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Pereira OS, Gonzalez J, Mendoza G, Le J, McNeill M, Ontiveros J, Lee RW, Rouse GW, Cortés J, Levin LA. Does substrate matter in the deep sea? A comparison of bone, wood, and carbonate rock colonizers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271635. [PMID: 35857748 PMCID: PMC9299329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continental margins host methane seeps, animal falls and wood falls, with chemosynthetic communities that may share or exchange species. The goal of this study was to examine the existence and nature of linkages among chemosynthesis-based ecosystems by deploying organic fall mimics (bone and wood) alongside defaunated carbonate rocks within high and lesser levels of seepage activity for 7.4 years. We compared community composition, density, and trophic structure of invertebrates on these hard substrates at active methane seepage and transition (less seepage) sites at Mound 12 at ~1,000 m depth, a methane seep off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. At transition sites, the community composition on wood and bone was characteristic of natural wood- and whale-fall community composition, which rely on decay of the organic substrates. However, at active sites, seepage activity modified the relationship between fauna and substrate, seepage activity had a stronger effect in defining and homogenizing these communities and they depend less on organic decay. In contrast to community structure, macrofaunal trophic niche overlap between substrates, based on standard ellipse areas, was greater at transition sites than at active sites, except between rock and wood. Our observations suggest that whale- and wood-fall substrates can function as stepping stones for seep fauna even at later successional stages, providing hard substrate for attachment and chemosynthetic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia S. Pereira
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gonzalez
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Mendoza
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Le
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Madison McNeill
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- College of Health and Sciences, East Central University, Ada, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jorge Ontiveros
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Raymond W. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Greg W. Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Cortés
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Eilertsen MH, Georgieva MN, Kongsrud JA, Linse K, Wiklund H, Glover AG, Rapp HT. Genetic connectivity from the Arctic to the Antarctic: Sclerolinum contortum and Nicomache lokii (Annelida) are both widespread in reducing environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4810. [PMID: 29556042 PMCID: PMC5859262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of large geographic ranges in the deep sea has been challenged by genetic studies, which often reveal putatively widespread species to be several taxa with more restricted ranges. Recently, a phylogeographic study revealed that the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum (Siboglinidae) inhabits vents and seeps from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Here, we further test the conspecificity of the same populations of S. contortum with additional mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We also investigate the genetic connectivity of another species with putatively the same wide geographic range - Nicomache lokii (Maldanidae). Our results support the present range of S. contortum, and the range of N. lokii is extended from vents and seeps in the Nordic Seas to mud volcanoes in the Barbados Trench and Antarctic vents. Sclerolinum contortum shows more pronounced geographic structure than N. lokii, but whether this is due to different dispersal capacities or reflects the geographic isolation of the sampled localities is unclear. Two distinct mitochondrial lineages of N. lokii are present in the Antarctic, which may result from two independent colonization events. The environmental conditions inhabited by the two species and implications for their distinct habitat preference is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Eilertsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jon A Kongsrud
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hans T Rapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Uni Research, Uni Environment, PO Box 7810, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
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