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Waters C, Cotter D, O'Neill R, Drumm A, Cooney J, Bond N, Rogan G, Maoiléidigh NÓ. The use of predator tags to explain reversal movement patterns in Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38226528 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic telemetry has seen a rapid increase in utility and sophistication in recent years and is now used extensively to assess the behavior and survival rates of many aquatic animals, including the Atlantic salmon. As part of the salmon's complex life cycle, salmon smolts are thought to make a unidirectional migration from fresh water to the sea, which is initiated by changes in their physiology. However, some tag movement patterns do not conform with this and can be difficult to explain, particularly if the tagged fish has been eaten by a predator. This study combines the use of predator tags with machine learning techniques to understand the fate of migrating salmon smolts and thereby improve estimates for migration success. Over 3 years between 2020 and 2022, 217 salmon smolts (including wild and hatchery-reared ranched fish) were acoustically tagged and released into an embayment on the west coast of Ireland. Some tagged smolts were observed to return from the estuary back into a saline lagoon through which they had already migrated. To distinguish between the movement of a salmon smolt and that of a predator, predator tags were deployed in migrating smolts in 2021 and 2022. The addition of a temperature sensor in 2022 enabled the determination of predator type causing the returning movement. A significant number of predator tags were triggered, and the patterns of movement associated with these triggered tags were then used with two types of machine learning algorithms (hierarchical cluster analysis and random forest) to identify and validate the behavior of smolts tagged without extra sensors. Both models produced the same outputs, grouping smolts tagged with predator tags with smolts tagged without the additional sensors but showing similar movements. A mammalian predator was identified as the cause of most reversal movement, and hatchery-reared ranched smolts were found to be more likely predated upon by this predator than wild smolts within the lake and the estuary. However, overall migration success estimates were similar for both wild and hatchery-reared ranched fish. This study highlights the value of predator tags as an essential tool in the overall validation of detection data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Waters
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - D Cotter
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - R O'Neill
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - A Drumm
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - J Cooney
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - N Bond
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
| | - G Rogan
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland
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Patrick SC, Assink JD, Basille M, Clusella-Trullas S, Clay TA, den Ouden OFC, Joo R, Zeyl JN, Benhamou S, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Evers LG, Fayet AL, Köppl C, Malkemper EP, Martín López LM, Padget O, Phillips RA, Prior MK, Smets PSM, van Loon EE. Infrasound as a Cue for Seabird Navigation. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.740027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds are amongst the most mobile of all animal species and spend large amounts of their lives at sea. They cross vast areas of ocean that appear superficially featureless, and our understanding of the mechanisms that they use for navigation remains incomplete, especially in terms of available cues. In particular, several large-scale navigational tasks, such as homing across thousands of kilometers to breeding sites, are not fully explained by visual, olfactory or magnetic stimuli. Low-frequency inaudible sound, i.e., infrasound, is ubiquitous in the marine environment. The spatio-temporal consistency of some components of the infrasonic wavefield, and the sensitivity of certain bird species to infrasonic stimuli, suggests that infrasound may provide additional cues for seabirds to navigate, but this remains untested. Here, we propose a framework to explore the importance of infrasound for navigation. We present key concepts regarding the physics of infrasound and review the physiological mechanisms through which infrasound may be detected and used. Next, we propose three hypotheses detailing how seabirds could use information provided by different infrasound sources for navigation as an acoustic beacon, landmark, or gradient. Finally, we reflect on strengths and limitations of our proposed hypotheses, and discuss several directions for future work. In particular, we suggest that hypotheses may be best tested by combining conceptual models of navigation with empirical data on seabird movements and in-situ infrasound measurements.
