compared to other voles. In contrast, allelic divergence was lower for voles with the susceptibility haplotype than other voles. The pattern of higher allelic divergence in individuals with the resistance haplotype is consistent with NFDS favouring divergent alleles in a natural population, hence selection where DAA works in concert with NFDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scherman
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Råberg
- Functional Zoology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Westerdahl
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Stefanović M, Ćirović D, Bogdanović N, Knauer F, Heltai M, Szabó L, Lanszki J, Zhelev CD, Schaschl H, Suchentrunk F. Positive selection on the MHC class II DLA-DQA1 gene in golden jackals (Canis aureus) from their recent expansion range in Europe and its effect on their body mass index. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:122. [PMID: 34134625 PMCID: PMC8207625 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe, golden jackals (Canis aureus) have been expanding their range out of the southern and southeastern Balkans towards central Europe continually since the 1960s. Here, we investigated the level of functional diversity at the MHC class II DLA-DQA1 exon 2 in golden jackal populations from Bulgaria, Serbia, and Hungary. Specifically, we tested for positive selection on and geographic variation at that locus due to adaptation to supposedly regionally varying pathogenic landscapes. To test for potential fitness effects of different protein variants on individual body condition, we used linear modeling of individual body mass indexes (bmi) and accounted for possible age, sex, geographical, and climatic effects. The latter approach was performed, however, only on Serbian individuals with appropriate data. Results Only three different DLA-DQA1 alleles were detected, all coding for different amino-acid sequences. The neutrality tests revealed no significant but positive values; there was no signal of spatial structuring and no deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across the studied range of expansion. However, we found a signal of trans-species polymorphism and significant test results for positive selection on three codons. Our information-theory based linear modeling results indicated an effect of ambient temperature on the occurrence of individual DLA-DQA1 genotypes in individuals from across the studied expansion range, independent from geographical position. Our linear modeling results of individual bmi values indicated that yearlings homozygous for DLA-DQA1*03001 reached values typical for adults contrary to yearlings carrying other genotypes (protein combinations). This suggested better growth rates and thus a possible fitness advantage of yearlings homozygous for DLA-DQA1*03001. Conclusions Our results indicate a demographic (stochastic) signal of reduced DLA-DQA1 exon 2 variation, in line with the documented historical demographic bottleneck. At the same time, however, allelic variation was also affected by positive selection and adaptation to varying ambient temperature, supposedly reflecting geographic variation in the pathogenic landscape. Moreover, an allele effect on body mass index values of yearlings suggested differential fitness associated with growth rates. Overall, a combination of a stochastic effect and positive selection has shaped and is still shaping the variation at the studied MHC locus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01856-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milomir Stefanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Bogdanović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Felix Knauer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklós Heltai
- Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - József Lanszki
- Ecological Research Group, University of Kaposvár, PO Box 16, 7401, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Suchentrunk
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
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Fan Q, E M, Wei Y, Sun W, Wang H. Mate Choice in Double-Breeding Female Great Tits ( Parus Major): Good Males or Compatible Males. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010140. [PMID: 33440643 PMCID: PMC7826884 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Double breeding is a common reproductive strategy among temperate passerines to increase annual fecundity. To produce two clutches in the same breeding season and to ensure offspring quality, choosing a good mate is important for females. Uncovering the method used in social mate choice for genetic benefits adopted by double-breeding females would provide a better understanding of the life history and rules of female choice. In the present study, we tested the effects of the date of the first egg of the first brood and of female quality on double breeding, and good genes and genetic compatibility hypotheses on mate choice for double breeding female great tits (Parus major) in a population breeding inside nest boxes of Zuojia Natural Reserve in northeast China. The date of the first egg of the first brood did not affect initiation of a second brood, and female individual heterozygosity slightly influenced initiation of a second breeding. Female great tits choose males with both compatible genes and good genes in double-breeding mating. Double-breeding females prefer males with large breast stripes, high heterozygosity, and lower relatedness. The number of offspring of the first clutch did not affect the pairing status of male great tits in double breeding. The genetic quality of offspring from double-breeding pairs was higher than that of those from single-breeding pairs (higher heterozygosity and lower individual F). Abstract Producing two broods within the same season may be a good strategy by which short-lived species can maximize reproductive success. To produce two clutches in the same breeding season and to ensure offspring quality, choosing a good mate is important for females. Previous studies on double breeding focused on the associated influencing factors, and few studies examined how females choose social mates. Good genes and genetic compatibility are the two main hypotheses of the genetic benefit that females obtain from choosing mates. Uncovering the method used in mate choice for genetic benefits adopted by double-breeding females would provide a better understanding of the life history and rules of female choice. The great tit is an optionally double-breeding species in temperate-latitude populations. Here, we used a dataset for a Chinese population monitored between 2014 and 2016 to test two hypotheses on double-breeding female mate choice. A total of 30.1% of the breeding pairs initiated second breeding attempts, always remating with the same mate. The date of the first egg of the first brood did not affect initiation of a second brood, and female individual heterozygosity slightly influenced initiation of a second breeding. Female great tits choose males with both compatible genes and good genes in double-breeding mating. Double-breeding females prefer males with large breast stripes, high heterozygosity, and lower relatedness, while tarsus length, repertoire size, and individual F are not the main factors considered by females when selecting males for double breeding. The number of offspring of the first clutch did not affect the pairing status of male great tits in double breeding. The genetic quality of offspring from double-breeding pairs was higher than that of those from single-breeding pairs (higher heterozygosity and lower individual F). Taken together, our results showed that double breeding female great tits adopt multiple methods for genetic benefits to choose mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Fan
- Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (Q.F.); (M.E); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mingju E
- Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (Q.F.); (M.E); (Y.W.)
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, 677 Changjibei Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yusheng Wei
- Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (Q.F.); (M.E); (Y.W.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Haitao Wang
- Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (Q.F.); (M.E); (Y.W.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (H.W.)
