1
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Nicholson RM, Levis NA, Ragsdale EJ. Genetic regulators of a resource polyphenism interact to couple predatory morphology and behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240153. [PMID: 38835272 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity often requires the coordinated response of multiple traits observed individually as morphological, physiological or behavioural. The integration, and hence functionality, of this response may be influenced by whether and how these component traits share a genetic basis. In the case of polyphenism, or discrete plasticity, at least part of the environmental response is categorical, offering a simple readout for determining whether and to what degree individual components of a plastic response can be decoupled. Here, we use the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, which has a resource polyphenism allowing it to be a facultative predator of other nematodes, to understand the genetic integration of polyphenism. The behavioural and morphological consequences of perturbations to the polyphenism's genetic regulatory network show that both predatory activity and ability are strongly influenced by morphology, different axes of morphological variation are associated with different aspects of predatory behaviour, and rearing environment can decouple predatory morphology from behaviour. Further, we found that interactions between some polyphenism-modifying genes synergistically affect predatory behaviour. Our results show that the component traits of an integrated polyphenic response can be decoupled and, in principle, selected upon individually, and they suggest that multiple routes to functionally comparable phenotypes are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Nicholson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Nicholas A Levis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Erik J Ragsdale
- Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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2
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Orkney A, Hedrick BP. Small body size is associated with increased evolutionary lability of wing skeleton proportions in birds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4208. [PMID: 38806471 PMCID: PMC11133451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds are represented by 11,000 species and a great variety of body masses. Modular organisation of trait evolution across birds has facilitated simultaneous adaptation of different body regions to divergent ecological requirements. However, the role modularity has played in avian body size evolution, especially small-bodied, rapidly evolving and diverse avian subclades, such as hummingbirds and songbirds, is unknown. Modularity is influenced by the intersection of biomechanical restrictions, adaptation, and developmental controls, making it difficult to uncover the contributions of single factors such as body mass to skeletal organisation. We develop a novel framework to decompose this complexity, assessing factors underlying the modularity of skeletal proportions in fore-limb propelled birds distributed across a range of body masses. We demonstrate that differences in body size across birds triggers a modular reorganisation of flight apparatus proportions consistent with biomechanical expectations. We suggest weakened integration within the wing facilitates radiation in small birds. Our framework is generalisable to other groups and has the capacity to untangle the multi-layered complexity intrinsic to modular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Orkney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, 930 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Brandon P Hedrick
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, 930 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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3
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Edie SM, Khouja SC, Collins KS, Crouch NMA, Jablonski D. Evolutionary modularity, integration and disparity in an accretionary skeleton: analysis of venerid Bivalvia. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211199. [PMID: 35042422 PMCID: PMC8767195 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modular evolution, the relatively independent evolution of body parts, may promote high morphological disparity in a clade. Conversely, integrated evolution via stronger covariation of parts may limit disparity. However, integration can also promote high disparity by channelling morphological evolution along lines of least resistance-a process that may be particularly important in the accumulation of disparity in the many invertebrate systems having accretionary growth. We use a time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis and high-density, three-dimensional semilandmarking to analyse the relationship between modularity, integration and disparity in the most diverse extant bivalve family: the Veneridae. In general, venerids have a simple, two-module parcellation of their body that is divided into features of the calcium carbonate shell and features of the internal soft anatomy. This division falls more along developmental than functional lines when placed in the context of bivalve anatomy and biomechanics. The venerid body is tightly integrated in absolute terms, but disparity appears to increase with modularity strength among subclades and ecologies. Thus, shifts towards more mosaic evolution beget higher morphological variance in this speciose family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart M. Edie
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Safia C. Khouja
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katie S. Collins