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Evidence for discrimination between feeding sounds of familiar fish and unfamiliar mammal-eating killer whale ecotypes by long-finned pilot whales. Anim Cogn 2019; 22:863-882. [PMID: 31230140 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Killer whales (KW) may be predators or competitors of other cetaceans. Since their foraging behavior and acoustics differ among populations ('ecotypes'), we hypothesized that other cetaceans can eavesdrop on KW sounds and adjust their behavior according to the KW ecotype. We performed playback experiments on long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) in Norway using familiar fish-eating KW sounds (fKW) simulating a sympatric population that might compete for foraging areas, unfamiliar mammal-eating KW sounds (mKW) simulating a potential predator threat, and two control sounds. We assessed behavioral responses using animal-borne multi-sensor tags and surface visual observations. Pilot whales barely changed behavior to a broadband noise (CTRL-), whereas they were attracted and exhibited spyhops to fKW, mKW, and to a repeated-tonal upsweep signal (CTRL+). Whales never stopped nor started feeding in response to fKW, whereas they reduced or stopped foraging to mKW and CTRL+. Moreover, pilot whales joined other subgroups in response to fKW and CTRL+, whereas they tightened individual spacing within group and reduced time at surface in response to mKW. Typical active intimidation behavior displayed to fKW might be an antipredator strategy to a known low-risk ecotype or alternatively a way of securing the habitat exploited by a heterospecific sympatric population. Cessation of feeding and more cohesive approach to mKW playbacks might reflect an antipredator behavior towards an unknown KW ecotype of potentially higher risk. We conclude that pilot whales are able to acoustically discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar KW ecotypes, enabling them to adjust their behavior according to the perceived disturbance type.
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Pontoon trap for salmon and trout equipped with a seal exclusion device catches larger salmons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201164. [PMID: 30048493 PMCID: PMC6062063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing seal populations of the Baltic have led to more frequent interactions with coastal fisheries. The motivation for seals to interact with fishing gear is high. It provides high densities of fish. A successful means of mitigating the conflict is the pontoon trap. Seal visits here have been frequent. Seals have access to most parts of the trap system including the middle chamber, which is an overhead environment. Concerns have been raised about seals possible entanglement in this specific part of the trap. As a means of keeping seals from entering the middle chamber, two different Seal Exclusion Devices (SEDs) were tested. A diamond mesh SED and a square mesh SED, which was rotated 45°. The aim was to compare the functionality of the different SEDs with respect to seal deterrent abilities and catch composition. The hypothesis tested were (i) that seals would not be able to enter the middle chamber, (ii) that the catch would increase and (iii) that the SED would deter larger fish from swimming into the middle chamber. Catch data and underwater film were collected. Larger salmons were caught in traps equipped with SEDs. The SEDs did not affect the number of caught fish or the total catch per soak day.
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Crossin GT, Heupel MR, Holbrook CM, Hussey NE, Lowerre-Barbieri SK, Nguyen VM, Raby GD, Cooke SJ. Acoustic telemetry and fisheries management. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:1031-1049. [PMID: 28295789 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of acoustic telemetry as a tool for addressing issues in fisheries management, and serves as the lead to the special Feature Issue of Ecological Applications titled Acoustic Telemetry and Fisheries Management. Specifically, we provide an overview of the ways in which acoustic telemetry can be used to inform issues central to the ecology, conservation, and management of exploited and/or imperiled fish species. Despite great strides in this area in recent years, there are comparatively few examples where data have been applied directly to influence fisheries management and policy. We review the literature on this issue, identify the strengths and weaknesses of work done to date, and highlight knowledge gaps and difficulties in applying empirical fish telemetry studies to fisheries policy and practice. We then highlight the key areas of management and policy addressed, as well as the challenges that needed to be overcome to do this. We conclude with a set of recommendations about how researchers can, in consultation with stock assessment scientists and managers, formulate testable scientific questions to address and design future studies to generate data that can be used in a meaningful way by fisheries management and conservation practitioners. We also urge the involvement of relevant stakeholders (managers, fishers, conservation societies, etc.) early on in the process (i.e., in the co-creation of research projects), so that all priority questions and issues can be addressed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T Crossin
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B4H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Christopher M Holbrook
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, Michigan, 49759, USA
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Susan K Lowerre-Barbieri
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Science Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 7922 North West 71st Street, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA
| | - Vivian M Nguyen
- Fish Ecology & Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology & Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Chen F, Shapiro GI, Bennett KA, Ingram SN, Thompson D, Vincent C, Russell DJF, Embling CB. Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:372-383. [PMID: 27677390 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~20dB at a frequency of 125Hz, and ~10dB on average over 10-1000Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - G I Shapiro
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - K A Bennett
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - S N Ingram
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - D Thompson
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - C Vincent
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS/University of La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - D J F Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - C B Embling
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Aerial low-frequency hearing in captive and free-ranging harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) measured using auditory brainstem responses. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2016; 202:859-868. [PMID: 27796483 PMCID: PMC5099358 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hearing sensitivity of 18 free-ranging and 10 captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to aerial sounds was measured in the presence of typical environmental noise through auditory brainstem response measurements. A focus was put on the comparative hearing sensitivity at low frequencies. Low- and mid-frequency thresholds appeared to be elevated in both captive and free-ranging seals, but this is likely due to masking effects and limitations of the methodology used. The data also showed individual variability in hearing sensitivity with probable age-related hearing loss found in two old harbour seals. These results suggest that the acoustic sensitivity of free-ranging animals was not negatively affected by the soundscape they experienced in the wild.