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Farquharson KA, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Grueber CE. Deciphering genetic mate choice: Not so simple in group-housed conservation breeding programs. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2179-2189. [PMID: 33005217 PMCID: PMC7513713 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviors. However, different types of genetic-based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials; however, this resource-intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalized linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group-housed Tasmanian devils at three nonmutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (a) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (b) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (c) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome-wide SNPs and 12 MHC-linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that nongenetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi-natural group-based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Farquharson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Carolyn J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Catherine E Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global San Diego USA
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No evidence for a relationship between MHC heterozygosity and life history strategy in a sample of North American undergraduates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10140. [PMID: 32576939 PMCID: PMC7311407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although allelic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has implications for adaptive immunity, mate choice, and social signalling, how diversity at the MHC influences the calibration of life history strategies remains largely uninvestigated. The current study investigated whether greater MHC heterozygosity was associated with markers of slower life history strategies in a sample of 789 North American undergraduates. Contrary to preregistered predictions and to previously published findings, MHC heterozygosity was not related to any of the psychological life history-relevant variables measured (including short- vs. long-term sexual strategy, temporal discounting, the Arizona life history battery, past and current health, disgust sensitivity, and Big Five personality traits). Further, no meaningful effects emerged when analysing women and men separately. Possible reasons for why the current results are inconsistent with previous work are discussed.
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Sawada A, Ando H, Takagi M. Evaluating the existence and benefit of major histocompatibility complex-based mate choice in an isolated owl population. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:762-772. [PMID: 32281698 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
How mate preferences evolve in the first place has been a major conundrum for sexual selection. Some hypotheses explaining this assume fitness benefit derived from subsequent generations. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based mate choice is a representative example of the mate choice that is associated with such trans-generational mechanisms. To provide evidences for fitness benefit of MHC-based mate choice, previous studies assessed the association between own MHC genotype and own fitness components. However, the association between MHC-based mate choice in the parental generation and fitness components in the resultant offspring generation has only rarely been measured in wild populations. Focusing on the isolated population of the monogamous Ryukyu Scops Owl (Otus elegans interpositus) on Minami-daito Island, Japan, we found evidence of MHC-based mate choice. However, we found no evidence of MHC-based mate choice increasing own reproductive success or offspring survival. This is a rare case study that directly examines the existence of the trans-generational indirect benefit of MHC-based mate choice for genetic compatibility from trans-generational data in a wild bird population. By investigating the fitness benefits of mate choice, this study serves to facilitate our understanding of the evolution of MHC-based mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sawada
- Department of Natural History Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruko Ando
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaoki Takagi
- Department of Natural History Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Silveira L, Garner SR, Neff BD. Similarity at the major histocompatibility complex class II does not influence mating patterns in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-2822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pawluk RJ, Garcia de Leaniz C, Consuegra S. Sea lice loads correlate with the diversity at the Major Histocompatibility Complex -related loci in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1091-1093. [PMID: 30919983 PMCID: PMC6850134 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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13
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Han QH, Sun RN, Yang HQ, Wang ZW, Wan QH, Fang SG. MHC class I diversity predicts non-random mating in Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:809-818. [PMID: 30670843 PMCID: PMC6781117 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has several important roles in kin recognition, pathogen resistance and mate selection. Research in fish, birds and mammals has suggested that individuals optimise MHC diversity, and therefore offspring fitness, when choosing mates. In reptiles, however, it is unclear whether female mate choice is based on genome-wide genetic characteristics such as microsatellite DNA loci, particular functional-trait loci (e.g., MHC) or both, and MHC's effects on mate choice remain relatively understudied. Herein, we used 13 microsatellite loci and two MHC class I loci to investigate female mate choice of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) in the semi-natural condition. We also determined correlations between the MHC genotype of breeding males and male reproductive success. We found that MHC-heterozygous males harbour a greater reproductive success, which probably is the reason that these males are more preferred by the females than MHC-homozygous males. Furthermore, the MHC class I amino-acid distance and functional distance of true mating pairs were higher compared with those of randomly sampled pairs. Analysis of microsatellites revealed that, despite mate choice, females did not completely avoid inbreeding. These findings are the first evidence of MHC-associated mate choice in Chinese alligators, suggesting that females may adopt different mating strategies after assessing the MHC characteristics of potential mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Hua Han
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ru-Na Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Changxing Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve, Changxing, 313100, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Guo Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Parrott ML, Nation A, Selwood L. Female mate choice significantly increases captive breeding success, and scents can be frozen to determine choice, in the stripe-faced dunnart. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Pawluk RJ, Stuart R, Garcia de Leaniz C, Cable J, Morphew RM, Brophy PM, Consuegra S. Smell of Infection: A Novel, Noninvasive Method for Detection of Fish Excretory-Secretory Proteins. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1371-1379. [PMID: 30576144 PMCID: PMC6492949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chemical
signals are produced by aquatic organisms following predatory
attacks or perturbations such as parasitic infection. Ectoparasites
feeding on fish hosts are likely to cause release of similar alarm
cues into the environment due to the stress, wounding, and immune
response stimulated upon infection. Alarm cues are often released
in the form of proteins, antimicrobial peptides, and immunoglobulins
that provide important insights into bodily function and infection
status. Here we outline a noninvasive method to identify potential
chemical cues associated with infection in fish by extracting, purifying,
and characterizing proteins from water samples from cultured fish.