- Department of Earth Sciences, Invertebrates and Plants Palaeobiology Division, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nicholas M. A. Crouch
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Jablonski
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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McCord CL, Nash CM, Cooper WJ, Westneat MW. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258889. [PMID: 34705840 PMCID: PMC8550381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages in coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 345 of the 422 damselfishes. The resulting well-resolved phylogeny helps to address several important questions about higher-level damselfish relationships, their evolutionary history and patterns of divergence. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree yields a root age for the family of 55.5 mya, refines the age of origin for a number of diverse genera, and shows that ecological changes during the Eocene-Oligocene transition provided opportunities for damselfish diversification. We explored the idea that body size extremes have evolved repeatedly among the Pomacentridae, and demonstrate that large and small body sizes have evolved independently at least 40 times and with asymmetric rates of transition among size classes. We tested the hypothesis that transitions among dietary ecotypes (benthic herbivory, pelagic planktivory and intermediate omnivory) are asymmetric, with higher transition rates from intermediate omnivory to either planktivory or herbivory. Using multistate hidden-state speciation and extinction models, we found that both body size and dietary ecotype are significantly associated with patterns of diversification across the damselfishes, and that the highest rates of net diversification are associated with medium body size and pelagic planktivory. We also conclude that the pattern of evolutionary diversification in feeding ecology, with frequent and asymmetrical transitions between feeding ecotypes, is largely restricted to the subfamily Pomacentrinae in the Indo-West Pacific. Trait diversification patterns for damselfishes across a fully resolved phylogeny challenge many recent general conclusions about the evolution of reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene L. McCord
- College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California, United States of America
| | - Chloe M. Nash
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - W. James Cooper
- Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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5
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Zelditch ML, Goswami A. What does modularity mean? Evol Dev 2021; 23:377-403. [PMID: 34464501 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of research in organismal biology across multiple disciplines including genetics, developmental biology, functional morphology, population and evolutionary biology. While the wealth of new data, and also new theory, has provided exciting and novel insights, the concept of modularity has become increasingly ambiguous. That ambiguity is underlain by diverse intuitions about what modularity means, and the ambiguity is not merely about the meaning of the word-the metrics of modularity are measuring different properties and the methods for delimiting modules delimit them by different, sometimes conflicting criteria. The many definitions, metrics and methods can lead to substantial confusion not just about what modularity means as a word but also about what it means for evolution. Here we review various concepts, using graphical depictions of modules. We then review some of the metrics and methods for analyzing modularity at different levels. To place these in theoretical context, we briefly review theories about the origins and evolutionary consequences of modularity. Finally, we show how mismatches between concepts, metrics and methods can produce theoretical confusion, and how potentially illogical interpretations can be made sensible by a better match between definitions, metrics, and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam L Zelditch
- Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Tang KL, Stiassny MLJ, Mayden RL, DeSalle R. Systematics of Damselfishes. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/i2020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Tang
- University of Michigan–Flint, Department of Biology, 303 East Kearsley St., Flint, Michigan 48502; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Melanie L. J. Stiassny
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, New York 10024;
| | - Richard L. Mayden
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63103;
| | - Robert DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, New York 10024;
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7
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Evans KM, Larouche O, Watson SJ, Farina S, Habegger ML, Friedman M. Integration drives rapid phenotypic evolution in flatfishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101330118. [PMID: 33931506 PMCID: PMC8106320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101330118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, and have allowed the organisms that possess them to occupy novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these innovations are well documented, much less is known about how these innovations arise in the first place. Patterns of covariation among traits across macroevolutionary time can offer insights into the generation of innovation. However, to date, there is no consensus on the role that trait covariation plays in this process. The evolution of cranial asymmetry in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) from within Carangaria was a rapid evolutionary innovation that preceded the colonization of benthic aquatic habitats by this clade, and resulted in one of the most bizarre body plans observed among extant vertebrates. Here, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and a phylogenetic comparative toolkit to reconstruct the evolution of skull shape in carangarians, and quantify patterns of integration and modularity across the skull. We find that the evolution of asymmetry in flatfishes was a rapid process, resulting in the colonization of novel trait space, that was aided by strong integration that coordinated shape changes across the skull. Our findings suggest that integration plays a major role in the evolution of innovation by synchronizing responses to selective pressures across the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory M Evans