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Lucke K, Popper AN, Hawkins AD, Akamatsu T, André M, Branstetter BK, Lammers M, Radford CA, Stansbury AL, Aran Mooney T. Auditory sensitivity in aquatic animals. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:3097. [PMID: 27369131 DOI: 10.1121/1.4952711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical concern with respect to marine animal acoustics is the issue of hearing "sensitivity," as it is widely used as a criterion for the onset of noise-induced effects. Important aspects of research on sensitivity to sound by marine animals include: uncertainties regarding how well these species detect and respond to different sounds; the masking effects of man-made sounds on the detection of biologically important sounds; the question how internal state, motivation, context, and previous experience affect their behavioral responses; and the long-term and cumulative effects of sound exposure. If we are to better understand the sensitivity of marine animals to sound we must concentrate research on these questions. In order to assess population level and ecological community impacts new approaches can possibly be adopted from other disciplines and applied to marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Lucke
- Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Anthony D Hawkins
- Loughine Marine Research, Kincraig, Blairs, Aberdeen, AB12 5YT, United Kingdom
| | - Tomonari Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Michel André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech, Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian K Branstetter
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, No. 200, San Diego, California 92106, USA
| | - Marc Lammers
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology & Oceanwide Science Institute, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Craig A Radford
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
| | - Amanda L Stansbury
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Research Facility, MS #50, 266 Woods Hole Road, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Todd VLG. Mitigation of underwater anthropogenic noise and marine mammals: the 'death of a thousand' cuts and/or mundane adjustment? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:1-3. [PMID: 26795130 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L G Todd
- Ocean Science Consulting (OSC) Ltd., Ocean House, 4 Brewery Lane, Belhaven, Dunbar, East Lothian, EH42 1PD, Scotland, UK; Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Baker LL, Mills Flemming JE, Jonsen ID, Lidgard DC, Iverson SJ, Bowen WD. A novel approach to quantifying the spatiotemporal behavior of instrumented grey seals used to sample the environment. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 26213626 PMCID: PMC4514985 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired with satellite location telemetry, animal-borne instruments can collect spatiotemporal data describing the animal's movement and environment at a scale relevant to its behavior. Ecologists have developed methods for identifying the area(s) used by an animal (e.g., home range) and those used most intensely (utilization distribution) based on location data. However, few have extended these models beyond their traditional roles as descriptive 2D summaries of point data. Here we demonstrate how the home range method, T-LoCoH, can be expanded to quantify collective sampling coverage by multiple instrumented animals using grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) equipped with GPS tags and acoustic transceivers on the Scotian Shelf (Atlantic Canada) as a case study. At the individual level, we illustrate how time and space-use metrics quantifying individual sampling coverage may be used to determine the rate of acoustic transmissions received. RESULTS Grey seals collectively sampled an area of 11,308 km (2) and intensely sampled an area of 31 km (2) from June-December. The largest area sampled was in July (2094.56 km (2)) and the smallest area sampled occurred in August (1259.80 km (2)), with changes in sampling coverage observed through time. CONCLUSIONS T-LoCoH provides an effective means to quantify changes in collective sampling effort by multiple instrumented animals and to compare these changes across time. We also illustrate how time and space-use metrics of individual instrumented seal movement calculated using T-LoCoH can be used to account for differences in the amount of time a bioprobe (biological sampling platform) spends in an area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Baker
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | | | - Ian D Jonsen
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Damian C Lidgard
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Sara J Iverson
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - W Don Bowen
- />Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Canada
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Hastie GD, Russell DJ, McConnell B, Moss S, Thompson D, Janik VM. Sound exposure in harbour seals during the installation of an offshore wind farm: predictions of auditory damage. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon D. Hastie
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
| | - Deborah J.F. Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling; The Observatory; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 9LZ UK
| | - Bernie McConnell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
| | - Simon Moss
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
| | - Dave Thompson
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
| | - Vincent M. Janik
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife KY16 8LB UK
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Fish tags guide seal predators. Nature 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/515469e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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