Gel free proteomic methods were deemed the most suitable for protein
detection in saline water samples. It was confirmed that teleost proteins
can be characterized from water and that variation in protein profiles
could be detected between infected and uninfected individuals and
fish and parasite only water samples. Our novel assay provides a noninvasive
method for assessing the health condition of both wild and farmed
aquatic organisms. Similar to environmental DNA monitoring methods,
these proteomic techniques could provide an important tool in applied
ecology and aquatic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Pawluk
- College of Science, Biosciences , Swansea University , Swansea , SA2 8PP , U.K
| | - Rebekah Stuart
- Wales Veterinary Science Centre , Buarth, Aberystwyth , Ceredigion SY23 1ND , U.K
| | | | - Joanne Cable
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , CF10 3AX , U.K
| | - Russell M Morphew
- IBERS , Aberystwyth University , Penglais, Aberystwyth , Ceredigion SY23 3FL , U.K
| | - Peter M Brophy
- IBERS , Aberystwyth University , Penglais, Aberystwyth , Ceredigion SY23 3FL , U.K
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- College of Science, Biosciences , Swansea University , Swansea , SA2 8PP , U.K
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16
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Pawluk RJ, Uren Webster TM, Cable J, Garcia de Leaniz C, Consuegra S. Immune-Related Transcriptional Responses to Parasitic Infection in a Naturally Inbred Fish: Roles of Genotype and Individual Variation. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:319-327. [PMID: 29340582 PMCID: PMC5786212 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are strong drivers of evolutionary change and the genetic variation of both host and parasite populations can co-evolve as a function of parasite virulence and host resistance. The role of transcriptome variation in specific interactions between host and parasite genotypes has been less studied and can be confounded by differences in genetic variation. We employed two naturally inbred lines of a self-fertilizing fish to estimate the role of host genotype in the transcriptome response to parasite infection using RNA-seq. In addition, we targeted several differentially expressed immune-related genes to further investigate the relative role of individual variation in the immune response using RT-qPCR, taking advantage of the genomic uniformity of the self-fertilizing lines. We found significant differences in gene expression between lines in response to infection both in the transcriptome and in individual gene RT-qPCR analyses. Individual RT-qPCR analyses of gene expression identified significant variance differences between lines for six genes but only for three genes between infected and control fish. Our results indicate that although the genetic background plays an important role in the transcriptome response to parasites, it cannot fully explain individual differences within genetically homogeneous lines, which can be important for determining the response to parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jane Pawluk
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Cable
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Garcia de Leaniz
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
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17
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Gossieaux P, Sirois P, Bernatchez L, Garant D. Introgressive hybridization between wild and domestic individuals and its relationship with parasitism in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:664-673. [PMID: 29992561 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of introgression on parasitism in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis were investigated in 28 lakes with various levels of stocking in Québec, Canada. No effect of genetic background on parasitism was found at the individual level. Body length seemed to explain most of the variation observed at this level, with largest fish being more infected. However, lakes with the greater average domestic genetic background were found to display significantly lower parasite prevalence and diversity. Since our results indicate no effect of domestic genes at the individual level, the negative association with introgression found at the population level may be mainly attributed to differences in intrinsic environmental quality of lakes (e.g. fishing pressure, availability of food resources, abiotic characteristics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Gossieaux
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascal Sirois
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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18
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Vanessa Huml J, Taylor MI, Edwin Harris W, Sen R, Ellis JS. Neutral variation does not predict immunogenetic variation in the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)-implications for management. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4157-4173. [PMID: 30194888 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of genetic diversity is critical to successful conservation, and there is increasing demand for the inclusion of ecologically meaningful genetic information in management decisions. Supportive breeding programmes are increasingly implemented to combat declines in many species, yet their effect on adaptive genetic variation is understudied. This is despite the fact that supportive breeding may interfere with natural evolutionary processes. Here, we assessed the performance of neutral and adaptive markers (major histocompatibility complex; MHC) to inform management of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), which routinely involves supplementation of natural populations with hatchery-reared fish (stocking). This study is the first to characterize MH II DAA and DAB loci in grayling and to investigate immune genetic variation in relation to management practice in this species. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of "introduced," "stocked native" and "non-stocked native" populations revealed significantly higher levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity for MH markers than microsatellites exclusively in non-stocked native populations. Likewise, significantly lower differentiation at the MH II than for microsatellites was apparent when considering non-stocked native populations, but not stocked populations. We developed a simulation model to test the effects of relaxation of selection during the early life stage within captivity. Dependent on the census population size and stocking intensity, there may be long-term effects of stocking on MH II, but not neutral genetic diversity. This is consistent with our empirical results. This study highlights the necessity for considering adaptive genetic variation in conservation decisions and raises concerns about the efficiency of stocking as a management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Huml
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Martin I Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - W Edwin Harris
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Robin Sen
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan S Ellis
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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19
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Brandies PA, Grueber CE, Ivy JA, Hogg CJ, Belov K. Disentangling the mechanisms of mate choice in a captive koala population. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5438. [PMID: 30155356 PMCID: PMC6108315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful captive breeding programs are crucial to the long-term survival of many threatened species. However, pair incompatibility (breeding failure) limits sustainability of many captive populations. Understanding whether the drivers of this incompatibility are behavioral, genetic, or a combination of both, is crucial to improving breeding programs. We used 28 years of pairing data from the San Diego Zoo koala colony, plus genetic analyses using both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked and non-MHC-linked microsatellite markers, to show that both genetic and non-genetic factors can influence mating success. Male age was reconfirmed to be a contributing factor to the likelihood of a koala pair copulating. This trend could also be related to a pair's age difference, which was highly correlated with male age in our dataset. Familiarity was reconfirmed to increase the probability of a successful copulation. Our data provided evidence that females select mates based on MHC and genome-wide similarity. Male heterozygosity at MHC class II loci was associated with both pre- and post-copulatory female choice. Genome-wide similarity, and similarity at the MHC class II DAB locus, were also associated with female choice at the post-copulatory level. Finally, certain MHC-linked alleles were associated with either increased or decreased mating success. We predict that utilizing a variety of behavioral and MHC-dependent mate choice mechanisms improves female fitness through increased reproductive success. This study highlights the complexity of mate choice mechanisms in a species, and the importance of ascertaining mate choice mechanisms to improve the success of captive breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parice A. Brandies
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn J. Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Hartnett CM, Parrott ML, Mulder RA, Coulson G, Magrath MJ. Opportunity for female mate choice improves reproductive outcomes in the conservation breeding program of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ciborowski KL, Jordan WC, García de Leániz C, Consuegra S. Novel class II alpha MHC variability in a small peripheral Atlantic salmon population. Anim Genet 2017; 48:370-372. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Ciborowski
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - William C. Jordan
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Carlos García de Leániz
- Department of Biosciences; College of Science; Swansea University; Singleton Park SA2 8PP Swansea UK
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- Department of Biosciences; College of Science; Swansea University; Singleton Park SA2 8PP Swansea UK
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22