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005;
| | | | - Sara-Jane Watson
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801
| | - Stacy Farina
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
| | | | - Matt Friedman
- Department of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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8
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Olivier D, Van Wassenbergh S, Parmentier E, Frédérich B. Unprecedented Biting Performance in Herbivorous Fish: How the Complex Biting System of Pomacentridae Circumvents Performance Trade-Offs. Am Nat 2021; 197:E156-E172. [DOI: 10.1086/713498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Lofeu L, Anelli V, Straker LC, Kohlsdorf T. Developmental plasticity reveals hidden fish phenotypes and enables morphospace diversification. Evolution 2021; 75:1170-1188. [PMID: 33783852 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a given phenotype is only one expression from a range of hidden developmental possibilities. Developmental plasticity at hidden reaction norms might elicit phenotypic diversification under new developmental environments. Current discussion benefits from empirical analyses that integrate multiple environmental stimuli to evaluate how plastic responses may shape phenotypic variation. We raised Megaleporinus macrocephalus fish in different environmental settings to address contributions of developmental plasticity for emergence of new phenotypes and subsequent morphospace diversification. Plastic morphotypes were evaluated at two complementary scales, the M. macrocephalus morphospace and the higher taxonomic level of Anostomidae family. Morphospace analyses demonstrated that developmental plasticity quickly releases distinct head morphotypes that were hidden in the parental monomorphic population. Plastic morphotypes occupied discrete and previously unfilled morphospace regions, a result obtained from comparisons with a control population and in analyses including several Anostomidae species. Plastic responses involved adjustments in shape and relative position of head bonesets, and fish raised under specific environmental combinations rescued phenotypic patterns described for different genera. Therefore, developmental plasticity possibly contributes to adaptive radiation in Anostomidae. Results illustrate how plastic responses enable morphospace diversification and contribute to evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lofeu
- Department of Biology - FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Anelli
- Department of Biology - FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Lorian Cobra Straker
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Department of Biology - FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-900, Brazil
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10
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Trait evolution is reversible, repeatable, and decoupled in the soldier caste of turtle ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6608-6615. [PMID: 32152103 PMCID: PMC7104247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913750117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of adaptive phenotypic change within a lineage is shaped by how functional traits evolve. Castes are defining functional traits of adaptive phenotypic change in complex insect societies, and caste evolution is expected to be phylogenetically conserved and developmentally constrained at broad phylogenetic scales. Yet how castes evolve at the species level has remained largely unaddressed. Turtle ant soldiers (genus Cephalotes), an iconic example of caste specialization, defend nest entrances by using their elaborately armored heads as living barricades. Across species, soldier morphotype determines entrance specialization and defensive strategy, while head size sets the specific size of defended entrances. Our species-level comparative analyses of morphotype and head size evolution reveal that these key ecomorphological traits are extensively reversible, repeatable, and decoupled within soldiers and between soldier and queen castes. Repeated evolutionary gains and losses of the four morphotypes were reconstructed consistently across multiple analyses. In addition, morphotype did not predict mean head size across the three most common morphotypes, and head size distributions overlapped broadly across all morphotypes. Concordantly, multiple model-fitting approaches suggested that soldier head size evolution is best explained by a process of divergent pulses of change. Finally, while soldier and queen head size were broadly coupled across species, the level of head size disparity between castes was decoupled from both queen head size and soldier morphotype. These findings demonstrate that caste evolution can be highly dynamic at the species level, reshaping our understanding of adaptive morphological change in complex social lineages.
