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Saha K, Joshi K, Balakrishnan R. Multimodal duetting in katydids under bat predation risk: a winning strategy for both sexes. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230110. [PMID: 37194255 PMCID: PMC10189300 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duetting is a behaviour observed in some animal species, in which both males and females participate in signalling to find mates. It may have evolved as an adaptation to reduce the costs associated with mate-finding behaviours, such as predation risk. Duetting systems allow estimation of sex-specific predation risks of signalling and searching in the same species, giving insights into the selective forces acting on these behaviours. Using an acoustic-vibratory duetting katydid, Onomarchus uninotatus, and its bat predator, Megaderma spasma, we estimated the sex-specific predation costs of different mate-finding behaviours, such as walking, flying and signalling, by conducting experiments with untethered live katydids and bats. We found that acoustic-vibratory duetting benefits both the sexes as a low-risk mate-finding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Saha
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kunjan Joshi
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonepet, Haryana, India
| | - Rohini Balakrishnan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Saha K, Prakash H, Mohapatra PP, Balakrishnan R. Is flying riskier for female katydids than for males? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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3
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Modak S, Brown WD, Balakrishnan R. Decoupling of female phonotaxis and mating propensity in a tree cricket. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Symes LB, Robillard T, Martinson SJ, Dong J, Kernan CE, Miller CR, Ter Hofstede HM. Daily signaling rate and the duration of sound per signal are negatively related in Neotropical forest katydids. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:887-899. [PMID: 34137809 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have long examined the structure of animal advertisement signals, but comparatively little is known about how often these signals are repeated and what factors predict variation in signaling rate across species. Here, we focus on acoustic advertisement signals to test the hypothesis that calling males experience a tradeoff between investment in the duration or complexity of individual calls and investment in signaling over long time periods. This hypothesis predicts that the number of signals that a male produces per 24 hours will negatively correlate with 1) the duration of sound that is produced in each call (the sum of all pulses) and 2) the number of sound pulses per call. To test this hypothesis, we measured call parameters and the number of calls produced per 24 hours in 16 species of sympatric phaneropterine katydids from the Panamanian rainforest. This assemblage also provided us with the opportunity to test a second taxonomically-specific hypothesis about signaling rates in taxa such as phaneropterine katydids that transition from advertisement calls to mating duets to facilitate mate localization. To establish duets, male phaneropterine katydids call and females produce a short acoustic reply. These duets facilitate searching by males, females, or both sexes, depending on the species. We test the hypothesis that males invest either in calling or in searching for females. This hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between how often males signal over 24 hours and how much males move across the landscape relative to females. For the first hypothesis, there was a strong negative relationship between the number of signals and the duration of sound that is produced in each signal, but we find no relationship between the number of signals produced per 24 hours and the number of pulses per signal. This result suggests the presence of cross-taxa tradeoffs that limit signal production and duration, but not the structure of individual signals. These tradeoffs could be driven by energetic limitations, predation pressure, signal efficacy, or other signaling costs. For the second hypothesis, we find a negative relationship between the number of signals produced per day and proportion of the light trap catch that is male, likely reflecting males investing either in calling or in searching. These cross-taxa relationships point to the presence of pervasive trade-offs that fundamentally shape the spatial and temporal dynamics of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel B Symes
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.,Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sharon J Martinson
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.,Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ciara E Kernan
- Dartmouth College, Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Colleen R Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University
| | - Hannah M Ter Hofstede
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.,Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dartmouth College, Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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5
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Henshaw JM, Fromhage L, Jones AG. Sex roles and the evolution of parental care specialization. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191312. [PMID: 31455191 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Males and females are defined by the relative size of their gametes (anisogamy), but secondary sexual dimorphism in fertilization, parental investment and mating competition is widespread and often remarkably stable over evolutionary timescales. Recent theory has clarified the causal connections between anisogamy and the most prevalent differences between the sexes, but deviations from these patterns remain poorly understood. Here, we study how sex differences in parental investment and mating competition coevolve with parental care specialization. Parental investment often consists of two or more distinct activities (e.g. provisioning and defence) and parents may care more efficiently by specializing in a subset of these activities. Our model predicts that efficient care specialization broadens the conditions under which biparental investment can evolve in lineages that historically had uniparental care. Major transitions in sex roles (e.g. from female-biased care with strong male mating competition to male-biased care with strong female competition) can arise following ecologically induced changes in the costs or benefits of different care types, or in the sex ratio at maturation. Our model provides a clear evolutionary mechanism for sex-role transitions, but also predicts that such transitions should be rare. It consequently contributes towards explaining widespread phylogenetic inertia in parenting and mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Henshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter MS 3051, Moscow, ID, USA.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland
| | - Lutz Fromhage
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland
| | - Adam G Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter MS 3051, Moscow, ID, USA
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6
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Sex differences in immunity in a natural population of bush-cricket (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Torsekar VR, Isvaran K, Balakrishnan R. Is the predation risk of mate-searching different between the sexes? Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Picchi L, Lorenzi MC. Gender-related behaviors: evidence for a trade-off between sexual functions in a hermaphrodite. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picchi
- LEEC—Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, J.-B. Clément, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Maria Cristina Lorenzi
- LEEC—Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, J.-B. Clément, Villetaneuse, France
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9
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Stanger-Hall KF, Sander Lower SE, Lindberg L, Hopkins A, Pallansch J, Hall DW. The evolution of sexual signal modes and associated sensor morphology in fireflies (Lampyridae, Coleoptera). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2384. [PMID: 29343601 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals employ different sexual signal modes (e.g. visual, acoustic, chemical) in different environments and behavioural contexts. If sensory structures are costly, then evolutionary shifts in primary signal mode should be associated with changes in sensor morphology. Further, sex differences are expected if male and female signalling behaviours differ. Fireflies are known for their light displays, but many species communicate exclusively with pheromones, including species that recently lost their light signals. We performed phylogenetically controlled analyses of male eye and antenna size in 46 North American taxa, and found that light signals are associated with larger eyes and shorter antennae. In addition, following a transition from nocturnal light displays to diurnal pheromones, eye size reductions occur more rapidly than antenna size increases. In agreement with the North American taxa, across 101 worldwide firefly taxa in 32 genera, we found light displays are associated with larger eye and smaller antenna sizes in both males and females. For those taxa with both male and female data, we found sex differences in eye size and, for diurnal species, in antenna size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauri Lindberg
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Hopkins
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jenna Pallansch
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David W Hall
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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10
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Grzywacz B, Lehmann AW, Chobanov DP, Lehmann GU. Multiple origin of flightlessness in Phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus Odonturini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Beyer M, Czaczkes TJ, Tuni C. Does silk mediate chemical communication between the sexes in a nuptial feeding spider? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Mate search and mate-finding Allee effect: on modeling mating in sex-structured population models. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Berec L, Bernhauerová V, Boldin B. Evolution of mate-finding Allee effect in prey. J Theor Biol 2017; 441:9-18. [PMID: 29277599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for mates is often accompanied with conspicuous behaviour or morphology that can be exploited by predators. Here we explore the evolutionary consequences of a trade-off that arises naturally between mate acquisition and risk of predation and study evolution of the rate at which male prey search for mates in a population subject to a mate-finding Allee effect and exposed to either generalist or specialist predators. Since we show that the mate search rate determines the strength of the mate-finding Allee effect, we can alternatively view this as evolution of the mate-finding Allee effect in prey. We contrast two different life histories and find that, predominantly, male prey either evolve towards the maximal mate search rate yielding the weakest possible mate-finding Allee effect (thus showing no adaptive response in mating behaviour to predation risk) or evolutionary bi-stability occurs. In the latter case, males evolve a relatively low mate search rate (hence a relatively strong mate-finding Allee effect, interpreted as an adaptive response of male prey to predation) when initially slow or the maximal mate search rate when initially fast. Disruptive selection does not occur in populations exposed to generalist predators but is possible when predators are specialists. The dimorphic phase, in which fast and conspicuous male prey coexist with slow and cryptic ones, is however but a transient in evolutionary dynamics as one branch goes extinct while the other evolves towards the maximal mate search rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Berec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Department of Ecology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic; Institute of Mathematics and Biomathematics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic. http://www.entu.cas.cz/berec/
| | - Veronika Bernhauerová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Viral Populations and Parthenogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Barbara Boldin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Koper SI-6000, Slovenia.