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Fernández‐Meirama M, Estévez D, Ng TPT, Williams GA, Carvajal‐Rodríguez A, Rolán‐Alvarez E. A novel method for estimating the strength of positive mating preference by similarity in the wild. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2883-2893. [PMID: 28479989 PMCID: PMC5415541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating preference can be a driver of sexual selection and assortative mating and is, therefore, a key element in evolutionary dynamics. Positive mating preference by similarity is the tendency for the choosy individual to select a mate which possesses a similar variant of a trait. Such preference can be modelled using Gaussian‐like mathematical functions that describe the strength of preference, but such functions cannot be applied to empirical data collected from the field. As a result, traditionally, mating preference is indirectly estimated by the degree of assortative mating (using Pearson's correlation coefficient, r) in wild captured mating pairs. Unfortunately, r and similar coefficients are often biased due to the fact that different variants of a given trait are nonrandomly distributed in the wild, and pooling of mating pairs from such heterogeneous samples may lead to “false–positive” results, termed “the scale‐of‐choice effect” (SCE). Here we provide two new estimators of mating preference (Crough and Cscaled) derived from Gaussian‐like functions which can be applied to empirical data. Computer simulations demonstrated that r coefficient showed robust estimations properties of mating preference but it was severely affected by SCE, Crough showed reasonable estimation properties and it was little affected by SCE, while Cscaled showed the best properties at infinite sample sizes and it was not affected by SCE but failed at biological sample sizes. We recommend using Crough combined with the r coefficient to infer mating preference in future empirical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Fernández‐Meirama
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e InmunologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Daniel Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e InmunologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Terence P. T. Ng
- School of Biological SciencesThe Swire Institute of Marine ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Gray A. Williams
- School of Biological SciencesThe Swire Institute of Marine ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | | | - Emilio Rolán‐Alvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e InmunologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de VigoVigoSpain
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23
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Lehnert SJ, Butts IAE, Flannery EW, Peters KM, Heath DD, Pitcher TE. Effects of ovarian fluid and genetic differences on sperm performance and fertilization success of alternative reproductive tactics in Chinook salmon. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1236-1245. [PMID: 28387056 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In many species, sperm velocity affects variation in the outcome of male competitive fertilization success. In fishes, ovarian fluid (OF) released with the eggs can increase male sperm velocity and potentially facilitate cryptic female choice for males of specific phenotypes and/or genotypes. Therefore, to investigate the effect of OF on fertilization success, we measured sperm velocity and conducted in vitro competitive fertilizations with paired Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) males representing two alternative reproductive tactics, jacks (small sneaker males) and hooknoses (large guarding males), in the presence of river water alone and OF mixed with river water. To determine the effect of genetic differences on fertilization success, we genotyped fish at neutral (microsatellites) and functional [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II ß1] markers. We found that when sperm were competed in river water, jacks sired significantly more offspring than hooknoses; however, in OF, there was no difference in paternity between the tactics. Sperm velocity was significantly correlated with paternity success in river water, but not in ovarian fluid. Paternity success in OF, but not in river water alone, was correlated with genetic relatedness between male and female, where males that were less related to the female attained greater paternity. We found no relationship between MHC II ß1 divergence between mates and paternity success in water or OF. Our results indicate that OF can influence the outcome of sperm competition in Chinook salmon, where OF provides both male tactics with fertilization opportunities, which may in part explain what maintains both tactics in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lehnert
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - I A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - E W Flannery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - K M Peters
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - D D Heath
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - T E Pitcher
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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24
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Tentelier C, Barroso-Gomila O, Lepais O, Manicki A, Romero-Garmendia I, Jugo BM. Testing mate choice and overdominance at MH in natural families of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1644-1659. [PMID: 28097664 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test mate choice and selection during early life stages on major histocompatibility (MH) genotype in natural families of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spawners and juveniles, using nine microsatellites to reconstruct families, one microsatellite linked to an MH class I gene and one minisatellite linked to an MH class II gene. MH-based mate choice was only detected for the class I locus on the first year, with lower expected heterozygosity in the offspring of actually mated pairs than predicted under random mating. The genotype frequencies of MH-linked loci observed in the juveniles were compared with frequencies expected from Mendelian inheritance of parental alleles to detect selection during early life stages. No selection was detected on the locus linked to class I gene. For the locus linked to class II gene, observed heterozygosity was higher than expected in the first year and lower in the second year, suggesting overdominance and underdominance, respectively. Within family, juveniles' body size was linked to heterozygosity at the same locus, with longer heterozygotes in the first year and longer homozygotes in the second year. Selection therefore seems to differ from one locus to the other and from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tentelier
- ECOBIOP, INRA, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - O Barroso-Gomila
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV EHU, Zientzia & Teknol Fak, Genet Antropol Fis & Animalien Fisiol Saila, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Lepais
- ECOBIOP, INRA, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - A Manicki
- ECOBIOP, INRA, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I Romero-Garmendia
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV EHU, Zientzia & Teknol Fak, Genet Antropol Fis & Animalien Fisiol Saila, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - B M Jugo
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV EHU, Zientzia & Teknol Fak, Genet Antropol Fis & Animalien Fisiol Saila, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Lewis JA, Pitcher TE. Tactic-specific benefits of polyandry in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1244-1256. [PMID: 27873318 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether polyandrous female Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha obtain benefits compared with monandrous females through an increase in hatching success. Both of the alternative reproductive tactics present in male O. tshawytscha (large hooknoses and small, precocious jacks) were used, such that eggs were either fertilized by a single male (from each tactic) or multiple males (using two males from the same or different tactics). The results show that fertilized eggs from the polyandrous treatments had a significantly higher hatching success than those from the monandrous treatments. It is also shown that sperm speed was positively related with offspring hatching success. Finally, there were tactic-specific effects on the benefits females received. The inclusion of jacks in any cross resulted in offspring with higher hatching success, with the cross that involved a male from each tactic providing offspring with the highest hatching success than any other cross. This study has important implications for the evolution of multiple mating and why it is so prevalent across taxa, while also providing knowledge on the evolution of mating systems, specifically those with alternative reproductive tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lewis
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - T E Pitcher
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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26
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Schenekar T, Weiss S. Selection and genetic drift in captive versus wild populations: an assessment of neutral and adaptive (MHC-linked) genetic variation in wild and hatchery brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Temporal and spatial instability in neutral and adaptive (MHC) genetic variation in marginal salmon populations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42416. [PMID: 28186200 PMCID: PMC5301200 DOI: 10.1038/srep42416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of marginal populations for the long-term maintenance of species’ genetic diversity and evolutionary potential is particularly timely in view of the range shifts caused by climate change. The Centre-Periphery hypothesis predicts that marginal populations should bear reduced genetic diversity and have low evolutionary potential. We analysed temporal stability at neutral microsatellite and adaptive MHC genetic variation over five decades in four marginal Atlantic salmon populations located at the southern limit of the species’ distribution with a complicated demographic history, which includes stocking with foreign and native salmon for at least 2 decades. We found a temporal increase in neutral genetic variation, as well as temporal instability in population structuring, highlighting the importance of temporal analyses in studies that examine the genetic diversity of peripheral populations at the margins of the species’ range, particularly in face of climate change.