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11
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James Cooper W, VanHall R, Sweet E, Milewski H, DeLeon Z, Verderber A, DeLeon A, Galindo D, Lazono O. Functional morphogenesis from embryos to adults: Late development shapes trophic niche in coral reef damselfishes. Evol Dev 2019; 22:221-240. [PMID: 31808993 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The damselfishes are one of the dominant coral reef fish lineages. Their ecological diversification has involved repeated transitions between pelagic feeding using fast bites and benthic feeding using forceful bites. A highly-integrative approach that combined gene expression assays, shape analyses, and high-speed video analyses was used to examine the development of trophic morphology in embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult damselfishes. The anatomical characters that distinguish pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding species do not appear until after larval development. Neither patterns of embryonic jaw morphogenesis, larval skull shapes nor larval bite mechanics significantly distinguished damselfishes from different adult trophic guilds. Analyses of skull shape and feeding performance identified two important transitions in the trophic development of a single species (the orange clownfish; Amphiprion percula): (a) a pronounced transformation in feeding mechanics during metamorphosis; and (b) more protracted cranial remodeling over the course of juvenile development. The results of this study indicate that changes in postlarval morphogenesis have played an important role in damselfish evolution. This is likely to be true for other fish lineages, particularly if they consist of marine species, the majority of which have planktonic larvae with different functional requirements for feeding in comparison to their adult forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Rachel VanHall
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Elly Sweet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Holly Milewski
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Zoey DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - Adrian DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Demi Galindo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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12
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Chen CT, Robitzch V, Sturaro N, Lepoint G, Berumen ML, Frédérich B. ‘Homemade’: the phenotypic diversity of coral reef damselfish populations is driven by the local environment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ting Chen
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, E Pugin, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Sturaro
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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13
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Gajdzik L, Aguilar-Medrano R, Frédérich B. Diversification and functional evolution of reef fish feeding guilds. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:572-582. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gajdzik
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; FOCUS; Université de Liège; 4000 Liège Belgique
| | - Rosalia Aguilar-Medrano
- Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Peces; Departamento de Recursos del Mar; CINVESTAV, Mérida; Yucatán México 97310
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; FOCUS; Université de Liège; 4000 Liège Belgique
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14
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Yuan ML, Wake MH, Wang IJ. Phenotypic integration between claw and toepad traits promotes microhabitat specialization in the
Anolis
adaptive radiation. Evolution 2019; 73:231-244. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources University of California Berkeley California 94720
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia 20560
| | - Marvalee H. Wake
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Sciences University of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Ian J. Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources University of California Berkeley California 94720
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley California 94720
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15
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Reef fish functional traits evolve fastest at trophic extremes. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 3:191-199. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Liu SYV, Frédérich B, Lavoué S, Chang J, Erdmann MV, Mahardika GN, Barber PH. Buccal venom gland associates with increased of diversification rate in the fang blenny fish Meiacanthus (Blenniidae; Teleostei). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 125:138-146. [PMID: 29597008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
At the macroevolutionary level, many mechanisms have been proposed to explain explosive species diversification. Among them morphological and/or physiological novelty is considered to have a great impact on the tempo and the mode of diversification. Meiacanthus is a genus of Blenniidae possessing a unique buccal venom gland at the base of an elongated canine tooth. This unusual trait has been hypothesized to aid escape from predation and thus potentially play an important role in their pattern of diversification. Here, we produce the first time-calibrated phylogeny of Blenniidae and we test the impact of two morphological novelties on their diversification, i.e. the presence of swim bladder and buccal venom gland, using various comparative methods. We found an increase in the tempo of lineage diversification at the root of the Meiacanthus clade, associated with the evolution of the buccal venom gland, but not the swim bladder. Neither morphological novelty was associated with the pattern of size disparification in blennies. Our results support the hypothesis that the buccal venom gland has contributed to the explosive diversification of Meiacanthus, but further analyses are needed to fully understand the factors sustaining this burst of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yin Vanson Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie, UR FOCUS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Lavoué
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Mark V Erdmann
- Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, 80235 Bali, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Ngurah Mahardika