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14
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Simmons LW. Sexual signalling by females: do unmated females increase their signalling effort? Biol Lett 2016; 11:20150298. [PMID: 26109613 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that females should invest least in mate searching when young, but increase their effort with age if they remain unmated. Few studies have examined variation in female sexual signalling. Female Dawson's burrowing bees (Amegilla dawsoni) search for males by signalling their receptivity on emergence, but many leave the emergence site unmated and must attract males at feeding sites. Female bees prevented from mating on emergence had more extreme versions of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles that make them attractive to males, lending empirical evidence of adaptive shifts in female mating effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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15
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Uma R, Sevgili H. Spermatophore allocation strategy over successive matings in the bushcricketIsophya sikorai(Orthoptera Phaneropterinae). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2014.896830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Shaw AK, Kokko H. Mate finding, Allee effects and selection for sex-biased dispersal. J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:1256-67. [PMID: 24738755 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although dispersal requires context-dependent decision-making in three distinct stages (emigration, transit, immigration), these decisions are commonly ignored in simple models of dispersal. For sexually reproducing organisms, mate availability is an important factor in dispersal decisions. Difficulty finding mates can lead to an Allee effect where population growth decreases at low densities. Surprisingly, theoretical studies on mate finding and on sex-biased dispersal produce opposing predictions: in the former, one sex is predicted to move less if the other sex evolves to search more, whereas in the latter, mate-finding difficulties can select for less sex bias in dispersal when mate finding occurs after dispersal. Here, we develop a pair of models to examine the joint evolution of dispersal and settlement behaviour. Our first model resolves the apparent contradiction from the mate search and dispersal literatures. Our second model demonstrates that the relationship between mating system and sex-biased dispersal is more complex than a simple contrast between resource defence monogamy and female defence polygyny. Our results highlight that a key factor is the timing of mating relative to dispersal (before, during, or after). We also show that although movement has the potential to alleviate a mate-finding Allee effect, in some cases, it can actually exacerbate the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Shaw
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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17
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Lehmann GUC. Weighing costs and benefits of mating in bushcrickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with an emphasis on nuptial gifts, protandry and mate density. Front Zool 2012; 9:19. [PMID: 22894685 PMCID: PMC3480873 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is a major force driving evolution and is intertwined with ecological factors. Differential allocation of limited resources has a central role in the cost of reproduction. In this paper, I review the costs and benefits of mating in tettigoniids, focussing on nuptial gifts, their trade-off with male calling songs, protandry and how mate density influences mate choice. Tettigoniids have been widely used as model systems for studies of mating costs and benefits; they can provide useful general insights. The production and exchange of large nuptial gifts by males for mating is an important reproductive strategy in tettigoniids. As predicted by sexual selection theory spermatophylax size is condition dependent and is constrained by the need to invest in calling to attract mates also. Under some circumstances, females benefit directly from the nuptial gifts by an increase in reproductive output. However, compounds in the nuptial gift can also benefit the male by prolonging the period before the female remates. There is also a trade-off between adult male maturation and mating success. Where males mature before females (protandry) the level of protandry varies in the direction predicted by sperm competition theory; namely, early male maturation is correlated with a high level of first inseminations being reproductively successful. Lastly, mate density in bushcrickets is an important environmental factor influencing the behavioural decisions of individuals. Where mates are abundant, individuals are more choosey of mates; when they are scarce, individuals are less choosey. This review reinforces the view that tettigoniids provide excellent models to test and understand the economics of matings in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlind U C Lehmann
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin 10115, Germany.
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18
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Lehtonen J, Kokko H. Positive feedback and alternative stable states in inbreeding, cooperation, sex roles and other evolutionary processes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:211-21. [PMID: 22144384 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of studies in systems science focus on processes involving a mixture of positive and negative feedbacks, which are also common themes in evolutionary ecology. Examples of negative feedback are density dependence (population regulation) and frequency-dependent selection (polymorphisms). Positive feedback, in turn, plays a role in Fisherian 'runaway' sexual selection, the evolution of cooperation, selfing and inbreeding tolerance under purging of deleterious alleles, and the evolution of sex differences in parental care. All these examples feature self-reinforcing processes where the increase in the value of a trait selects for further increases, sometimes via a coevolutionary feedback loop with another trait. Positive feedback often leads to alternative stable states (evolutionary endpoints), making the interpretation of evolutionary predictions challenging. Here, we discuss conceptual issues such as the relationship between self-reinforcing selection and disruptive selection. We also present an extension of a previous model on parental care, focusing on the relationship between the operational sex ratio and sexual selection, and the influence of this relationship on the evolution of biparental or uniparental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Lehtonen
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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