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28
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No evidence for MHC class II-based non-random mating at the gametic haplotype in Atlantic salmon. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:563-567. [PMID: 28098849 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a likely target of mate choice because of their role in inbreeding avoidance and potential benefits for offspring immunocompetence. Evidence for female choice for complementary MHC alleles among competing males exists both for the pre- and the postmating stages. However, it remains unclear whether the latter may involve non-random fusion of gametes depending on gametic haplotypes resulting in transmission ratio distortion or non-random sequence divergence among fused gametes. We tested whether non-random gametic fusion of MHC-II haplotypes occurs in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. We performed in vitro fertilizations that excluded interindividual sperm competition using a split family design with large clutch sample sizes to test for a possible role of the gametic haplotype in mate choice. We sequenced two MHC-II loci in 50 embryos per clutch to assess allelic frequencies and sequence divergence. We found no evidence for transmission ratio distortion at two linked MHC-II loci, nor for non-random gamete fusion with respect to MHC-II alleles. Our findings suggest that the gametic MHC-II haplotypes play no role in gamete association in Atlantic salmon and that earlier findings of MHC-based mate choice most likely reflect choice among diploid genotypes. We discuss possible explanations for these findings and how they differ from findings in mammals.
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Sexual selection for genetic compatibility: the role of the major histocompatibility complex on cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:442-452. [PMID: 28051059 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic female choice (CFC), a form of sexual selection during or post mating, describes processes of differential sperm utilization by females to bias fertilization outcomes towards certain males. In Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) the ovarian fluid surrounding the ova of a given female differently enhances the sperm velocity of males. Sperm velocity is a key ejaculate trait that determines fertilization success in externally fertilizing fishes, thus the differential effect on sperm velocity might bias male fertilization outcomes and represent a mechanism of CFC. Once sperm reach the oocyte, CFC could potentially be further facilitated by sperm-egg interactions, which are well understood in externally fertilizing marine invertebrates. Here, we explored the potential genetic basis of both possible mechanisms of CFC by examining whether the genotypic combinations of mates (amino-acid divergence, number of shared alleles) at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II explain the variation in sperm velocity and/or male fertilization success that is not explained by sperm velocity, which might indicate MHC-based sperm-egg interactions. We recorded sperm velocity in ovarian fluid, employed paired-male fertilization trials and evaluated the fertilization success of each male using microsatellite-based paternity assignment. We showed that relative sperm velocity was positively correlated with fertilization success, confirming that the differential effect on sperm velocity may be a mechanism of CFC in Chinook salmon. The variation in sperm velocity was independent of MHC class I and II. However, the MHC class II divergence of mates explained fertilization success, indicating that this locus might influence sperm-egg interactions.
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Osborne MJ, Pilger TJ, Lusk JD, Turner TF. Spatio-temporal variation in parasite communities maintains diversity at the major histocompatibility complex class IIβ in the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:471-489. [PMID: 27864911 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will strongly impact aquatic ecosystems particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Fish-parasite interactions will also be affected by predicted altered flow and temperature regimes, and other environmental stressors. Hence, identifying environmental and genetic factors associated with maintaining diversity at immune genes is critical for understanding species' adaptive capacity. Here, we combine genetic (MHC class IIβ and microsatellites), parasitological and ecological data to explore the relationship between these factors in the remnant wild Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) population, an endangered species found in the southwestern United States. Infections with multiple parasites on the gills were observed and there was spatio-temporal variation in parasite communities and patterns of infection among individuals. Despite its highly endangered status and chronically low genetic effective size, Rio Grande silvery minnow had high allelic diversity at MHC class IIβ with more alleles recognized at the presumptive DAB1 locus compared to the DAB3 locus. We identified significant associations between specific parasites and MHC alleles against a backdrop of generalist parasite prevalence. We also found that individuals with higher individual neutral heterozygosity and higher amino acid divergence between MHC alleles had lower parasite abundance and diversity. Taken together, these results suggest a role for fluctuating selection imposed by spatio-temporal variation in pathogen communities and divergent allele advantage in maintenance of high MHC polymorphism. Understanding the complex interaction of habitat, pathogens and immunity in protected species will require integrated experimental, genetic and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Osborne
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Tyler J Pilger
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Joel D Lusk
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Ecological Services, Albuquerque, NM, 87113, USA
| | - Thomas F Turner
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Smallbone W, van Oosterhout C, Cable J. The effects of inbreeding on disease susceptibility: Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection of guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Rosengrave P, Montgomerie R, Gemmell N. Cryptic female choice enhances fertilization success and embryo survival in chinook salmon. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160001. [PMID: 27009221 PMCID: PMC4822462 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated two potentially important intersexual postcopulatory gametic interactions in a population of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): (i) the effect of female ovarian fluid (OF) on the behaviour of spermatozoa during fertilization and (ii) the effects of multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) (as an index of male quality) and female-male genetic relatedness on sperm behaviour and male fertilization success when there is sperm competition in the presence of that OF. To do this, we conducted a series of in vitro competitive fertilization experiments and found that, when ejaculates from two males are competing for access to a single female's unfertilized eggs, fertilization success was significantly biased towards the male whose sperm swam fastest in the female's OF. Embryo survival--a measure of fitness--was also positively correlated with both sperm swimming speed in OF and male MLH, providing novel evidence that cryptic female choice is adaptive for the female, enhancing the early survival of her offspring and potentially influencing her fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Rosengrave
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert Montgomerie
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7 L 3N6
| | - Neil Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lumley AJ, Diamond SE, Einum S, Yeates SE, Peruffo D, Emerson BC, Gage MJG. Post-copulatory opportunities for sperm competition and cryptic female choice provide no offspring fitness benefits in externally fertilizing salmon. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150709. [PMID: 27069665 PMCID: PMC4821276 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that females can somehow improve their offspring fitness by mating with multiple males, but we understand little about the exact stage(s) at which such benefits are gained. Here, we measure whether offspring fitness is influenced by mechanisms operating solely between sperm and egg. Using externally fertilizing and polyandrous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), we employed split-clutch and split-ejaculate in vitro fertilization experiments to generate offspring using designs that either denied or applied opportunities for sperm competition and cryptic female choice. Following fertilizations, we measured 140 days of offspring fitness after hatch, through growth and survival in hatchery and near-natural conditions. Despite an average composite mortality of 61%, offspring fitness at every life stage was near-identical between groups fertilized under the absence versus presence of opportunities for sperm competition and cryptic female choice. Of the 21 551 and 21 771 eggs from 24 females fertilized under monandrous versus polyandrous conditions, 68% versus 67.8% survived to the 100-day juvenile stage; sub-samples showed similar hatching success (73.1% versus 74.3%), had similar survival over 40 days in near-natural streams (57.3% versus 56.2%) and grew at similar rates throughout. We therefore found no evidence that gamete-specific interactions allow offspring fitness benefits when polyandrous fertilization conditions provide opportunities for sperm competition and cryptic female choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson J. Lumley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sian E. Diamond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim 7485, Norway