- The Indonesian Biodiversity Research Centre, The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Udayana University, Jl Sesetan-Markisa 6, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Paul H Barber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
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17
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Gajdzik L, Parmentier E, Michel LN, Sturaro N, Soong K, Lepoint G, Frédérich B. Similar levels of trophic and functional diversity within damselfish assemblages across Indo‐Pacific coral reefs. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gajdzik
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary MorphologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary MorphologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Loïc N. Michel
- Laboratory of OceanologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Nicolas Sturaro
- Laboratory of OceanologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Keryea Soong
- National Sun Yat‐Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of OceanologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary MorphologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
- Laboratory of OceanologyUR FOCUSUniversity of Liege Liege Belgium
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Konow N, Price S, Abom R, Bellwood D, Wainwright P. Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0906. [PMID: 28768889 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of fishes on coral reefs is influenced by the evolution of feeding innovations. For instance, the evolution of an intramandibular jaw joint has aided shifts to corallivory in Chaetodon butterflyfishes following their Miocene colonization of coral reefs. Today, over half of all Chaetodon species consume coral, easily the largest concentration of corallivores in any reef fish family. In contrast with Chaetodon, other chaetodontids, including the long-jawed bannerfishes, remain less intimately associated with coral and mainly consume other invertebrate prey. Here, we test (i) if intramandibular joint (IMJ) evolution in Chaetodon has accelerated feeding morphological diversification, and (ii) if cranial and post-cranial traits were affected similarly. We measured 19 cranial functional morphological traits, gut length and body elongation for 33 Indo-Pacific species. Comparisons of Brownian motion rate parameters revealed that cranial diversification was about four times slower in Chaetodon butterflyfishes with the IMJ than in other chaetodontids. However, the rate of gut length evolution was significantly faster in Chaetodon, with no group-differences for body elongation. The contrasting patterns of cranial and post-cranial morphological evolution stress the importance of comprehensive datasets in ecomorphology. The IMJ appears to enhance coral feeding ability in Chaetodon and represents a design breakthrough that facilitates this trophic strategy. Meanwhile, variation in gut anatomy probably reflects diversity in how coral tissues are procured and assimilated. Bannerfishes, by contrast, retain a relatively unspecialized gut for processing invertebrate prey, but have evolved some of the most extreme cranial mechanical innovations among bony fishes for procuring elusive prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Samantha Price
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Richard Abom
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - David Bellwood
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Peter Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Rates of morphological evolution, asymmetry and morphological integration of shell shape in scallops. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:248. [PMID: 29216839 PMCID: PMC5721563 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of morphological evolution vary across different taxonomic groups, and this has been proposed as one of the main drivers for the great diversity of organisms on Earth. Of the extrinsic factors pertaining to this variation, ecological hypotheses feature prominently in observed differences in phenotypic evolutionary rates across lineages. But complex organisms are inherently modular, comprising distinct body parts that can be differentially affected by external selective pressures. Thus, the evolution of trait covariation and integration in modular systems may also play a prominent role in shaping patterns of phenotypic diversity. Here we investigate the role ecological diversity plays in morphological integration, and the tempo of shell shape evolution and of directional asymmetry in bivalved scallops. Results Overall, the shape of both valves and the magnitude of asymmetry of the whole shell (difference in shape between valves) are traits that are evolving fast in ecomorphs under strong selective pressures (gliders, recessers and nestling), compared to low rates observed in other ecomorphs (byssal-attaching, free-living and cementing). Given that different parts of an organism can be under different selective pressures from the environment, we also examined the degree of evolutionary integration between the valves as it relates to ecological shifts. We find that evolutionary morphological integration is consistent and surprisingly high across species, indicating that while the left and right valves of a scallop shell are diversifying in accordance with ecomorphology, they are doing so in a concerted fashion. Conclusions Our study on scallops adds another strong piece of evidence that ecological shifts play an important role in the tempo and mode of morphological evolution. Strong selective pressures from the environment, inferred from the repeated evolution of distinct ecomorphs, have influenced the rate of morphological evolution in valve shape and the magnitude of asymmetry between valves. Our observation that morphological integration of the valves making up the shell is consistently strong suggests tight developmental pathways are responsible for the concerted evolution of these structures while environmental pressures are driving whole shell shape. Finally, our study shows that directional asymmetry in shell shape among species is an important aspect of scallop macroevolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-017-1098-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Getlekha N, Cioffi MDB, Maneechot N, Bertollo LAC, Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Molina WF. Contrasting Evolutionary Paths Among Indo-Pacific Pomacentrus Species Promoted by Extensive Pericentric Inversions and Genome Organization of Repetitive Sequences. Zebrafish 2017; 15:45-54. [PMID: 29023226 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomacentrus (damselfishes) is one of the most