| | - Sarah E. Yeates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Danielle Peruffo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Matthew J. G. Gage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Arbuthnott D, Crespi BJ, Schwander T. Female Stick Insects Mate Multiply to Find Compatible Mates. Am Nat 2015; 186:519-30. [DOI: 10.1086/682675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wright DJ, Brouwer L, Mannarelli ME, Burke T, Komdeur J, Richardson DS. Social pairing of Seychelles warblers under reduced constraints: MHC, neutral heterozygosity, and age. Behav Ecol 2015; 27:295-303. [PMID: 26792973 PMCID: PMC4718175 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and significance of precopulatory mate choice remains keenly debated. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in vertebrate adaptive immunity, and variation at the MHC influences individual survival. Although MHC-dependent mate choice has been documented in certain species, many other studies find no such pattern. This may be, at least in part, because in natural systems constraints may reduce the choices available to individuals and prevent full expression of underlying preferences. We used translocations to previously unoccupied islands to experimentally reduce constraints on female social mate choice in the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), a species in which patterns of MHC-dependent extrapair paternity (EPP), but not social mate choice, have been observed. We find no evidence of MHC-dependent social mate choice in the new populations. Instead, we find that older males and males with more microsatellite heterozygosity are more likely to have successfully paired. Our data cannot resolve whether these patterns in pairing were due to male-male competition or female choice. However, our research does suggest that female Seychelles warblers do not choose social mates using MHC class I to increase fitness. It may also indicate that the MHC-dependent EPP observed in the source population is probably due to mechanisms other than female precopulatory mate choice based on MHC cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK,; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Lyanne Brouwer
- Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 , Australia
| | - Maria-Elena Mannarelli
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen , The Netherlands , and
| | - David S Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK,; Nature Seychelles, Centre for Environment and Education, The Sanctuary, PO Box 1310, Roche Caiman, Victoria, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles
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Yano S, Sakamoto KQ, Habara Y. Female Mice Avoid Male Odor from the Same Strain via the Vomeronasal System in an Estrogen-Dependent Manner. Chem Senses 2015; 40:641-8. [PMID: 26377346 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding avoidance is essential to providing offspring with genetic diversity. Females' mate choice is more crucial than males' for successful reproduction because of the high cost of producing gametes and limited chances to mate. However, the mechanism of female inbreeding avoidance is still unclear. To elucidate the mechanism underlying inbreeding avoidance by females, we conducted Y-maze behavioral assays using BALB/c and C57BL/6 female mice. In both strains, the avoidance of male urine from the same strain was lower in the low estrogen phase than in the high estrogen phase. The estrous cycle-dependent avoidance was completely prevented by vomeronasal organ (VNO) removal. To assess the regulation of the vomeronasal system by estrogen, the neural excitability was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of the immediate early gene products. Although estrogen did not affect neural excitability in the VNO, estrogen enhanced the neural excitability of the mitral cell layer in the AOB induced by urine from the cognate males. These results suggest that female mice avoid odor from genetically similar males in an estrogen-dependent manner via the vomeronasal system and the excitability of the mitral cells in the AOB is presumed to be regulated by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yano
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kentaro Q Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Habara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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37
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Gene dynamics of toll-like receptor 4 through a population bottleneck in an insular population of water voles (Arvicola amphibius). CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parrott ML, Ward SJ, Temple-Smith PD, Selwood L. Females Choose Mates Based on Genetic Relatedness in a Small Dasyurid Marsupial, the Agile Antechinus (Antechinus agilis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122381. [PMID: 25923325 PMCID: PMC4414469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Females in a variety of taxa mate with more than one male during a single oestrus and exhibit mate preferences for genetically compatible males, but the influence of female mate choice on siring success is not clearly understood. Whether females choose to mate with more than one male or endure forced copulations is also often unknown. Here, we examined the effects of genetic relatedness on female mate choice and siring success in a small semelparous carnivorous marsupial, the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), during two consecutive breeding seasons. Experimental trials were conducted in captivity over periods of 72 hours using interconnected enclosures in which female antechinus could choose to access any of four separated males, but males were only able to access females that entered their quarters. Females had access to two genetically similar and two genetically dissimilar males simultaneously and all behavioural interactions were observed and scored from continuous video recordings. Genetic similarity between mates and paternity of young was determined by microsatellite analyses. Some females chose to enter and mate with more than one male during a single oestrus period. Although females investigated all males, they spent significantly more time visiting, and mated more times with, genetically dissimilar males. Males that were genetically dissimilar to the female sired 88% of subsequent offspring. Whilst males mated readily with most females, they rejected the advances of some receptive females, indicating a previously unexpected level of male mate choice. The results show that genetic relatedness between mates has a significant influence on mate choice, breeding and siring success in the agile antechinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Parrott
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon J. Ward
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Division, NT Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Palmerston, Australia
| | - Peter D. Temple-Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lynne Selwood
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Effects of heterozygosity and MHC diversity on patterns of extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous scarlet rosefinch. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Kuduk K, Babik W, Bellemain E, Valentini A, Zedrosser A, Taberlet P, Kindberg J, Swenson JE, Radwan J. No evidence for the effect of MHC on male mating success in the brown bear. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113414. [PMID: 25470381 PMCID: PMC4254848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate choice is thought to contribute to the maintenance of the spectacularly high polymorphism of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes, along with balancing selection from parasites, but the relative contribution of the former mechanism is debated. Here, we investigated the association between male MHC genotype and mating success in the brown bear. We analysed fragments of sequences coding for the peptide-binding region of the highly polymorphic MHC class I and class II DRB genes, while controlling for genome-wide effects using a panel of 18 microsatellite markers. Male mating success did not depend on the number of alleles shared with the female or amino-acid distance between potential mates at either locus. Furthermore, we found no indication of female mating preferences for MHC similarity being contingent on the number of alleles the females carried. Finally, we found no significant association between the number of MHC alleles a male carried and his mating success. Thus, our results provided no support for the role of mate choice in shaping MHC polymorphism in the brown bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuduk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eva Bellemain
- SPYGEN, Savoie Technolac - Bât. Koala 17, rue du Lac Saint-André - BP 274, 73375, Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France
| | - Alice Valentini
- SPYGEN, Savoie Technolac - Bât. Koala 17, rue du Lac Saint-André - BP 274, 73375, Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
- Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AT-1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- CNRS, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon E. Swenson
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Johnsson JI, Brockmark S, Näslund J. Environmental effects on behavioural development consequences for fitness of captive-reared fishes in the wild. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1946-1971. [PMID: 25469953 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Why do captive-reared fishes generally have lower fitness in natural environments than wild conspecifics, even when the hatchery fishes are derived from wild parents from the local population? A thorough understanding of this question is the key to design artificial rearing environments that optimize post-release performance, as well as to recognize the limitations of what can be achieved by modifying hatchery rearing methods. Fishes are generally very plastic in their development and through gene-environment interactions, epigenetic and maternal effects their phenotypes will develop differently depending on their rearing environment. This suggests that there is scope for modifying conventional rearing environments to better prepare fishes for release into the wild. The complexity of the natural environment is impossible to mimic in full-scale rearing facilities. So, in reality, the challenge is to identify key modifications of the artificial rearing environment that are practically and economically feasible and that efficiently promote development towards a more wild-like phenotype. Do such key modifications really exist? Here, attempts to use physical enrichment and density reduction to improve the performance of hatchery fishes are discussed and evaluated. These manipulations show potential to increase the fitness of hatchery fishes released into natural environments, but the success is strongly dependent on adequately adapting methods to species and life stage-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Johnsson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 463, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Larson WA, Seeb JE, Dann TH, Schindler DE, Seeb LW. Signals of heterogeneous selection at an MHC locus in geographically proximate ecotypes of sockeye salmon. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5448-61. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A. Larson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; 1122 NE Boat Street Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
| | - James E. Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; 1122 NE Boat Street Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
| | - Tyler H. Dann
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; 1122 NE Boat Street Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
- Gene Conservation Laboratory; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage AK 99518 USA
| | - Daniel E. Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; 1122 NE Boat Street Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
| | - Lisa W. Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; 1122 NE Boat Street Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195-5020 USA
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Johnson SL, Villarroel M, Rosengrave P, Carne A, Kleffmann T, Lokman PM, Gemmell NJ. Proteomic analysis of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ovarian fluid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104155. [PMID: 25089903 PMCID: PMC4121310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian, or coelomic, fluid that is released with the egg mass of many fishes is increasingly found to play an important role in several biological processes crucial for reproductive success. These include maintenance of oocyte fertility and developmental competence, prolonging of sperm motility, and enhancing sperm swimming speed. Here we examined if and how the proteome of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ovarian fluid varied among females and then sought to examine the composition of this fluid. Ovarian fluid in chinook salmon was analyzed using 1D SDS PAGE and LC-MS/MS tryptic digest screened against Mascot and Sequest databases. We found marked differences in the number and concentrations of proteins in salmon ovarian fluid across different females. A total of 174 proteins were identified in ovarian fluid, 47 of which were represented by six or more peptides, belonging to one of six Gene Ontology pathways. The response to chemical stimulus and response to hypoxia pathways were best represented, accounting for 26 of the 174 proteins. The current data set provides a resource that furthers our understanding of those factors that influence successful egg production and fertilisation in salmonids and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L. Johnson
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Marsha Villarroel
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patrice Rosengrave
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P. Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dierking J, Phelps L, Præbel K, Ramm G, Prigge E, Borcherding J, Brunke M, Eizaguirre C. Anthropogenic hybridization between endangered migratory and commercially harvested stationary whitefish taxa (Coregonus spp.). Evol Appl 2014; 7:1068-83. [PMID: 25553068 PMCID: PMC4231596 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural hybridization plays a key role in the process of speciation. However, anthropogenic (human induced) hybridization of historically isolated taxa raises conservation issues. Due to weak barriers to gene flow and the presence of endangered taxa, the whitefish species complex is an excellent study system to investigate the consequences of hybridization in conservation. We focused on three naturally reproductively isolated whitefish taxa in Germany: the endangered, anadromous North Sea houting (NSH) and Baltic houting (BH), which were reintroduced after local extinction, and the commercially stocked European whitefish (EW). To evaluate the genetic integrity of each taxon, source and reintroduced populations of NSH and BH, and EW populations were characterized based on two mitochondrial and 17 microsatellite loci. Additionally, we investigated gill raker counts as an adaptive phenotypic trait. Even though clear genetic and phenotypic differentiation confirmed the houtings as separate evolutionarily significant units, admixture analyses revealed an extensive hybrid zone. Hybridizations were introgressive, positively correlated with genetic diversity, and were reflected in the gill raker counts. The BH distribution range showed higher heterogeneity and stronger admixture than the NSH range. Erroneous stocking with non-native genotypes best explained these patterns, which pose challenges for the conservation of the endangered NSH and BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dierking
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Luke Phelps
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany ; Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön, Germany
| | - Kim Præbel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gesine Ramm
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany ; Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Enno Prigge
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Jost Borcherding
- General Ecology & Limnology, Ecological Research Station Grietherbusch, Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Brunke
- Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (LLUR) Flintbek, Germany
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