characteristic groups of fishes in the Indo-Pacific coral reef. Its 77 described species exhibit a complex taxonomy with cryptic lineages across their extensive distribution. Periods of evolutionary divergences between them are very variable, and the cytogenetic events that followed their evolutionary diversification are largely unknown. In this respect, analyses of chromosomal divergence, within a phylogenetic perspective, are particularly informative regarding karyoevolutionary trends. As such, we conducted conventional cytogenetic and cytogenomic analyses in four Pomacentrus species (Pomacentrus similis, Pomacentrus auriventris, Pomacentrus moluccensis, and Pomacentrus cuneatus), through the mapping of repetitive DNA classes and transposable elements, including 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAA)10, Rex6, and U2 snDNA as markers. P. auriventris and P. similis, belonging to the Pomacentrus coelestis complex, have indistinguishable karyotypes (2n = 48; NF = 48), with a peculiar syntenic organization of ribosomal genes. On the other hand, P. moluccensis and P. cuneatus, belonging to another clade, exhibit very different karyotypes (2n = 48, NF = 86 and 92, respectively), with a large number of bi-armed chromosomes, where multiple pericentric inversions played a significant role in their karyotype organization. In this sense, different chromosomal pathways followed the phyletic diversification in the Pomacentrus genus, making possible the characterization of two well-contrasting species groups regarding their karyotype features. Despite this, pericentric inversions act as an effective postzygotic barrier in many organisms, which appear to be also the case for P. moluccensis and P. cuneatus; the extensive chromosomal similarities in the two species of P. coelestis complex suggest minor participation of chromosomal postzygotic barriers in the phyletic diversification of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntaporn Getlekha
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- 2 Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nuntiya Maneechot
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Weerayuth Supiwong
- 3 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand .,4 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, KhonKaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- 5 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
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Frédérich B, Marramà G, Carnevale G, Santini F. Non-reef environments impact the diversification of extant jacks, remoras and allies (Carangoidei, Percomorpha). Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161556. [PMID: 27807262 PMCID: PMC5124091 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors may impact the processes of diversification of a clade. In the marine realm, it has been shown that coral reef environments have promoted diversification in various fish groups. With the exception of requiem sharks, all the groups showing a higher level of diversity in reefs than in non-reef habitats have diets based predominantly on plankton, algae or benthic invertebrates. Here we explore the pattern of diversification of carangoid fishes, a clade that includes numerous piscivorous species (e.g. trevallies, jacks and dolphinfishes), using time-calibrated phylogenies as well as ecological and morphological data from both extant and fossil species. The study of carangoid morphospace suggests that reef environments played a role in their early radiation during the Eocene. However, contrary to the hypothesis of a reef-association-promoting effect, we show that habitat shifts to non-reef environments have increased the rates of morphological diversification (i.e. size and body shape) in extant carangoids. Piscivory did not have a major impact on the tempo of diversification of this group. Through the ecological radiation of carangoid fishes, we demonstrate that non-reef environments may sustain and promote processes of diversification of different marine fish groups, at least those including a large proportion of piscivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH Research Center, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie, MARE Center, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Marramà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Francesco Santini
- Associazione Italiana per lo Studio della Biodiversità, Pisa 56100, Italy
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Olivier D, Parmentier E, Frédérich B. Insight into biting diversity to capture benthic prey in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). ZOOL ANZ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Larochelle CR, Pickens FAT, Burns MD, Sidlauskas BL. Long-term Isopropanol Storage Does Not Alter Fish Morphometrics. COPEIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-15-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tsuboi M, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Kolm N. Functional coupling constrains craniofacial diversification in Lake Tanganyika cichlids. Biol Lett 2016; 11:20141053. [PMID: 25948565 PMCID: PMC4455731 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional coupling, where a single morphological trait performs multiple functions, is a universal feature of organismal design. Theory suggests that functional coupling may constrain the rate of phenotypic evolution, yet empirical tests of this hypothesis are rare. In fish, the evolutionary transition from guarding the eggs on a sandy/rocky substrate (i.e. substrate guarding) to mouthbrooding introduces a novel function to the craniofacial system and offers an ideal opportunity to test the functional coupling hypothesis. Using a combination of geometric morphometrics and a recently developed phylogenetic comparative method, we found that head morphology evolution was 43% faster in substrate guarding species than in mouthbrooding species. Furthermore, for species in which females were solely responsible for mouthbrooding the males had a higher rate of head morphology evolution than in those with bi-parental mouthbrooding. Our results support the hypothesis that adaptations resulting in functional coupling constrain phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Tsuboi
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, D.F. 04510, México Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F. Diversity of Inner Ears in Fishes: Possible Contribution Towards Hearing Improvements and Evolutionary Considerations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:341-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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