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Soper DM, King KC, Vergara D, Lively CM. Exposure to parasites increases promiscuity in a freshwater snail. Biol Lett 2014; 10:20131091. [PMID: 24759366 PMCID: PMC4013694 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the Red Queen hypothesis, outcrossing can produce genetically variable progeny, which may be more resistant, on average, to locally adapted parasites. Mating with multiple partners may enhance this resistance by further increasing the genetic variation among offspring. We exposed Potamopyrgus antipodarum to the eggs of a sterilizing, trematode parasite and tested whether this altered mating behaviour. We found that exposure to parasites increased the number of snail mating pairs and the total number of different mating partners for both males and females. Thus, our results suggest that, in host populations under parasite-mediated selection, exposure to infective propagules increases the rate of mating and the number of mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Soper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, , Bloomington, IN, USA
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Monzón-Argüello C, Garcia de Leaniz C, Gajardo G, Consuegra S. Eco-immunology of fish invasions: the role of MHC variation. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:393-402. [PMID: 24752816 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between invaders and the pathogens encountered in their new environment can have a large effect on invasion success. Invaders can become free from their natural pathogens and reallocate costly immune resources to growth and reproduction, thereby increasing invasion success. Release from enemies and relaxation of selective pressures could render newly founded populations more variable at immune-related genes, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), particularly when they have different origins. Using rainbow and brown trout, two of the world's most successful fish invaders, we tested the general hypothesis that invaders should display high intrapopulation immunogenetic diversity and interpopulation divergence, due to the interplay between genetic drift and successive waves of genetically divergent introductions. We analysed genetic diversity and signatures of selection at the MHC class II β immune-related locus. In both species, MHC diversity (allelic richness and heterozygosity) for southern hemisphere populations was similar to values reported for populations at their native range. However, MHC functional diversity was limited, and population immunogenetic structuring weaker than that observed using neutral markers. Depleted MHC functional diversity could reflect a decrease in immune response, immune-related assortative mating or selection for resistance to newly encountered parasites. Given that the role of MHC diversity in the survival of these populations remains unclear, depleted functional diversity of invasive salmonids could compromise their long-term persistence. A better understanding of the eco-immunology of invaders may help in managing and preventing the impact of biological invasions, a major cause of loss of biodiversity worldwide.
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Roth O, Sundin J, Berglund A, Rosenqvist G, Wegner KM. Male mate choice relies on major histocompatibility complex class I in a sex-role-reversed pipefish. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:929-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Roth
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - J. Sundin
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Berglund
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - G. Rosenqvist
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - K. M. Wegner
- Coastal Ecology; Alfred Wegener Institute-Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; List Germany
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Small MP, Johnson TH, Bowman C, Martinez E. Genetic assessment of a summer chum salmon metapopulation in recovery. Evol Appl 2014; 7:266-85. [PMID: 24567747 PMCID: PMC3927888 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Programs to rebuild imperiled wild fish populations often include hatchery-born fish derived from wild populations to supplement natural spawner abundance. These programs require monitoring to determine their demographic, biological, and genetic effects. In 1990s in Washington State, the Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative developed a recovery program for the threatened Hood Canal summer chum salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) (the metapopulation) that used in-river spawners (wild fish) for each respective supplementation broodstock in six tributaries. Returning spawners (wild-born and hatchery-born) composed subsequent broodstocks, and tributary-specific supplementation was limited to three generations. We assessed impacts of the programs on neutral genetic diversity in this metapopulation using 16 microsatellite loci and a thirty-year dataset spanning before and after supplementation, roughly eight generations. Following supplementation, differentiation among subpopulations decreased (but not significantly) and isolation by distance patterns remained unchanged. There was no decline in genetic diversity in wild-born fish, but hatchery-born fish sampled in the same spawning areas had significantly lower genetic diversity and unequal family representation. Despite potential for negative effects from supplementation programs, few were detected in wild-born fish. We hypothesize that chum salmon natural history makes them less vulnerable to negative impacts from hatchery supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen P Small
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Molecular Genetics Laboratory Olympia, WA, USA
| | | | - Cherril Bowman
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Molecular Genetics Laboratory Olympia, WA, USA
| | - Edith Martinez
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Molecular Genetics Laboratory Olympia, WA, USA
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Barber I. Sticklebacks as model hosts in ecological and evolutionary parasitology. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:556-66. [PMID: 24145060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The three-spined stickleback is a small teleost fish, native to coastal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, which has emerged as a key model organism in evolutionary biology and ecology. Sticklebacks possess a well-documented and experimentally amenable parasite fauna, and are well suited to both laboratory and field parasitological investigation. As a consequence, sticklebacks have been extensively used as model hosts in studies of host-parasite interactions, and these studies have provided considerable insight into the roles of parasites in ecology and evolutionary biology. In this review, I discuss key advances in our understanding of host-parasite interactions that have arisen from studies involving stickleback hosts, highlight areas of current research activity, and identify potentially promising areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Barber
- Department of Biology, Adrian Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Holman L, van Zweden JS, Linksvayer TA, d'Ettorre P. Crozier's paradox revisited: maintenance of genetic recognition systems by disassortative mating. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:211. [PMID: 24070498 PMCID: PMC3850703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organisms are predicted to behave more favourably towards relatives, and kin-biased cooperation has been found in all domains of life from bacteria to vertebrates. Cooperation based on genetic recognition cues is paradoxical because it disproportionately benefits individuals with common phenotypes, which should erode the required cue polymorphism. Theoretical models suggest that many recognition loci likely have some secondary function that is subject to diversifying selection, keeping them variable. Results Here, we use individual-based simulations to investigate the hypothesis that the dual use of recognition cues to facilitate social behaviour and disassortative mating (e.g. for inbreeding avoidance) can maintain cue diversity over evolutionary time. Our model shows that when organisms mate disassortatively with respect to their recognition cues, cooperation and recognition locus diversity can persist at high values, especially when outcrossed matings produce more surviving offspring. Mating system affects cue diversity via at least four distinct mechanisms, and its effects interact with other parameters such as population structure. Also, the attrition of cue diversity is less rapid when cooperation does not require an exact cue match. Using a literature review, we show that there is abundant empirical evidence that heritable recognition cues are simultaneously used in social and sexual behaviour. Conclusions Our models show that mate choice is one possible resolution of the paradox of genetic kin recognition, and the literature review suggests that genetic recognition cues simultaneously inform assortative cooperation and disassortative mating in a large range of taxa. However, direct evidence is scant and there is substantial scope for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Holman
- Department of Biology, Centre for Social Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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